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Bone is made up of multiple components that are arranged hierarchically to give unique toughness to the bone. However, bone is still susceptible to the fracture. Various events might initiate the crack in the bone structure, such as falling from high place and vehicle accidence. Previous studies reported that the stress distribution in the bone was affected by the microstructure that presence in the bone such as interstitial matrix, cement line and osteon. The presence of osteon in the bone was reported to affect the microcrack propagation in the bone microstructure. However, there is still a missing link between the bone microstructure and bone fracture. This study was aimed to identify the ultimate stress region in the single osteon with different lamellae thickness and presence lacunae. Numerical models of single osteon were developed using Finite Element Method. Based on the stress distribution in the models, the ultimate stress region is predicted as a location of microcrack initiation. Finite element analysis of the single osteon model under compressive loading has been carried out. Based on the results, highest ultimate stress was found in the osteon model with lamellae thickness = 55.0 µm with no lacunae. These findings suggest that thickness of the lamellae did affect the stress distribution in the single osteon model. The results will be useful as the preliminary results for the future studies for bone damage and failure. more...

Screws in bone implant are widely used in medical technology which focus on stabilizing and supporting the broken bone in means of healing. Improvement in bone implant are required in order to ensure better healing process because some failures may happen due to the crack of the screw implant. Previous studies showed there are lack of investigation on screw crack detection in bone screw implant. Early detection of screw implant loosening is crucial for faster repairing and a healthy ready-to-operate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the received signal strength of electromagnetic field induction on implant screw by employing a single channel magnetic induction spectroscopy using flat spiral coil sensor. This study also to evaluate the screw implant under the action of electromagnetic field induction. The electromagnetic method is choose to be implement using the COMSOL Multiphysics’s simulation software. The magnetic induction spectroscopy technique was used in this study to evaluate the received signal strength data for the different screw crack and non-crack. In this study, a high-cycle fatigue test using the flat coil sensor was performed in order to monitor cracks in Titanium Ti-6Al-4V screw.. The results suggested the feasibility of the proposed electromagnetic induction spectroscopy. more...

The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) with combination of Solid Phase Micro-extraction (SPME) was used to study the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which emitted by the in-vitro cultured human cells and compared with documented volatile biomarker of lung cancer. For this purpose, the lung cancer cell (A549) and non-cancerous lung cell (WI38VA13) were cultured in identical growth medium, concurrently. The VOCs in the headspace of the cell cultures and the blank growth media (reference sample) were collected directly from the culture flask using SPME for 15minutes. The results show that two different volatile metabolites were screened out between A549 cells and Wi38VA13 cells. A549 cell found to emit 2 noticeable VOC which are decane and heneicosane. While for WI38VA13, the VOCs released were 1-Heptanol and heptadecane. The acquired VOCs were compared with the previous studies. The findings in this work conclude that the specific VOC of cells can be act as their odour signature and can be used to provide non-invasively screening of lung cancer using gas array sensor devices. more...