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Objective Group Well-Child Care (GWCC) has been described as providing an opportunity to enhance well-being for vulnerable families experiencing psychosocial challenges. We sought to explore benefits and challenges to the identification and management of psychosocial concerns in Group Well-Child Care (GWCC) with immigrant Latino families. Methods We conducted a case study of GWCC at an urban academic general pediatric clinic serving predominantly Limited English Proficiency Latino families, combining visit observations, interviews, and surveys with Spanish-speaking mothers participating in GWCC, and interviews with providers delivering GWCC. We used an adapted framework approach to qualitative data analysis. Results A total of 42 mothers and 9 providers participated in the study; a purposefully selected subset of 17 mothers was interviewed, all providers were interviewed. Mothers and providers identified both benefits and drawbacks to the structure and care processes in GWCC. The longer total visit time facilitated screening and education around psychosocial topics such as postpartum depression but made participation challenging for some families. Providers expressed concerns about the effects of shorter one-on-one time on rapport-building; most mothers did not express similar concerns. Mothers valued the opportunity to make social connections and to learn from the lived experiences of their peers. Discussions about psychosocial topics were seen as valuable but required careful navigation in the group setting, especially when fathers were present. Conclusions Participants identified unique benefits and barriers to addressing psychosocial topics in GWCC. Future research should explore the effects of GWCC on psychosocial disclosures and examine ways to enhance benefits while addressing the challenges identified.

Several countries insert statutory warnings about the adverse effects of smoking in movie and television (TV) content. This study tests the effectiveness of anti-smoking warnings as a prevention-based stimulus for non-smokers in TV programs. Study 1 (a qualitative study) finds that on-screen smoking can induce viewers to take up smoking. Study 2 tested anti-smoking warnings’ efficacy based on viewers’ smoking habits and finds that warnings are most effective in enabling viewers to resist persuasion when they are non-smokers. Study 3, using an eye-tracking device, examines the role of visual attention in the underlying processes. The proposed model compared four warning timings: no warning, warning prior to the content (PW), warning concurrent with the content (CW), and both warnings (both), which lead viewers to pay attention to the on-screen smoking, influencing critical processing (CP) and attitude toward smoking (ASM). Findings indicate that warning timing has a significant indirect effect on ASM, mediated by attention to the warning and on-screen smoking, and CP. There were no direct effects between warning timings and CP or ASM. Additionally, PW and both demonstrated a significantly higher indirect effect on CP and ASM than CW. As compared to CW, PW and both are more effective at countering the persuasion attempt of on-screen smoking. This study contributes to the literature on statutory warning timings, persuasion knowledge models, and healthcare policy.

Attractive self-interaction processes in antibody formulations increase the risk of aggregation and extraordinarily elevated viscosity at high protein concentrations. These challenges affect manufacturing and application. This study aimed to understand the self-interaction process of Infliximab as a model system with pronounced attractive self-interaction. The association mechanism was studied by a multi-method approach comprising analytical ultracentrifugation, dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, self-interaction bio-layer interferometry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Based on our results, both Fab and Fc regions of Infliximab are involved in self-interaction. We hypothesize a mechanism based on electrostatic interactions of polar and charged residues within the identified areas of the heavy and the light chain of the mAb. The combination of fast and reliable screening methods and low throughput but high resolution methods can contribute to detailed characterization and deeper understanding of specific self-interaction processes.

Low information exchange in global production networks results in long response time to disruption and negative performance impact. Digitalization enables a more intensive information exchange. This paper analyses the performance of order management, quality problem resolution and engineering change management in production networks with respect to different disruptions and information flows. Cause-effect relationships are revealed based on a multi-method simulation model and statistical experiments. Using surrogate modelling and robust optimization, a target picture for information exchange is determined. The benefits of the approach are demonstrated using a case study for the production of metal-plastic parts for the automotive supplier industry.

Individual differences in reward responsiveness can be reliably measured at the neurophysiological level using the reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential (ERP). Alterations in reward responsiveness impact physical and psychological health. In particular, prior research indicates that a reduced RewP prospectively predicts depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether RewP can be modified through intervention or prevention. The present study examined the effects of a brief motivation manipulation on behavioral, neural, and self-report indicators of reward responsiveness in an unselected sample of young adults (N = 98). Participants completed a monetary incentive delay task twice while ERPs to monetary reward and loss feedback were recorded. Before the first round, all participants were read standard instructions. For the second round, participants were randomized to either a motivation manipulation, in which the experimenter prompted the participant to focus on the positive outcomes of winning, or to a neutral condition. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire assessing motivation to win/not lose money following both rounds. Reaction time for incentive trials decreased, while RewP to wins and self-reported motivation increased, from the first to the second round only in the motivation group. These results provide the first evidence that a brief motivation manipulation can enhance multiple indicators of reward responsiveness, including RewP. Longitudinal research is needed to test whether effects persist across time and generalize to clinically depressed samples and those at high risk for depression.

We conducted one field experiment and three controlled experiments to explore how to increase crowdfunding success, focusing on the relationship between individuals soliciting funds and potential contributors. Specifically, we examined how social closeness, contact frequency and trust influenced contribution likelihood and investigated the mediating effects of obligation, fear of loss of relationship and happiness. Finally, we tested whether requesting higher contribution amounts increased the average dollars contributed. We found that closeness and frequency, but not trust, increased the contribution likelihood and that feelings of obligation and the fear of loss, but not happiness, mediated the relationship. Requesting higher contribution amounts increased a person's average contribution.

To fabricate highly complex structures, sacrificial support material is usually needed. However, traditional petroleum-based support materials are un-sustainable, non-recyclable, and difficult to be completely removed from the target structure after 3D processing. Instead, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) gel could serves as an interesting 3D printing support material due to its sustainability, renewability, and potential recyclability. Since CNCs are highly dispersible in water as nanoparticles and are also not UV sensitive, it has less absorption or bondability with other UV curable polymer matrices. This allows them to be completely washed out by water, which offers a green and efficient method to remove the CNC support material during post processing. In addition, with increasing needs for more intricate structures, combining different 3D printing strategies into a hybrid 3D printing platform can be highly beneficial. In this work, a multi-materials-multi-methods (M4) printer with dual direct-ink-write (DIW) and DIW-inkjet printing capability was used to fabricate various complex structures while using CNC as support material. After 3D printing, water was used to remove the CNC support structure. Even in a highly confined environment, such as the inside of a balloon structure, CNC support material was still easily removed. The potential of using sustainable CNC support material and M4 hybrid 3D printing strategies to fabricate different complex structures was demonstrated. Since CNC gel is derived from forestry products and is entirely water based, the 3D printing process was also made more environmentally friendly, sustainable, and potentially recyclable.

Many real-world decision problems consider more than one objective. These objectives usually conflict with each other. In the problem environments, many data and parameters are usually uncertain at the time of planning. So multi-objective optimization combined with uncertainty is a challenging research topic. To deal with the basic search process in such problems, in this paper, a new approach has been proposed that combines multiple population based algorithms under a single algorithm structure. To deal with the uncertainty, a dynamic scenario-based approach is developed and integrated with the search process, in which the number of scenarios is dynamically set during the solution process. This is a new way of solving multi-objective optimization problems under uncertainty. To judge the performance of the proposed approach, we have solved a set of standard test problems without uncertainty and a number of practical problems with uncertainty. The practical problems are the well-known dynamic economic and emission dispatch problems, with different combinations of energy sources. The experimental studies demonstrated that the proposed approach performs better than other well-known algorithms compared in this paper.

The assessment of geochemical Natural Background Levels (NBLs) in groundwater, aims at distinguishing the naturally high levels of geogenic compounds from anthropogenic pollution. This is a fundamental issue in groundwater management, in particular when the concentration of inorganic compounds exceeds the threshold values set for the evaluation of the groundwater chemical status, as requested by environmental regulations. In this paper, we describe a new procedure that integrates the pre-selection method and statistical techniques, using the example of two case studies. The pre-selection aims to identify suitable groundwater samples for the NBLs assessment. The nitrate concentration threshold, for the removal of the groundwater samples affected by human activities, is established locally through different graphical and statistical approaches. Then, the statistical distribution of each compound is analyzed and the outliers are identified. Normality tests on the datasets allow one to select the most appropriate value, e.g. one percentile, to be adopted as NBL within the data distribution. In the selected case studies, we have defined the NBLs for As, F, Mn, Fe and SO4. The two sites are part of a volcanic-sedimentary aquifer in central Italy, where the geochemical background is frequently well above the standards for human consumption. The results of the simple and easily reproducible pre-selection method are strengthened by integration with statistical techniques, notably in selecting the appropriate percentile. New criteria are suggested for the choice of the nitrate threshold to be used for the pre-selection of uncontaminated samples.

The investigation examined the degree to which data from a multi-method, multi-informant teacher evaluation project related to growth in student achievement as measured using the Measures of Academic Progress in high poverty charter schools. Investigators used two classroom observational measures (the Framework for Teaching and the Classroom Strategies Assessment System-Observer form) and two teacher self-report measures (the Instructional Learning Opportunities Guidance System and the Classroom Strategies Assessment System-Teacher form) in 15 high poverty charter schools to assess teacher performance as part of a school reform grant funded by the US Department of Education, Teacher Incentive Fund. Correlational analyses were conducted corresponding to each combination of method, content area, and criterion score type, as well as controlling for grade level. Bivariate correlations were modest and different than those found in previous research, and findings from multiple regression analyses favored different scores based on method and content area.

Ample research has documented that female founders are disadvantaged in entrepreneurship, but few theories explain how their disadvantage carries over into later stages of the entrepreneurial process. We combine evidence from longitudinal matched employer-employee data covering all founders of new ventures with personnel in Portugal between 2002 and 2012 with two online experiments to document a novel source of disadvantage for female founders: employee labor imbalance. We propose that female-founded ventures receive a lower amount of employee labor for equal pay because employees are more likely to decline requests for additional labor by female founders. First, using observational data, we confirm that full-time employees contribute fewer regular hours and less overtime work to female-founded firms. Second, using a series of online experiments, we show that this variation in employee labor across female and male-founded firms is partly motivated by a difference in the employee’s expectations of work demands. Specifically, employees perceive female founders’ requests for additional labor to be unfair and more difficult than expected, and both of these perceptions explain the lower amount of employee labor supplied in female-founded ventures. Overall, our findings uncover a novel mechanism that helps explain the existence of a gender gap in entrepreneurship beyond the entry stage.

Under ongoing global warming due to climate change, heat waves in Australia are expected to become more frequent and severe. Extreme heat waves have devastating impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. A multi-characteristic heat wave framework is used to estimate historical and future projected heat waves across Australia. A Google Earth Engine-based toolkit named heat wave tracker (HWT) is developed, which can be used for dynamic visualization, extraction, and processing of complex heat wave events. The toolkit exploits the public long-term high-resolution climate datasets to developed nine heat wave datasets across Australia for extreme heat wave value analysis. To examine climate change on heat waves and how they vary in time and space, we also explore the probability and return periods of extreme heat waves over a period of 100 years. The datasets, toolkit and findings we developed contribute to global studies on heat waves under accelerated global warming.

Industrial powder coating processes offer a unique object of application for rheometers. Compared to classic coating procedures with liquid materials, powder coating is still a relatively young procedure. First industrial applications date back to the mid-1960s. Since then these applications have considerably increased, which can be mainly attributed to the desire for more environment-friendly coating systems. The powder coating process is dependent on one end on pneumatic conveyance behavior, namely the transport as a dense fluidized phase of powder and the associated bulk solid values, on the other end on bulk polymer behavior to determine and keep constant the curing point at which the applied powder bonds and produces an (ideally) smooth surface. This multivariant process is an ideal object of quality control for the MCR rheometers and two accessories: the Powder Cell and a disposable Plate–Plate Geometry with Peltier heated hood (P-PTD200, H-PTD200). In this work we will show the influence of both artificial aging behavior as well as flow aids on the powder flow properties (collapsed and fluidized) as well as the melting and polymerization steps and show a way to optimize processes utilizing this complex system.

Foresters often find themselves facing economic decisions that are characterized by risk. For understanding and modelling their decisions, as well as tailored policy-making, detailed knowledge on risk attitudes is of upmost importance. However, evidence on foresters' risk attitudes is rare. Therefore, this study aims to provide in-depth knowledge on foresters' risk attitudes. For robust results, we apply two different incentivised online experiments including a Holt and Laury task (HL) and an Eckel and Grossman (EG) task as well as a self-assessment question (SA). The multi-method comparison additionally allows for testing on the consistency of these established risk measurement tasks. Furthermore, we compare foresters' risk attitudes with the well-analysed risk attitudes of farmers. Our results show that foresters are predominantly risk-averse. Self-employed foresters are more risk-averse than self-employed farmers, which should be accounted for when designing adequate policy measures. The analysis of risk attitude measurement methods reveal that the EG values correlate with the HL values across both groups, although risk-aversion coefficients differ in their magnitude. Thus, the two experimental methods are consistent in relative terms, and across occupational groups.

While there is some evidence that review length, review score, and argument frame can impact consumers' perceptions regarding the helpfulness of online consumer reviews, studies have not yet identified the most appropriate levels of such factors in terms of maximizing perceived helpfulness of these reviews. Drawing on Negativity Bias and Cue-Summation theories, we propose a theoretical model that explains online reviews' helpfulness based on specific characteristics of these reviews (i.e., length, score, argument frame). The model is empirically validated using two datasets of online consumer reviews related to products and services from Amazon.com and Insureye.com respectively. We also employ ANOVA analyses to reveal the levels of each of these characteristics that result in maximizing perceived helpfulness of online consumer reviews. Further, we employ an artificial neural network approach to predict the helpfulness of a given review based on its characteristics. Our findings reveal that the most helpful online consumer reviews are those that are associated with medium length, lower review scores, and negative or neutral argument frame. Our results also reveal that there is no major difference between the characteristics of the most helpful online consumer reviews related to products or services. Finally, our findings reveal that the most helpful factor in predicting the helpfulness of an online consumer review is the review length. Theoretical and practical contributions are outlined.

Context Continuous experimentation guides development activities based on data collected on a subset of online users on a new experimental version of the software. It includes practices such as canary releases, gradual rollouts, dark launches, or A/B testing. Objective Unfortunately, our knowledge of continuous experimentation is currently primarily based on well-known and outspoken industrial leaders. To assess the actual state of practice in continuous experimentation, we conducted a mixed-method empirical study. Method In our empirical study consisting of four steps, we interviewed 31 developers or release engineers, and performed a survey that attracted 187 complete responses. We analyzed the resulting data using statistical analysis and open coding. Results Our results lead to several conclusions: (1) from a software architecture perspective, continuous experimentation is especially enabled by architectures that foster independently deployable services, such as microservices-based architectures; (2) from a developer perspective, experiments require extensive monitoring and analytics to discover runtime problems, consequently leading to developer on call policies and influencing the role and skill sets required by developers; and (3) from a process perspective, many organizations conduct experiments based on intuition rather than clear guidelines and robust statistics. Conclusion Our findings show that more principled and structured approaches for release decision making are needed, striving for highly automated, systematic, and data- and hypothesis-driven deployment and experimentation.

Manufacturing systems exhibit two types of synchronization phenomena: logistics and physics. Quantifying synchronization measures for both types have been suggested and it has been shown that both types of synchronization are correlated to the logistics performance of the manufacturing system. Previous studies have indicated that structural properties of the manufacturing network might be central influencing factors triggering synchronization emergence. Synchronizability is a network property widely studied in the complex networks field. It is a common measure to evaluate the stability of synchronization in networks based on its structural properties. The aim of this paper is to explore synchronizability in manufacturing for the first time in order to better understand the impact of structural properties of a network on the emerging synchronization phenomena. We apply a multi-method investigation by triangulating a profound literature analysis, a two-stage discrete-event simulation study and an empirical data analysis of feedback data from industrial practice. Our findings show that synchronizability relates positively to physics and negatively to logistics synchronization. Based on these findings we present first considerations towards a synchronization-oriented design and control of manufacturing systems.

Professional YouTubers are developing a new culture through which they stage health content in pervasive ways. The present article aims to provide a methodological approach to analyse this type of content by adopting a critical perspective in health psychology. To achieve this, we first define our theoretical framework. Second, we formulate a multi-method design combining narrative and visual analyses, as well as automatised linguistic procedures. We then illustrate the potential of our methodology through concrete examples. Implications of this methodology in health psychology are discussed with regard to healthism, a dominant contemporary trend that strongly values the individualised pursuit of health.

Distress tolerance (DT) is a transdiagnostic construct linked to multiple psychiatric disorders. We conducted three studies using different methods to investigate the relationship between DT and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Study 1 found a significant relationship between low DT and more severe BDD symptoms in an adult community sample (N=81). In Study 2, we found a similar relationship between lower DT and greater BDD symptoms in a student sample (N=192). Furthermore, we found a unique relationship between greater BDD symptoms and lower self-reported tolerance of anger and sadness mood induction tasks. Greater BDD symptoms were not significantly associated with lower self-reported tolerance of a fear mood induction task. In Study 3, a clinical sample of individuals with BDD (N=40) reported lower DT than a sample of healthy controls (N=36). Findings suggest that low DT is a broad vulnerability factor related to BDD.

Background\ud There is widespread interest in whether psychosis exists on a continuum with healthy functioning. Previous research has implied that paranoia, a common symptom of psychosis, exists on a continuum but this has not been investigated using samples including both patients and non-patients and up-to-date taxometric methods.\ud \ud Aim\ud To assess the latent structure of paranoia in a diverse sample using taxometric methods.\ud \ud Method\ud We obtained data from 2836 participants, including the general population as well as at-risk mental state and psychotic patients using the P-scale of the Paranoia and Deservedness Scale. Data were analysed using three taxometric procedures, MAMBAC, MAXEIG and L-MODE (Ruscio, 2016), and two sets of paranoia indicators (subscales and selected items from the P scale), including and excluding the patient groups.\ud \ud Results\ud Eleven of the twelve analyses supported a dimensional model. Using the full sample and subscales as indicators, the MAMBAC analysis was ambiguous. Overall, the findings converged on a dimensional latent structure.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud A dimensional latent structure of paranoia implies that the processes involved in sub-clinical paranoia may be similar to those in clinical paranoia.

How might researchers better understand the variations in creative learning in and across classrooms? This article addresses this question. We introduce a multi-method approach that we used to explore the more dynamic features of creative learning in ten elementary classrooms. The ten classrooms were first classified into one of three groups (positive, negative, and null), based on the relationship between students’ (N = 204) measured creativity and academic achievement (average positive r = 0.52; average negative r = −0.23; and average null r = 0.02). Next, we analyzed observed teacher and student behaviors in each classroom. We found different patterns of behavior based on classroom classifications. Teachers in classrooms with a positive association between creativity and academic achievement tended to demonstrate more caring behaviors toward students and to provide more emotional support to students. We also found that teacher behaviors associated with encouraging creativity in the classroom were associated with students’ positive engagement, self-expression, and ideation (regardless of classroom type). Finally, we used a micro-level interactional analysis to visually illustrate patterns of interactions between teachers and students in three different classroom classifications. We found more extended and exploratory interactions in the positive association classroom, whereas the negative association classroom was characterized by more directive and rapidly closing patterns of interaction and the null association classroom tended to have patterns of interaction that left students’ ideas suspended and lacked exploration, development or refinement of ideas. We close by discussing how the use of blended methodologies, like the one demonstrated in this article, can be further refined and developed in subsequent research to explore and understand the more dynamic features of creative thought and action in classroom settings.

Purpose: The transition from linear to circular product systems is a big step for any organization. This may require an organization to change the way it does business, designs product and manages ...

Researchers have used audit studies to provide causal evidence of racial discrimination for nearly 60 years. Although audits are an excellent methodological tool to investigate the “what,” “where,” and “when” aspects of racial-ethnic discrimination, audits are less appropriate, by themselves, to investigate the “how” and “why” aspects of racial-ethnic discrimination. In this article, I review why audit studies are necessary to study racial-ethnic discrimination, the evidence from audit studies, and their limitations. I then argue that scholars should adopt a multimethod approach to audit studies to move from documenting the existence of racial-ethnic discrimination to examining how and why racial-ethnic discrimination occurs. Adoption of this multimethod approach will result in a deeper understanding of racial-ethnic discrimination with the potential to shape both opinions and policy surrounding discrimination.

Background Providing palliative care for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is challenging and professionals caring for people with ID often received limited training in palliative care. Objective To gain insight into the implementation and sustainment of palliative care innovations, originally developed for the general palliative care population, in organizations for people with ID. Methods A multi-method evaluation was performed of nine implementation projects concerning three palliative care innovations. Methods included document analyses of project proposals and reports, group interviews with project managers and professionals, and a questionnaire completed by projects managers. Factors influencing implementation were categorized using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results The three innovations were applicable in organizations for people with ID, although some adaptations had been made. Implementation activities were focussed on training, cooperation and dissemination of the innovation. Influencing factors were mostly related to the inner setting of the organization, including management support and available resources. Five of the nine project managers were not sure if the innovation was sustained properly within their organization. Conclusions Innovations originally developed for use in the general palliative care population can be successfully implemented in organizations for people with ID, although adaptation to the specific care setting might be necessary.

The purpose of this inquiry was to explore Canadian competitive athletes' perspectives on their mental health care experiences using a sequential multi-method design. The overarching aims of the study were to explore athletes' self-reported reasons for seeking mental health care, their awareness of their clinician's knowledge of sport, and the importance they placed on their clinician having knowledge of the sport context. A sequential mixed methods design was employed in which two studies were conducted to address these aims. In study one, 70 current and former Canadian athletes completed a short survey assessing basic demographics, athletes' reasons for seeking treatment, and the importance they placed on their clinician having sport knowledge for effective care. In study two, ten athletes participated in individual semi-structured interviews in which similar topics were explored. Fifty-six percent of surveyed athletes reported that their clinicians' knowledge of sport did not impact their treatment experience, however only 29% reported being aware of their clinician having such knowledge. Thematic analysis of the interview data suggested that the connectedness of athletes' mental health issues and sport participation played a role in the importance they placed on their clinician having sport knowledge. Key components of a successful therapeutic alliance included the clinician validating the importance of sport, normalizing athlete mental health challenges, and understanding the demands of the competitive sport culture. Conclusions of this inquiry include that assessing how inter-related an athlete perceives their mental health challenges and sport participation to be, and demonstrating an understanding of the importance of sport in competitive athletes' lives, are likely helpful strategies in working clinically with this population even if a clinician does not have specific experience with the sport context.

Excavations of a peri-abandonment deposit at Cahal Pech, a Classic Maya center in the Upper Belize Valley, showed an increase in Mount Maloney Black (MMB) ceramics compared with earlier Terminal Classic contexts. This change is intriguing because the type is closely associated with Xunantunich, a nearby political center. To explore the causes of this change, we characterized a sample of MMB sherds to identify their origins as a proxy for underlying regional interactions. We sampled MMB sherds from four locations: the peri-abandonment deposit, two peripheral localities in the Cahal Pech polity, and the Xunantunich epicenter. In total, 89 sherds were characterized, both for paste, using neutron activation analysis (NAA), and for slip composition, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The NAA study indicated that MMB sherds from Cahal Pech were produced locally, and included a paste group previously identified with Preclassic contexts at Cahal Pech, over a millennium earlier. The slip study was augmented by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy, which provided additional information on the colorants, particle sizes, and homogeneity. The study expanded to include comparative characterization of a fine ware black slipped pottery type from a site north of the Belize Valley as a control. MMB slip recipes vary sufficiently to provide differentiation between recipes, and they partially pattern by locality. We conclude that the observed ceramic change likely relates to a narrowing, not an expansion, of exchange networks. This multi-method study, unique in the Maya lowlands, provides insight into ceramic production and exchange and charts new research directions.

H2Ti12O25 nanorods are successfully prepared via hydrothermal reaction following heat treatment at 260 °C. The D50 value and surface area of H2Ti12O25 nanorods are 0.186 μm and 35.0637 m2 g−1, respectively. For comparison, Bulk-H2Ti12O25 are also prepared by milling assisted soft-chemical method, and the D50 value and surface area of Bulk-H2Ti12O25 are 0.274 μm and 4.3213 m2 g−1, respectively. The electrochemical tests show H2Ti12O25 nanorods deliver higher reversible capacity of 191.3 mAh g−1 (1C) after 100 cycles, 150.5 mAh g−1 (10C) and 132.1 mAh g−1 (20C) after 200 cycles, while for Bulk-H2Ti12O25, its reversible capacity is only 171.2 mAh g−1 (1C) after 100 cycles, 113.7 mAh g−1 (10C) and 83.3 mAh g−1 (20C) after 200 cycles. Meanwhile, H2Ti12O25 nanorods exhibit better rate performance at all rates compared with Bulk-H2Ti12O25. The higher discharge/charge capacity and cycling stability at high discharge/charge rate powerfully suggests that H2Ti12O25 nanorods hold great potential as high rate anode material for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.

Pragmatic approach with deductive and inductive theorizing of coping with IT events.Multi-method with two studies: a critical incident study and an experiment to study the temporal sequence of coping with IT events.Responses include negative emotions, external attributions, and engagement coping, and learning can occur as accident as a result of the latter.Eventually, users switch to a disengagement coping strategy.Primary and secondary appraisals of events are not concurrent but sequential. Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies - a critical incident study and an experiment - serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users' efforts may result in 'accidental' learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.

This five-site study was performed to assess the reproducibility of ceftaroline MIC and disk results for Staphylococcus aureus. Three commercial broth microdilution, three gradient diffusion and ceftaroline 5μg disk diffusion methods were compared to a reference broth microdilution method against challenge isolates (n = 41) and isolates collected at four European sites (n = 30/site). For four MIC methods (Sensititre and three gradient diffusion methods), 99.0% of consolidated MIC results were within +/- 1 dilution of the reference MIC. Categorical agreement rates based on EUCAST breakpoints for the challenge isolates were 75.6-100% and for disk testing were 78.0-92.7%. There was no clear distinction between isolates with MIC results of 1 and 2mg/L with regard to variation in MIC or molecular genotyping results. The addition of an intermediate category for isolates with MIC results of 2mg/L would help to identify these isolates as borderline susceptible/non-susceptible isolates.

The goal of this study is to provide a multi-method based on the eco-thermodynamic framework to examine the environmental sustainability of urban public transportation systems. Urban transportation metabolism (UTM), as a metaphor of urban systematic research methodology for transportation system, has been proposed and combined with life cycle assessment (LCA). Results show that the most important factors in assessing the acceptability of a transportation system are not only the direct fuel consumption, and the energy and material costs of the vehicles, but also the energy and materials costs for the upstream and downstream side of the infrastructure construction and vehicle fuel.

Natural colloid properties and the impact of human activities on these properties are important considerations for studies seeking to understand the fate and transport of pollutants. In this study, the relationship between size and fluorescence properties of natural colloids from 4 different sources were quantified using a multi-method analytical approach including UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, flow field flow fractionation (FlFFF) coupled online to fluorescence spectrometer, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results indicate that colloids from pristine natural river water have higher aromaticity and humification, higher fluorescent intensity, and smaller size compared to those from the rivers impacted by livestock. The majority of colloids are smaller than 10nm in size as measured by AFM and FlFFF. Colloid size measured by FlFFF coupled to fluorescence spectroscopy increases in the order peak C (Ex/Em at 300-340/400-460 nm)

Multiple perspectives of measuring engagement (i.e., student-, teacher-, and observer-report) were used to describe the contributions of engagement during mathematics instruction on fifth graders' (N = 387) social skills and achievement. Students completed questionnaires on their mathematics engagement. Teachers completed questionnaires on students' engagement and social skills. Researchers observed student engagement during math lessons. Students' scores on a standardized test were used to assess mathematics achievement. All three approaches to measuring engagement were significantly associated with students' social skills in math class. Teacher-reported student engagement and observer-reported student engagement were significantly associated with students' mathematics achievement, but student-reported engagement was not significantly associated with achievement. Moderation analyses revealed that associations between math engagement and outcomes were no different for boys than girls. Findings are useful when considering ways to identify engagement and promote social interactions and achievement during mathematics instruction.

This paper proposes a flexible multi-method simulation model in order to implement and validate a novel approach for semiconductor facility. The model combines discrete event and agent based simulation methods. The general framework of the model includes two main agents which are lot and tool group. The process inside the tool group agents is using discrete event simulation. The model is developed based on real semiconductor manufacturing process data and is re-usable since external data are read from external files. A set of experiments on real-world data illustrate the performance of the model on extracting relevant information, detecting critical problems in manufacturing processes and so applying new objectives and strategies. Two scenarios in which lots of one product type are accelerated are discussed and compared.

Assessing mathematical literacy of students who have limited proficiency in the language of the test is a critical challenge in mathematics education. Previous research indicates that knowledge and competencies of such students are underestimated. This presents a major validity and fairness problem for assessment. Most efforts addressing fairness and validity issues in assessment of linguistic minority students focus on the test language only. To overcome limitations of single approaches, we examine in this study the interaction between the test language and the student language background by means of multiple methods. Thus, we investigate possible linguistic bias of items flagged as functioning differentially (the result of DIF analyses) by means of (a) two levels of expert analyses and (b) student think-aloud protocols to investigate language effects in published mathematics items from the 2000 to 2003 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) administration for students attending French schools in Canada and speaking either French or other languages at home. DIF analyses were conducted to identify items on which students from different home language backgrounds attending French schools achieve differently. The expert panels tended to identify surface characteristics of language that may be responsible for group differences but not for the differential effects detected by differential item functioning (DIF). Student think-aloud protocols in part confirm and in part contradict DIF results, providing insights for the source of the differences. Suggestions are provided for further study.

It is well established that many female sexual trauma survivors experience dissociation, particularly disconnection from the body, in the aftermath of sexual trauma. This study aims to address the open question of how sexual trauma is associated with awareness of inner body sensations (i.e., interoception). Given the important role that interoception has in emotion regulation, a process with which survivors often struggle, it is important to understand the associations between interoception and PTSD symptoms among survivors. Through multi-methods, we assessed associations between interoception, dissociation, and PTSD symptoms among 200 female sexual trauma survivors. We assessed two components of interoception: interoceptive accuracy (IAc: accurately perceiving internal body sensations; via heartbeat perception task) and interoceptive sensibility (IS: self-report perception of sensitivity to interoceptive sensations). We hypothesized that IAc and IS would be positively correlated with PTSD, with interactions between IAc/dissociation and IS/dissociation qualifying those main effects, weakening them for survivors with higher dissociation. Results showed an opposite pattern than was predicted: although IAc did explain significant PTSD variance, as IAc increased, PTSD decreased. Although IAc did explain significant variance in PTSD symptoms, interestingly, IS did not. Consistent with extant literature, dissociation predicted significant variance in PTSD. These correlational results suggest that the ability to more accurately perceive inner body sensations is related to lower PTSD symptoms. Findings provide a foundation for future research that can assess if interventions (such as yoga or exercise) that target increasing interoceptive accuracy lead to decreases in PTSD symptoms. We discuss further clinical implications, limitations and future directions.

This work refines surface registration methods for metrological datasets to improve the multi-method qualification accuracy of additively manufactured (AM) lattices. Datasets acquired from X-ray computed tomography and a coordinate measurement machine of an AM lattice were aligned using derived geometry datum features based on a theoretical supplemental surface definition, which has been established in recent draft standards, but has had limited examination using complex AM structures. A refined sampling registration approach for lattice geometry based on spatially-dependent subsampling is derived and shown to statistically decrease variation between measurement sources. This importance of well-defined sampling practice and definition is highlighted. The applicability of this approach for multi-method qualification of complex AM parts is discussed. This work lays the foundation of utilizing specifications under consideration in a new standard with possible verification techniques that can be employed.

Understanding the determinants of consciousness is crucial for theories that see it as functionally adaptive, and for explaining how consciousness affects higher-level cognition. The invention of continuous flash suppression (CFS), a long-duration suppression technique, resulted in a proliferation of research into the process of prioritization for consciousness. We developed a new technique, repeated masked suppression (RMS), that facilitates the measurement of long suppression times, but relies on different visual principles. RMS enables a theoretical leap: It allows scientists to examine the central process of prioritization across different suppression methods. In five experiments (n = 282) we collected chronometric RMS and CFS data, finding that the previously reported face inversion effect and the face priority-dimension generalize beyond CFS. Our results validate the use of multi-method designs in the study of prioritization for consciousness. Furthermore, we show how RMS could be used online to reach diverse samples, previously beyond the reach of consciousness science.

Responsive regulation (RR) theory posits that effective regulators enforce compliance by escalating penalties only if persuasion fails, otherwise risking formation of a culture of resentment. Using RR theory as a lens, we examine the interactions between large audit firms and the PCAOB during the initial years of PCAOB regulation, when annually-inspected auditors utilized negative tone within their inspection response letters to express public disagreement with their inspection reports. Consistent with our expectations, we find that negative tone within response letters is positively associated with (1) future Part I inspection findings that result in a restatement of a client’s financial statements and (2) the likelihood that Part II of a future inspection report will be publicly disclosed. We triangulate these results and the underlying theory in semi-structured interviews of eight PCAOB inspectors and six audit partners involved in these early interactions between the largest firms and the PCAOB. Consistent with RR theory, the PCAOB viewed public disagreement as indicators of noncompliance, incorporated public disagreement into subsequent inspections, and escalated penalties for noncompliance. Contrary to RR theory’s prescriptions, the PCAOB did not use persuasion as a first reaction to noncompliance. In response, the firms stopped publicly disagreeing, but may have formed a culture of resentment toward the PCAOB.

Introduction: Although the relations between constructs related to impulsivity and substance use disorders (SUDs) are well established, recent research suggests that changes in impulsivity may be an important mechanism in the recovery process. However, this evidence is primarily based on studies that have examined the relation between changes in impulsivity and substance involvement across the span of several years using self-report measures; thus, it is unclear if these changes are linked across shorter time intervals or extend to behavioral methods of assessment. Methods: Using prospective data from 43 participants (mean age = 35.06; 60% female) enrolled in residential substance abuse treatment, the extent to which seven facets of impulsivity (i.e., questionnaire-assessed delay discounting, lack of perseverance, lack of planning, negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, and behaviorally-assessed inhibitory control) changed across approximately 4 weeks of treatment was examined. Results: Dependent group t-tests suggested significant reductions in negative urgency and lack of planning, and significant improvements in inhibitory control. Conclusions: Findings indicate that specific impulsivity facets show change across relatively short time frames and suggest nonspecific effects of residential treatment on levels of impulsivity. These results inform the functional relation between facets of impulsivity and substance involvement and have implications for assessment and treatment approaches for SUDs.

We investigate the joint effect of managers’ self-inclusive language (SIL) and performance news on investors’ reactions to accounting disclosures. We identify two types of SIL: individual SIL, which includes first-person singular pronouns (e.g., I, me) and collective SIL, which includes first-person plural pronouns (e.g., we, us). When performance news is negative, individual SIL implies that a manager is claiming sole responsibility for the unfavorable event whereas collective SIL and SEL diffuse responsibility. Therefore, we predict higher perceptions of manager credibility for individual SIL relative to collective SIL or self-exclusive language (SEL) when performance news is negative, which, in turn, increase investment judgments. We use a between-subjects experiment to test our predictions. Results show higher perceptions of manager credibility and higher investment judgments for individual SIL relative to collective SIL or SEL when performance news is negative. Results of a maximum likelihood estimation suggest that perceptions of manager credibility mediate the effect of individual SIL on investment judgments, supporting the notion that individual SIL exerts an indirect effect on investment judgments. We supplement experimental evidence with an analysis of managers’ SIL in a large sample of earnings conference calls. We document a positive (negative) market reaction to individual (collective) SIL when performance news is negative, consistent with our hypothesis. We also find a positive market reaction to individual SIL when news is positive. Overall, our study offers multi-method evidence of the impact of a subtle and easily overlooked component of managers’ language on investors’ judgments.