Search

Summary Purpose Open surgical release of posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) has been well defined in literature with different surgical approaches. In this retrospective study, we aimed to present outcomes of endoscopic assisted retrograde release of posterior interosseous nerve. Methods From 2015 to 2017, 10 patients with radial tunnel syndrome and concomitant lateral epicondylitis treated endoscopic assisted retrograde posterior interosseous nerve release. Results Mean follow-up time was 24,6 months. Eighty percent of the patients had excellent and good results in final follow-up using the Roles and Maudsley criteria. All of patients but one were satisfied from the surgery in terms of the symptom relief and improved functional state. Conclusion Our study showed that our endoscopic assisted technique could be a good alternative to open techniques. Complication rate of this new technique was similar to open techniques.

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the U.S. government passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act on March 27, 2020, creating the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), among others, to aid small businesses and their employees. Most PPP loans were administered by commercial banks in return for fees, and the banks bore little monitoring costs or risks, since PPP loans were forgivable by the government. I analyze if PPP loans of up to $1 million were net substitutes or complements for conventional small business loans of the same size for the PPP-issuing banks. The $1 million upper bound roughly corresponds to credits to the smallest firms that are often financially constrained. Using Call Report data through 2020:Q4, I find significant net complementarities. An additional dollar of PPP credit of up to $1 million had multiplier effects on conventional loans to the smallest firms of about an extra dollar.

Interpreting high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of complex samples is investigated by the use of real valued parallel and nonparallel genetic algorithm based on stochastic search procedure. The population-centric crossover operators were used in real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) based on some probability distributions. This paper also presents parallel genetic algorithms computations with different genetic immigration operators. Different results were found with respect to the problems, even at the different stages of the genetic process in the same problem. It is observed that the grid and centralized type genetic immigration (island models) were effective on the global optimization. The parallel and non-parallel algorithms were also applied for solving some multi-modal test problems. It is found that the island models achieve superior performance on multi-modal test problems and on deconvolution of complex NMR spectra.

A global search technique for curve fitting based on evolutionary random search was modified and applied for quantifying a combination of Gaussian and Lorentzian peaks. This stochastic search procedures based on randomized operators is a modified Monte Carlo method. The proposed method tested on self obtained several overlapped Lorentzian peaks with random noise, Lennard particles in three dimensions and discrete mathematical functions previously used for optimization in literature. It was found to be the proposed method is suitable for complex and large scale optimization. The results of the new method have been compared with those obtained by two peak fitting programs. Developed method was found to be very fast and thus it is time saving.

We present a general maximum likelihood based framework to handle the endogeneity problem in the stochastic frontier models. We implement Monte Carlo experiments to analyze the performance of our estimator. Our findings show that our estimator outperforms standard estimators that ignore endogeneity.