6 results on '"Nathaniel Bensoussan"'
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2. Hydrology and circulation in a coastal area off Marseille: Validation of a nested 3D model with observations
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Ivane Pairaud, Pierre Garreau, J. Gatti, Nathaniel Bensoussan, and Romaric Verney
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Flood myth ,Stratification (water) ,Westerlies ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Nested set model ,Salinity ,Mediterranean sea ,Downwelling ,Climatology ,Bay ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Geology - Abstract
A high resolution 3D coastal ocean model has been applied to the forecast of the oceanic circulation off Marseille (from the Rhone River to the Cap Sicie). The realistic numerical simulations were forced by the Rhone River, meteorological fields and by the surrounding general circulation. A lot of observations providing the stratification and currents in the area were acquired at moorings and from vessel cruises during the last decade. In order to validate the nested forecasting system, quantitative comparisons between observations and model results were performed for the years 2007 and 2008. Statistics over long time series of temperature at moorings were computed to show the model skills in capturing the monthly to seasonal variability of the thermal structure. The comparison also demonstrated the model's ability to reproduce the observed features over the shelf, like the warming or cooling of the sea due to upwelling and downwelling events. The model also reproduced an intrusion of the Rhone River plume observed into the southern bay of Marseille during a flood event, inducing a salinity decrease at the Frioul station under westerlies and south-easterlies. Hence, although the wind constrains the coastal circulation, the general circulation is also of great influence, with intrusions of the Northern Current from the south of the domain observed and reproduced by the model in winter, due to the penetration of meanders over the narrow eastern part of the shelf. This process was better reproduced by the nested high resolution model than by the North Western Mediterranean Sea model. The nested model was also found to be more suitable to reproduce the plumes of diluted pollutants emanating from coastal discharges.
- Published
- 2011
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3. Suivis temporels comparés de la structure thermique d'eaux côtières libanaises (Batroun) et françaises (Marseille) entre juin 1999 et octobre 2002
- Author
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Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, Jean-Claude Romano, Nathaniel Bensoussan, and Milad Fakhri
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Global and Planetary Change ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences - Abstract
Resume Entre juin 1999 et octobre 2002, des profils thermiques d'eaux cotieres ont ete realises (au moins mensuellement) en deux points de la Mediterranee, un dans le bassin oriental (Batroun, Liban ; 0–100 m) et un autre dans le bassin occidental (Marseille, France ; 0–55 m). Dans les deux sites, saisonnalite des traces thermiques et formation de la thermocline sont tres semblables. En revanche, a profondeur comparable, les temperatures sont plus elevees au Liban de 4 a 5 °C, et la thermocline estivale est plus longue (au moins six mois), permanente et plus profonde (40–50 m) qu'a Marseille (20–30 m), ou elle disparait frequemment en saison chaude, lors des refroidissements brusques consecutifs aux vents de nord-ouest. Cette specificite est due principalement aux differences entre les regimes de vents dominants sur les deux cotes. Documentant l'evolution temporelle d'eaux cotieres representatives au niveau regional des bassins mediterraneens, perennisee, cette observation couplee peut contribuer a apporter des enseignements sur des tendances a long terme et leurs consequences dans le cadre du rechauffement global de la Mediterranee. Pour citer cet article : M. Abboud-Abi Saab et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).
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- 2004
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4. Importance du choix des échelles de temps pertinentes pour l'étude du fonctionnement d'écosystèmes marins littoraux
- Author
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Jean-Claude Romano, Bouazza El-Haikali, Michel-Guy Lafont, and Nathaniel Bensoussan
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Global and Planetary Change ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences - Abstract
Resume Des enregistrements semi-continus (1/30 min) de parametres physico-chimiques ( T , S , OD et pH) ont ete realises de 1998 a 2000, a 1,50 m de profondeur dans des eaux littorales mediterraneennes (Marseille), associes a des enregistrements d'irradiance et de vitesse et direction du vent. Les donnees physico-chimiques ont ete traitees pour en synthetiser l'information a differentes echelles de temps (inter-annuel, saisonnier, quotidien et horaire) et, en particulier, examiner la reponse des parametres semi-conservatifs OD et pH aux variables hydroclimatiques. A l'echelle de la journee, des variations circadiennes importantes resultent d'une activite biologique variant avec l'eclairement, avec un fort couplage OD–pH. La reflexion menee sur ces donnees peut contribuer a la definition d'enregistreurs automatiques, outils d'avenir pour l'observation des eaux cotieres. Pour citer cet article : N. Bensoussan et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).
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- 2004
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5. Seasonal and interannual variations (1996–2000) of the coastal waters east of the Rhone river mouth as indicated by the SORCOM series
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Denise Arlhac, Jean-Claude Romano, Michel-Guy Lafont, Nathaniel Bensoussan, and Walid A.N Younes
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long term observation ,0106 biological sciences ,Panache de dilution ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Population ,Rhône ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,salinity ,Salinité ,Mediterranean sea ,dilution plume ,Observation à long terme ,River mouth ,medicine ,14. Life underwater ,Transect ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,education.field_of_study ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,Plume ,Rhone river ,Salinity ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,fluorescence ,Bloom - Abstract
Between 1996 and 2000, 79 cruises have been achieved following always the same transect between Marseilles and the Rhone river's mouth. While cruising, salinity, temperature and fluorescence of surface waters (1.5 m) were recorded every minute, in association with precise GPS position. The whole set of data. (i.e. 128 measured points per cruise) constitutes the Sorcom series whose synthetic results ate presented here. Despite the high spatial and temporal. variability encountered between two successive cruises, the regularity and duration of the sampling strategy permitted to define coherent spatial zonation and temporal evolutions. In the Cape Couronne vicinity the dynamic of the eastern extension of the dilution plume clearly changes. Westward, waters are frequently under its influence, but more sporadically to the east, with a less pronounced gradient. In few cases, salinity lowering has been measured up to the gulf of Marseilles. In these two areas, which can be divided in two sub zones, seasonal evolutions are different. In the eastern area (Cape Couronne-Marseilles), the classical rhythm prevailing over marine waters is observed but with earlier phytoplanktonic bloom than usually reported. In the western part, and as getting closer to the Rhone river mouth, a weaker seasonal variability is observed for the phytoplanktonic biomass then salinity and temperature differences remain high. The better knowledge of the eastern dilution plume is of important socio-economical concern due to the numerous population living on this coast and the presence of pollutants in the river waters., Entre 1996 et 2000, toujours selon le même trajet entre Marseille et l’embouchure du Rhône, soixante dix neuf missions ont été conduites. Le navire en route, toutes les minutes sont réalisées dans les eaux de surface (1,5 m) des mesures de salinité, température, fluorescence ainsi qu’un positionnement GPS. L’ensemble de ces données (soit 128 points de mesure par sortie) constitue la série Sorcom dont la synthèse de ces résultats est présentée ici. Malgré la forte variabilité spatiale et temporelle pouvant se manifester d’une sortie à l’autre, la stratégie de l’étude et sa durée permettent de dégager une zonation spatiale et des évolutions temporelles. C’est au voisinage du Cap couronne que se situe un changement net dans la dynamique d’extension, vers l’est, de l’influence du Rhône. A l’ouest, les eaux sont en quasi-permanence sous cette influence et plus sporadiquement vers l’est, avec un gradient moins marqué, mais dans certains cas une dessalure peut être détectée jusqu’à Marseille. Dans ces deux parties, chacune pouvant être découpée en deux sous zones, les évolutions saisonnières sont différentes. Si dans la partie est (cap Couronne–Marseille) on retrouve le rythme classique des eaux marines (avec une première poussée phytoplanctonique plus précoce que ce qui est reporté habituellement), la partie ouest (cap Couronne–Rhône) voit se mettre en place, au fur et à mesure que l’on se rapproche de l’embouchure, une plus faible variabilité inter saisonnière pour la biomasse phytoplanctonique alors que les écarts de salinité et surtout de température restent importants. La connaissance de la branche est de dilution des eaux du Rhône, sans doute moins étudiée car ne correspondant pas à la direction privilégiée du panache, revêt une importance socio-économique particulière du fait de la population qui vit sur cette côte et de la présence, dans les eaux du fleuve, d’un cortège de polluants amenés par le drainage du bassin versant.
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- 2003
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6. Anomalie thermique dans les eaux du golfe de Marseille durant l’été 1999. Une explication partielle de la mortalité d’invertébrés fixés ?
- Author
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Jean-Claude Romano, Denise Arlhac, Nathaniel Bensoussan, and Walid A.N Younes
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Mediterranean climate ,Ecology ,ved/biology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Environmental factor ,Atmospheric sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Water column ,Mediterranean sea ,Benthic zone ,medicine ,Paramuricea clavata ,Thermocline ,Surface water ,Geology - Abstract
During summer 1999, a massive mortality of attached benthic invertebrates was reported at several points along the French Mediterranean coast, east of the Rhone River. Such a wide geographical extension suggested the occurrence of a climatic anomaly as a direct or an indirect cause of this phenomenon. The systematic observations of surface water temperature (1 record/30 min) and vertical thermal structure from 0 to 55 m (semi-monthly frequency) performed by the service of observation of centre d’oceanologie de Marseille since 1994 in the Gulf of Marseilles (northwestern Mediterranean) compared with historical data obtained for the summer periods (June till October) indicates a thermal anomaly during summer 1999. Although the surface temperatures do not strictly show exceptional values, the stability during long periods of high temperatures (24.1 °C ± 0.5 in September, n = 1 018) and the thermal structure of the water column are remarkable. The vertical temperature profiles of 1999 reflect a general warming of 2–3 °C in the water layer overlying the thermocline, accompanied by its deepening (up to 30–40 m). This situation can be explained by the scarcity of NW winds with a marked drop of their relative frequency during July and October 1999 (13–27 % versus 42 %, mean value calculated from the previous 12 years) and the short duration of these windy periods (between 30 min and 5 h as a mean). Parallel to this, a large number of no wind registrations (125–250 h/month as a mean) were observed during this period. A similar thermal stratification, of lesser amplitude, associated with comparable meteorological conditions was also observed in 1997. The hypothesis that this summer 1999 temperature anomaly could constitute a partial explanation for the recorded massive mortality is discussed.
- Published
- 2000
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