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This research work is about the synthesis of pyranoquinolone-3carbaldehydes, heterocyclic compounds which were constructed by modifying Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. A leading approach towards green chemistry and successful methodology was devised during this research project for the synthesis of various pyranoquinolone-3-carbaldehydes at low temperature. Some workers reported the synthesis of chromones and chloroquinoline-3carbaldehydes. Interesting aspect of the present work was to successfully utilize two methodologies during a single reaction (one to cyclize a pyran ring and second to insert formyl group) by manipulating the different functional groups attached to the reactants and to construct the desired molecules. In some works, cited during the formylation reaction by using Vilsmeier Haack reagent, halogenated products were reported while in this synthetic study the final products were formylated but nonhalogenated. This methodology is a milestone for the construction of an aldehyde functional group on some parent moieties. The reaction is an example of one pot synthesis. All synthesized compounds were found having several pharmacological characteristics. These derivatives were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, EIMS and elemental (C, H and N) analyses; confirming the synthesis of the labelled products. The reactants used in this research project were synthesized by Gould Jacobs reaction prepared during our last research project as cited [26]. The antibacterial activity of ligands and metal complexes was determined by disc diffusion method using Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus and got excellent results.

The three most common bases for classification are (1) type of organization within the criminal justice system (e.g., police, courts, corrections); (2) underlying theoretical assumptions (e.g., consensus, conflict); and (3) predictor variables (e.g., individual, situational, organizational, community).

AMR (Antimicrobial-resistant) pathogens like MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) have become prodigious peril to human health in the past couple of years with the failure of various antifungals and antibiotics in treating mild to chronic mycoses and septicemia. In the grave concern for the rising contagions, Azo-Schiff Bases with dual functionality and far-ranging pharmacological potential has been considered an excellent target for antimicrobial investigations. A diversity of homocyclic and heterocyclic organic precursors has been utilized for submitting novelty in the Azo-Schiff Base Ligands (ASBLs). In addition, the d-block transition metal chelates of ASBLs with infinitely diverse features have also been synthesized and characterized exploiting the classical and advanced analytical techniques. These resourceful coordination compounds owing to their characteristic polydentate ligands with multiple coordination sites, the geometry of complexes, and redox nature of metal centres are bestowed with the structural tunability to reinvigorate their potential applications. A detailed literature survey divulged that no compendious review has yet been published on ASBL-metal derivatives. Therefore, the present study encompasses the research undertaken during the last two decennia for the development and in vitro antimicrobial screening of these prospective drug agents.

The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was enhanced under visible light when it was co-doped with Fe, Co, and S through the sol-gel method. The resultant nano photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, EDX coupled with SEM, FT-IR, UV–Vis, and UV-DRS. The concentration ratio of precursor salts of Fe and S was kept at 1% each and of Co varied between 0.5% −1.5%. The photodegradation of Congo red was carried out and various factors like the concentration of catalyst, initial concentration of dye, pH, and irradiation time were also investigated to optimize the degradation process. Under optimized degradation conditions, 99.3% of Congo red (30 ppm) was degraded at slightly acidic pH, with 0.14 g of photocatalyst within 70 min of irradiation time.

The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. Thermal results revealed that 0.75% offers superior resistance or stability towards heat compared to its counterparts. In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements.

Herin, we prepared silver NPs using jasmine flower extract. The green synthesis process reports a eco-friendly, nontoxic, cost-effective and simple approach to the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Extract of jasmine flower acts as capping as well as stabilizing agent. The average crystalline size of the XRD pattern is estimated to be 40 nm. FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectra confirm the existence of Ag NPs. The UV-Visible spectrum exhibits an absorption peak of between 380 and 440 nm. Structural analysis for silver nanofibers reveals with SEM and TEM technique. The antimicrobial activity of silver NPs was tested for both grams positive and negative bacteria by Agar well diffusion method. Methylene blue is used as a pollutant dye. Silver nanoparticles result in a maximum degradation efficiency of 78% at the end of 120 min.

Here, we have manufactured extremely porous photoelectrodes comprised of ZnO/TiO2 by adding lignocellulose (LC) fibers extracted from the self-growing plant (Lily) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate using doctor blade technique for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) uses and first-principle calculations were performed for electronic band structures and density of state (DOS). Density functional theory (DFT) results revealed a high conductivity and narrow electronic bandgap after doping with LC. Experimental results showed the effect of the addition of LC in ZnO (ZnO + LC) and TiO2 (TiO2 + LC) on the structure, morphology, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) was studied in detail using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, UV–visible spectroscopy, and solar simulant. The addition of LC in ZnO/TiO2 increases the porosity and surface area for higher dye loading and light-harvesting while decreasing the backward scattering of electrons. These developments result in a 38% increase in PCE of (ZnO + LC) as related to the ZnO based DSSC and a 104% increase in the case of (TiO2 + LC) based DSSC. In this work, we express that the development of highly porous metal oxide nano-composites by mixing LC fibers which may solve the electrolyte leakage issue and enhance the porosity of the photoelectrodes and thus enhance the PCE of DSSCs.

In this article the NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by onion extract (green synthesis) as well as by quercetin (chemical method) which were synthesized successfully. Quercetin is one of the major phytochemical of red onion which was studied separately (as chemical) and in onion extract for the synthesis of NiO NPs. The comparative study shows that quercetin solution works as reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of NiO NPs meanwhile extraction of onion works in the same way. The characterization techniques as like XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM and EDX were used, which shows that the synthesis results of chemical method was better than green synthesis. Antibacterial activity was done through disc diffusion method to observe the sensitivity of bacterial (Staph. Aureus, E.coli) strains.

Electro-responsive devices are used in actuators and artificial muscles but susceptible low deformation limits its applications. Herein, we prepared soft composites from functional multi-wall carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) and plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The PVC/FMWCNTs soft composite assembled with double layer electrodes functioned as a highly flexible contraction actuator. Furthermore, the chemical structure and surface morphology of the PVC/FMWCNTs composites are characterized by using FT-IR, Raman, XRD, and SEM techniques. The deformation of an optimized soft composite in the designed device is found to be 34% under a specified applied voltage. To the best of our knowledge, this contraction deformation value based on flexible PVC/FMWCNTs soft composites is the highest reported value to date. Moreover, the incorporation of FMWCNTs in plasticized PVC resulted in a high elongation at break of about 500%. The obtained results strongly indicated that the electro-stimulated soft composites have promising applications in soft wearable devices, actuators and artificial muscles.

The sulfa drug ligands and their derivatives retain well-thought-out as pre-eminent compounds in the field of synthetic as well as pharmaceutical chemistry. The transition metal complexes of 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)benzene sulfonamide are synthesized by reaction of 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)benzene sulfonamide with metals like Mn(II), Co(II), Fe(II), Fe(III),Cr(III),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II).The synthesized metal complexes of sulfa drugs have been engaged for biological (as anti-bacterial &anti-fungal entities) as well as catalytic activity as example Olefin Polymerization. Due to broad spectrum range, the sulfa drug derived complexes are found to be very imperative in pharmaceutical and medical chemistry. Being borne in mind the worth of sulfa drug based transition metal complexes, the review has recapitulated the synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl) benzene sulfonamide metal complexes.

The issue of recovery of debts is important in the financial institution, the law relating to recovery of debts ’’The Financial Institutions (Recovery of Finances) Ordinance 2001” has many legal lacunae, some of its provisions are inconsistent with Islamic Law hence it requires thorough review and examination from both Shariah and Legal perspective.

The environmental performance of hemp based natural fiber mat thermoplastic (NMT) has been evaluated in this study by quantifying carbon storage potential and CO2 emissions and comparing the results with commercially available glass fiber composites. Non-woven mats of hemp fiber and polypropylene matrix were used to make NMT samples by film-stacking method without using any binder aid. The results showed that hemp based NMT have compatible or even better strength properties as compared to conventional flax based thermoplastics. A value of 63 MPa for flexural strength is achieved at 64% fiber content by weight. Similarly, impact energy values (84–154 J/m) are also promising. The carbon sequestration and storage by hemp crop through photosynthesis is estimated by quantifying dry biomass of fibers based on one metric ton of NMT. A value of 325 kg carbon per metric ton of hemp based composite is estimated which can be stored by the product during its useful life. An extra 22% carbon storage can be achieved by increasing the compression ratio by 13% while maintaining same flexural strength. Further, net carbon sequestration by industrial hemp crop is estimated as 0.67 ton/h/year, which is compatible to all USA urban trees and very close to naturally, regenerated forests. A comparative life cycle analysis focused on non-renewable energy consumption of natural and glass fiber composites shows that a net saving of 50 000 MJ (∼3 ton CO2 emissions) per ton of thermoplastic can be achieved by replacing 30% glass fiber reinforcement with 65% hemp fiber. It is further estimated that 3.07 million ton CO2 emissions (4.3% of total USA industrial emissions) and 1.19 million m3 crude oil (1.0% of total Canadian oil consumption) can be saved by substituting 50% fiber glass plastics with natural fiber composites in North American auto applications. However, to compete with glass fiber effectively, further research is needed to improve natural fiber processing, interfacial bonding and control moisture sensitivity in longer run.