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In the frame of the project EDOC@WORK3.0, Education and Work on Cloud, a monitoring plan has been carried out in the highly industrialized town of Taranto (one of the most polluted sites of Italy) in order to investigate contemporary indoor and outdoor concentrations of NO2 and SO2 by passive sampling devises (Radiello). Simultaneously indoor and outdoor samplings of NO2 and SO2 were performed from 2nd November 2015 to 2nd December 2015 in nine sites scattered in the investigated area at different quotes and distances from the industrial complex. Our findings show substantial differences between the spatial distributions of the two pollutants and support the hypothesis of two different prevalent sources for NO2 and SO2. In particular, we find diffusive sources of NO2 linked mainly to the vehicular traffic and secondarily to industrial sources. In contrast, SO2 was mainly associated to industrial sources present in the area, representing also a proxy of the mixture of air contaminants associated to industrial processes. Our hypothesis is also confirmed by analysis of data measured by ARPA air quality monitoring stations. Comparison between indoor and outdoor concentrations confirms that outdoor pollutants infiltrate to indoor environments, moreover it highlights potential NO2 indoor sources basically linked to cooking activities, representing adverse health effects for population risk categories such as children or cooks. Considering that urban people spend a lot of their time in indoors, attention should be paid both to outdoor pollutant sources and to indoor sources.

This work proposes a workflow for baseline quantitative characterisation at Smeaheia, a possible candidate for future phases of the Norwegian full-scale CCS project. Geophysical and rock physics characterisation are performed to quantify key rock physics properties for the storage complex. A two-steps inversion workflow combining geophysical inversion and rock physics inversion is introduced and applied to derive 2D sections describing properties like porosity and bulk moduli with their associated uncertainties. The derived properties can be very useful for constraining reservoir modelling and for the design of a cost-efficient monitoring plan ensuring both conformance and containment.

Conforming to the development of the carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in China, it has the necessity and possibility of launching several large-scale CCUS demonstration projects. The Ordos Basin is one of the greatest opportunity target areas for CCUS demonstration opportunities in China. As facing severe water shortage, carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a helpless option in the coming large-scale development process of Yanchang Oilfield, the Ordos Basin, China. As a shining model of the CCUS, the CO2-EOR is attracting much more attention in China than before. However, the leakage risk of sequestered CO2 drives the necessity in monitoring of the CCUS process in practice. The aim of our research is to develop an integrated monitoring scheme and to identify related key monitoring indicators for CO2-EOR Demonstration Project at Yanchang Oilfield. In this paper, the detailed monitoring plan was tailored for the Jingbian CO2-EOR Block at the Yanchang Oilfield according to the existing situation of monitoring technologies and project planning in China. The principles and suggestion was finally proposed for the selection of key monitoring indicators for a long-term CO2-EOR activity in the Ordos Basin.

Although several global/regional studies have detailed the high level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban areas worldwide, unfortunately, Nepal has never been part of any global/regional regular monitoring plan. Despite few sporadic studies exist, the systematic monitoring and integrated concentration of PAHs in urban region of Nepal are lacking. In this study, the concentrations, sources, and health risk assessment of 16 PAHs in air (n = 34) were investigated in suspected source areas/more densely populated regions of Nepal. Four potential source areas in Nepal were focused as it was conjectured that urban centers in plain areas (Birgunj and Biratnagar) would possibly be more influenced by PAHs as a result of intense biomass/crop residue burning than those in hilly areas (Kathmandu and Pokhara). The overall concentrations of ∑16PAHs ranged from 4.3 to 131 ng/m3 (median 33.3 ng/m3). ∑16PAH concentrations in plain areas were two folds higher than those in hilly areas. PHE was the most abundant followed by FLUA, PYR, and NAP, which accounted for 36%, 15%, 12%, and 9% of ∑16PAHs, respectively. Principal component analysis confirmed that PAHs in highly urbanized areas (Kathmandu and Pokhara) were related to diesel exhausts and coal combustion, while PAHs in less urbanized regions (Birgunj and Biratnagar) originated from biomass and domestic wood combustions. Furthermore, in the urban areas of Nepal, vehicular emission could also influence atmospheric PAHs. The lifetime cancer risk per million populations due to PAH exposures was estimated to be higher for plain areas than that for hilly areas, suggesting a relatively greater risk of cancer in people living in plain areas.

International audience; During a national monitoring plan, a pork fat sample was declared non-compliant for the sum of dioxins and PCB-DL (EU regulation). The National Reference Laboratory together with competent authorities conducted extended investigations to determine rapidly the contamination source at the farm level. A range of samples (n=129), representative of potential contamination sources, was selected for further characterization (fat, feed, materials, dust, soil) and was analyzed for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs by GC-HRMS. A hot spot was localized in the farm, which corresponded to a pre-feed storage tank, the paints of which presented huge DL-PCB concentrations (> 1x10(6) pg g(-1)), responsible for the contamination. The present case report describes a new source of PCB contamination, previously undescribed.

The work was developed in real context, in the facility of hospital and others dangerous solid waste incineration. It’s involved bibliographic research, analysis of the best available technologies, comparing them with those implemented, proposal for new measures to be implemented, a survey and evaluation of the environmental aspects and impacts associated, with proposal of mitigation measures of the identified impacts, as well as the presentation of a monitoring plan. The impacts from the installation are small and of limited magnitude, with the exception of the impacts associated with gaseous emissions and energy consumption.

LBr-1 is a small depleted hydrocarbon field in the Czech part of the Vienna Basin. Within REPP-CO2, a Czech-Norwegian research project, a consortium of 7 partners is making the first steps towards obtaining a storage permit and realization of CO 2 injection in future. The work includes collecting the necessary data; conducting laboratory investigations; constructing a three-dimensional geological model of the storage complex, developing dynamic models to be used for simulation of the CO 2 injection phase and post-injection one; executing a risk analysis, and compiling a monitoring plan. The project represents the first step in development of the LBr-1 site towards a research CO 2 storage pilot in the Czech Republic. Fundamental milestones of site assessment, site characterisation, CO 2 injection simulation and risk analysis have been achieved, and plans for further stages of site development have been elaborated. The work is now continuing within the ENOS project funded by the EC within the Horizon 2020 programme, with the final vision to start CO 2 injection around 2020.

The potential resource for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in strata underlying the North Sea is mostly within brine-saturated sandstone formations which are each many hundreds to thousands of square kilometres in extent. The immense potential to store CO2 in these rocks can only be fully achieved by the operation of more than one injection site within each formation. A UK North Sea case study anticipates the operation of two injection sites in the Captain Sandstone and assesses any interaction between the injection sites. Technical investigations to optimize the storage capacity in a regionally extensive North Sea sandstone by the operation of more than one injection site within a storage formation [1] are summarised: geological modelling; geomechanical modelling; simulation of CO2 injection; monitoring planning. The UK case study includes the Goldeneye Field, the storage site investigated for the planned Peterhead CCS project. An injection scenario was examined that comprised an initial project storing within a depleted hydrocarbon field structure followed by a second injection site within the surrounding saline aquifer. The research investigations were targeted to identify and reduce any perceived concerns specific to the operation of two sites by a risk assessment-led process. Requirements for a monitoring plan specific to a multi-user storage formation, based on the prediction of storage site performance, were also developed. Generic learning applicable to any suitable multi-user storage sandstone was captured, from the process followed and the technical knowledge acquired, on the characterisation of extensive sandstone formations, management of the planned injection operations and monitoring planning.

In 2016, the European Commission recommended the Member States to monitor the content of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids in food and feed derived from hemp and in food of animal origin for possible transfer from feed. Thus, the Italian Ministry of Health implemented a monitoring plan. To this aim, nine cannabinoids in beverages and food for human consumption and in feed were determined. The method applied, based on rapid clean-up and LC–MS/MS determination, was previously developed and in-house validated, evaluating the analytical performance in the concentration ranges 2–50 µg/L for beverages, 0.020–0.500 mg/kg for food and 0.100–10.0 mg/kg for feed. Then, it was applied to determine the cannabinoids in 78 food, 16 beverage and 6 feed samples, collected from the Italian market since 2017. The results are herein reported, for evaluation of both product characteristics and compliance to national maximum limits. Some study cases are also described.

This study reports the effects of a structural intervention, ENRICH (Environmental Interventions in Children's Homes) which targeted the physical and social environment within residential children's homes (RCHs) to increase physical activity (PA) among residents (n=799). Participating RCHs (n=29) were randomized to Early (n=17) or Delayed (n=12) groups from 2004 to 2006 and 2006 to 2008, respectively. Children's PA was measured at three time periods (2004, 2006, 2008). Intent-to-treat analysis revealed no intervention impact on PA. Subsequent analyses used process evaluation data to group organizations into high and low PA-promoting RCHs to compare PA level, controlling for assignment to condition. Organizations with high PA-promoting environments were found to have more active youth. Utility of a comprehensive implementation monitoring plan and the need for formative assessment of organizational capacity is discussed.

The Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership, through the Energy & Environmental Research Center, is collaborating with Petroleum Technology Research Centre in site characterization; risk assessment; public outreach; and monitoring, verification, and accounting activities at the Aquistore project. The PCOR Partnership constructed a static geological model to assess the potential volumetric storage capacity of the Aquistore site and provide the foundation for dynamic simulation for the dynamic CO 2 storage capacity. Results of the predictive simulations will be used in the risk assessment process to define an overall monitoring plan and assure stakeholders that the injected CO 2 will remain safely stored.

The Rotterdam Capture and Storage Demonstration Project (ROAD) is an integrated CCS project in the Netherlands that has recently completed the storage permitting process. Development of the monitoring and contingency plans is a key component of this process. Our paper discusses the development of the monitoring and contingency plans, The project is technically relatively simple in comparison to other CO2 storage projects, with a single well penetrating the reservoir and minimum equipment installed on the platform offshore. In spite of this, a most thorough approach to monitoring will be adopted. As new techniques and equipment are developed, these will be included whenever judged appropriate and in addition, provided that these techniques do not add to the complexity associated with operating an offshore, unmanned installation that will be producing hydrocarbons continuously throughout much of the project timeline. Overall, the ROAD traffic light approach promotes transparency and provides the flexibility to adjust the monitoring plan based on data and modelling results becoming available as the project progresses. The philosophy relies on consistency of the monitoring plan and contingency plans with the risk management and closure plans as well as on regular communication with the Competent Authority and stakeholders at every stage of the project.

The CO 2 -Vadose project aims at: (i) understanding the behaviour of CO 2 in the near surface carbonate environment during an induced CO 2 leakage, (ii) assessing numerical simulations associated with CO 2 release experiments, (iii) developing integrated field methodologies to detect and quantify a potential CO 2 leakage. A gas mixture of CO 2 with He and Kr was released in a cavity (9 m 3 , 7 m deep) located in an abandoned limestone quarry in France. Different gas measurement techniques were used to follow the plumes diffuse migrations in the carbonate vadose zone. A first gas release experiment with Ar and He was performed for checking and validating the experimental protocol. Then, the experimental CO 2 and tracers induced leakage was performed to study the gas migration in the vadose zone. The numerical simulations done with COORES™ code, associated with the experiment to describe the plumes extensions, were in good agreement near the source. The results show that CO 2 subsurface leakage can be anticipated thanks to inert gases used as tracers, like He and Kr. As part of a monitoring plan, the detection of noble gas increase could lead to the surveillance of the monitored area with accuracy.

An effective monitoring plan must be site-specific, risk based and adaptive. This paper examines the development of such a CO 2 storage monitoring plan for the offshore North Sea Goldeneye candidate CO 2 storage complex. Significant detail is shown to demonstrate the level of analysis required to mature a CO 2 storage project to a level at which a permit application is possible.

ResumenIntroducciónLas fosfatasas alcalinas (FA) son un grupo de 4 isoenzimas que se producen en diversos tejidos, pudiendo elevarse en condiciones fisiológicas y secundariamente a enfermedades óseas o hepatobiliares. En niños una de las causas más frecuentes e inocuas, pero poco conocidas, es la hiperfosfatasemia transitoria benigna de la infancia (HFTBI). El objetivo es reportar una serie de casos de HFTBI y proponer un criterio de enfrentamiento.Casos clínicosSe presentan 5 niños de entre 11 y 50 meses de edad, 4 de ellos de sexo femenino, con hallazgo incidental de elevación severa (>1.000UI/l) en los niveles de FA en exámenes solicitados por mal incremento pondo-estatural o por cuadros infecciosos. A través de la anamnesis, examen físico y laboratorio básico se descartó enfermedad ósea o hepática. En 2 de los pacientes se determinaron las isoenzimas, destacando el predominio óseo. Se comprobó una normalización de los niveles de FA en un periodo de uno a 6 meses, sin evidencia de complicaciones posteriores.ConclusiónLa HFTBI es un desorden bioquímico benigno de evolución autolimitada, que es importante tener presente al enfrentar un niño menor de 5 años con elevación severa de FA, en ausencia de alteraciones clínicas o de laboratorio que sugieran enfermedad ósea o hepática.AbstractIntroductionAlkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is a group of 4 isoenzymes produced in different tissues. Elevated levels of ALP can be developed under physiological conditions, and can indicate the presence of bone or hepatobiliary diseases. In children, one of its most common harmless causes is benign transient hyperphosphatasaemia (BTH), a little known condition. The objective is to report BTH cases and propose a monitoring plan.Case reportsThe cases of 5 children aged between 11 and 50 months are presented, 4 of them female, with the incidental finding of a sudden and severe ALP elevation (>1,000U/l), in tests ordered due to either abnormal growth and development, or intercurrent infections. Bone and liver disease were ruled out using the patient history, physical examination and basic laboratory results. Isoenzymes levels were determined in 2 patients. A return to normal ALP levels was observed over a period of 1-6 months, with no evidence of further complications.ConclusionBTH is a benign self-limiting biochemical disorder, which should be considered in children under 5 years old with severe ALP elevation in the absence of clinical or laboratory abnormalities suggestive of bone or liver disease.

Vattenfall is considering a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in the North Jutland region of mainland Denmark. The project would involve the post-combustion capture of CO2 from the Nordjyllandsværket coal fired power plant at Aalborg followed by geological storage of the CO2 in a nearby, onshore, saline aquifer within the Vedsted structure. A thorough monitoring plan is considered to be an essential element of the start-up phase of the project based on risk evaluation. This paper describes the first design of such a monitoring plan that was developed for Vattenfall by a team from CO2GeoNet in discussions involving the company and the Danish Geological Survey (GEUS). The monitoring methodologies to be deployed include downhole tools via a monitoring well, 2D and 3D surface seismic for subsurface imaging of the plume, shallow geophysics for the fresh-saline water interface and surface, atmospheric and remote sensing tools for leakage integrity.

International audience; The macrozoobenthos living around two offshore gas platforms, Barbara NW (pB) and Calipso (pC) located in the northwestern Adriatic Sea were investigated for three years after their construction to detect eventual effects due to the platforms. The sampling stations were spaced at increasing distance from the platforms up to 1000 m. Both multivariate and univariate analysis showed an initial defaunation (short-term effect) at pB and within a 120 m radius at pC. A general recovery in terms of abundance, species richness and diversity was observed for the benthic communities after one year. During the third monitoring year a mussel mound developed at both the platforms (longer-term effect) extending up to 30 m from pC, whereas similar soft-bottom communities were found at all the other distances. The geographical position play an important role in the "timing" of the above effects. Moreover, despite the different environmental features, a 3-year monitoring plan can be effective to evaluate the potential impact on benthic communities of offshore gas platforms in the north-central Adriatic Sea.

The aim of the study involved evaluation of the presence of aflatoxin M1 in milk for sale in a specific North West Italian region, Piedmont. The study, conducted from November 2003 to July 2005, was linked to the specific emergency situation which arose due to the climatic conditions during the summer of 2003 which encouraged the development of aflatoxin B1 in items used for animal feed. This in turn led to the transfer of the metabolite, aflatoxin M1, into the milk. In total some 316 milk samples were collected during the commercial phase by the official control bodies and analysed. The analysis involved the use of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with fluorimetric measurement, and purification of the extracts using immunoaffinity columns. The results indicated only 2 non conforming samples (0.6%), with limits higher than those set out in the regulations (0.05 μg L−1). In addition, the analyses revealed, in 5 samples (1.6%), threshold values of 0.05 μg L−1. From the data obtained it can be seen that the “aflatoxins” problem only marginally affected Piedmont Region though the trend for average monthly values suggests a return to the use of contaminated animal feed as soon as official controls are less intensive.

During the year 2000, energy-efficient buildings for low-income students at La Pampa University were designed and constructed. Buildings are located at the centre of La Pampa province, in a temperate semi-arid region of central Argentina Socio-economic, educational and environmental reasons have driven the design. Energy conservation devices, passive solar heating, natural ventilation and solar protection were the main strategies. The resulting design comprises two blocks of apartments with a useful floor area of 700 m 2 and main spaces. Two bedrooms, a dining room and essential services make up each apartment. Solar windows are provided for all main spaces. Northern shading devices and metallic pergolas protect all windows in summer. Once the building was finished, a monitoring plan started on December 2000. This paper shows the results of the thermal and energy behavior of apartments. The evolution of internal temperature was different in each apartment. The consumption of natural gas varied among dwellers, but the volume consumed was lower than that of conventional dwellings. Without extra building cost dwellers live under good higrothermal conditions at 50% of the auxiliary energy consumed by conventional dwellings.

Organic pollutants are nowadays part of our environment and they can be found in every compartment, though in different levels of concentration. Studies which are related to the content of these substances in precipitation deal with very low concentration levels which, nevertheless, cannot be ignored. The city of Trier, with nearly 100,000 inhabitants, is located at the river Moselle, in south–west Germany, and is one of the main centres of the vinicultural area of the Moselle-Saar-Ruwer, where pesticides, among them many fungicides, are widely used. In this study, rain samples were weekly collected, from July 1999 till December 2000, in nine different sites, and two classes of compounds were investigated: PAHs and pesticides, with a particular attention on selected fungicides. Sampling sites were selected in order to evaluate the dispersion of pollutants in relation to their main sources, therefore urban sites were chosen as well as industrial and rural sites. Such a monitoring plan allowed an investigation on the spatial and temporal variation of typology and amount of the detected substances. As a result, urban sites, relatively far from vinicultural areas, showed to be contaminated by pesticides; on the other hand, samples collected in open land areas showed different levels of contamination by PAHs. Pesticides could be detected only during the application time (spring and summer), while PAHs, due to the characteristics of the emitting sources, could be detected during the whole period of monitoring.

Submitted by Carlos Alberto Diogo Soares Borrego (cborrego@ua.pt) on 2012-03-07T15:13:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Atmospheric baseline levels of PCDD_ PCDF in the region of Oporto..pdf: 161371 bytes, checksum: 351c746fb2c38294dfbdaa7ce55dca1d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Nuno Cruz(nuno@ua.pt) on 2012-05-09T09:59:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Atmospheric baseline levels of PCDD_ PCDF in the region of Oporto..pdf: 161371 bytes, checksum: 351c746fb2c38294dfbdaa7ce55dca1d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Nuno Cruz(nuno@ua.pt) on 2012-05-09T10:05:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Atmospheric baseline levels of PCDD_ PCDF in the region of Oporto..pdf: 161371 bytes, checksum: 351c746fb2c38294dfbdaa7ce55dca1d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-09T10:05:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Atmospheric baseline levels of PCDD_ PCDF in the region of Oporto..pdf: 161371 bytes, checksum: 351c746fb2c38294dfbdaa7ce55dca1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001

As part of the UK's National Monitoring Plan (UKNMP) marine sediments have been collected from Scottish coastal and estuarine sites. The samples have been subjected to a total digestion technique and analysed for major (Al and organic carbon) and minor (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, Ni and Hg) elements. Normalization procedures have been used to assess whether the concentrations observed represent background or contaminated levels. It is concluded that trace metal concentrations at offshore sites are at or close to background levels. The Clyde and Forth Estuaries are demonstrated to be the most contaminated areas, trace metal concentrations in these estuaries are shown to be more closely correlated to those of Al than to organic carbon or the

Through the archaelogical investigation in the underground tomb for Amenophis III at Luxor, the severe damage of the ancient paintings and the instability of the underground structure have been found. The authors investigated the precise dimension, joint distribution, and the failure mechanism of the chambers. From the observations at Giza, Saqqara, Luxor, and Aswan, the relation between ancient rock works and fissure distributions has been clarified. The deterioration of the Great Sphinx is being accelerated by recrystallization of salt, slaking near limestone surface, and wind erosion. The authors propose a monitoring plan for objective restoration work.

Purpose of the study This study demonstrates how a participatory action research approach was used to address the challenge of the early and effective detection of the deteriorating patient in the ED setting. The approach enabled a systematic approach to patient monitoring and escalation of care to be developed to address the wide-ranging spectrum of undifferentiated presentations and the phases of ED care from triage to patient admission. This paper presents a longitudinal patient monitoring system, which aims to provide monitoring and escalation of care, where necessary, of adult patients from triage to admission to hospital in a manner that is feasible in the unique ED environment. Methods An action research approach was taken to designing a longitudinal patient monitoring system appropriate for the ED. While the first draft protocol for post-triage monitoring and escalation was designed by a core research group, six clinical sites were included in iterative cycles of planning, action, reviewing and further planning. Reasons for refining the system at each site were collated and the protocol was adjusted accordingly before commencing the process at the next site. Results The ED Adult Clinical Escalation longitudinal patient monitoring system (ED-ACE) evolved through iterative cycles of design and testing to include: (1) a monitoring chart for adult patients; (2) a standardised approach to the monitoring and reassessment of patients after triage until they are assessed by a clinician; (3) the ISBAR (I=Identify, S=Situation, B=Background, A=Assessment, R=Recommendation) tool for interprofessional communication relating to clinical escalation; (4) a template for prescribing a patient-specific monitoring plan to be used by treating clinicians to guide patient monitoring from the time the patient is assessed until when they leave the ED and (5) a protocol for clinical escalation prompted by single physiological triggers and clinical concern. Conclusions This tool offers a link in the ‘Chain of Prevention’ between the Manchester Triage System and ward-based early warning scores taking account of the importance of standardisation, while being sufficiently adaptable for the unique working environment and patient population in the ED.