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The Hawkes process is a self-exciting simple point process. In this paper, we study the Moderate Deviation Principle for multivariate Hawkes processes on the large time regimes.

In this paper, we study a general dynamic contagion process that includes several standard point processes as special cases. We have developed (i) the corresponding large deviation principle; (ii) the corresponding law of large numbers; (iii) the corresponding central limit theorem, all of which are critical in describing the essential of this type of processes, and are not available in current literature. The proposed model provides a broader framework in the study of contagion processes in various applications. In particular, we obtain the finite-horizon and infinite-horizon ruin probability asymptotics for the risk model with marked dynamic contagion claim arrivals as an application.

Highlights • First reporting of the sedative quality of pethidine in combination with midazolam in healthy cat. • Intravenous injection of pethidine-midazolam was associated with transient elevation of plasma histamine concentration but self-limiting in healthy cat. • The pethidine-midazolam can provide short duration of sedation without obvious side effects in healthy cat., Pethidine is a synthetic opioid that is widely used in cats. However, the sedative, cardiorespiratory, and histaminic effects following administration of pethidine with midazolam in cats remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare changes before and after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration of pethidine with midazolam in healthy cats. In this prospective randomized blind study, 12 cats were assigned equally to either the IV or IM treatment group. The IV group received pethidine 3 mg/kg and midazolam 0.1 mg/kg. The IM group received pethidine 6 mg/kg and midazolam 0.2 mg/kg. The sedative effects, heart rate, respiratory rate, non-invasive arterial blood pressures, and behavioral signs were recorded before and at 2, 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after the injection. Blood samples were taken for an ELISA histamine assay at baseline and at 5 and 15 min after treatment. Cats that received IV treatment were rapidly induced a moderate degree of sedation but those received IM treatment were only mildly sedated. There was no significant difference in the cardiorespiratory values within and between the treatments over time. Plasma histamine concentrations increased by 3 and 5 times at 5 and 15 min after IV treatment, respectively, compared to baseline values. IM injections induced minimal changes in the plasma histamine concentration. In summary, intravenous pethidine with midazolam induced potentially superior sedative effects without serious side effects in clinically healthy cats. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate this finding.

We study a supply chain with a manufacturer and two different suppliers. One supplier is a big company abroad, who is prime and offers high quality modules with long lead time. The other supplier is a small local company, taken as the urgent supplier by the manufacturer, who can produce modules in inferior quality but with flexible delivery time. Excess customers beyond the orders from the prime supplier, who are sensitive to the delivery time, may be satisfied by modules from the urgent supplier. As the urgent supplier owns private cost information (either low or high cost type) and the prime one is the wholesale price setter, the manufacturer should carefully design his sourcing strategy. In this paper, we show that the manufacturer may deny the urgent supplier, allow only the low cost type or permit both cost types of the urgent supplier, which follows a threshold type policy. When both cost types participate, whether the manufacturer differentiates the urgent supplier is also threshold type controlled. With fully characterizing the contracting issue with the urgent supplier, we derive the optimal wholesale price of the prime supplier and related order quantity from him. We further analyze how the delivery time guarantee elasticity affects the performance of each party in the supply chain through either analytical or numerical studies.

Mesoporous (N, S)-codoped TiO2 was simply prepared by a solvothermal method with thiourea as N and S source. The as-prepared products were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, BET and UV–vis. The results confirm that N and S have been incorporated into the lattice of anatase TiO2, which brings an obvious red-shift of the absorption edge into visible-light region. Moreover, the codoped products exhibit high photocatalytic activity under the visible-light irradiation.

Electronic and optical properties of pure, N-doped, Fe-doped and (N, Fe)-codoped anatase TiO2 were evaluated, respectively, by using the density functional theory. The results indicate that the elemental doping narrows the band gap of TiO2 and realize its visible-light response activity; and incorporation of Fe into N-doped TiO2 further increases the photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation compared with that of the N-doped TiO2.

The present study was carried out to illustrate high-efficient detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with selected introgression lines (ILs) and the existence of ‘hidden genes’ conferring drought tolerance (DT). 52 selected DT ILs, derived from BC 2 F 2 population developed by crossing and backcrossing the susceptible recurrent parent (RP) IR64 with the susceptible donor Khazar were planted under irrigation and drought condition. Four important agronomic traits, e.g., grain yield (GY), heading date (HD), panicle numbers per plant (PN), and plant height (PH) were evaluated and 83 SSR polymorphic molecular markers were used for genotypic analysis. Chi-square test based on genetic hitch-hiking and one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA) were used to detect drought-related loci. Nine and 36 loci were detected by chi-square test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Five common loci were observed by comparing the results of the two methods, among which two QTLs linked with RM7, and RM241 were detected under irrigation condition, both of the favorable alleles were from RP and explained 13% phenotypic variation (PV) for GY and 28% PV for PH, respectively. The other three QTLs linked with RM163, RM18, and RM270 were detected under drought condition, the favorable alleles were all from the donor and explained 10, 24, and 19% PV for HD, PH, and PH, respectively. Five common loci were observed by comparing the results of chi-square test and one-way ANOVA including two QTLs (one for GY and one for PH) under irrigation condition and three QTLs (one for HD and two for PH) under drought condition. By combining phenotypic and genotypic analysis, drought escape could be inferred as the main mechanism for drought tolerance in the present study. The results in present study suggested that the selected ILs population analyzed by chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was quite effective for DT QTL detection with low inputs and could also produce useful materials for breeding with wide genetic diversity for drought tolerance.

Rhodamine B (RB) was used as a molecular probe to make a comparison of the photocatalytic properties between a P-25 coated film and a dip-coated anatase Ti02 film. It was found that RB on the two illuminated TiO2 surfaces underwent very different changes. The reduction of RB concentration on a P-25 film showed pseudo first-order kinetics during all the reaction time. In contrast, the concentration of the RB aqueous solution with an anatase Ti02 film did not show exponential decay through overall illumination time, but the kinetics of RB (or rhodamine) disappearance was apparently first order with respect to time before and after blue shift of the maximum absorbance (corresponding to N-de-ethylation) ended separately.

Transparent TiO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by a sol-gel method. They were confirmed to be anatase crystallites by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra analyses. The photocatalytic properties of the sol-gel derived films were assessed by measuring the photodegradative oxidation of Rhodamine A in aqueous solution and compared with Degussa P-25 coated films. These SG-TiO2 films showed much higher photoactivity than P-25 coated films at the initial time of the reaction. Results of this study also indicate that the photodegradative mechanisms assisted by the two kinds of films are obviously different: highly efficient and fast N-de-ethylation accompanied the degradation of Rhodamine B catalyzed by a SG-TiO2 thin film, whereas only degradative reaction took place when P-25 coated film existed.

The fractal dimensions of aggregates of latex particles coated by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) have been measured in worse-than-θ-solvents for different electrolyte concentrations and temperatures. For the lowest molecular weight PEG studied (2 × 10 4 ), the measured fractal dimension of 2.1 was almost independent of temperature over the range studied. The value corresponds to partially reversible cluster aggregation, which leads to relatively compact aggregates. For the highest molecular weight PEG studied (6 × 10 5 ), the fractal dimension decreased significantly (from 2.4 to 1.7) with temperature, signifying the generation of more ramified aggregates. The results obtained for this hydrophilic polymer contrast markedly with those previously published for the aggregation or latexes coated by the hydrophobic polymer poly( N -isopropylacrylamide), which becomes hydrophobic as a result of a coil-to-globule transition.