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The bimetallic copper with manganese (Cu/Mn) on alumina (Al2O3) support have been considered as potential catalyst for the carbon dioxide methanation due to the low cost and its unique ability to facilitate the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane gas (CH4). However, high operating reaction temperature limits their large scale industrial application. In order to address this challenge, a series of low ruthenium (Ru) content promoted on Cu/Mn supported onto Al2O3 have been design by wet impregnation method. The potential catalyst was tested catalytic acitivity by using single and double reactors. The influences of Cu/Mn ratios and Ru contents on the catalytic activities and physicochemical properties of prepared catalysts were investigated. The addition of Ru can improve the catalytic activity and the basicity of the catalysts surface. As a result, their low-temperature reaction had been enhanced over these doped Ru promoted catalysts. The optimal catalyst was 3Ru60Cu/Mn-Al2O3 where the CO2 conversion reached 98.2% with the methane selectivity of 100% at 220 °C by using single reactor. Interestingly, the reaction temperature was reduced at 170 °C when using double reactor which the CO2 conversion reached 95.6% with the methane selectivity of 100%. The stability test showed that the Ru promoted on Cu/Mn-Al2O3 catalyst maintained its high reactivity after 7 h.

Laser cleaning has been identified as an ideal technology to replace conventional chemical techniques in the motorcar coating removal process to maintain the sustainability of our environment. This is due to the unique characteristics of this cleaning technique, such as being versatile, precise, controllable, lack of waste generation, and environmental friendly process. This laser technique can remove the coating layers without using chemical products and prevents the metal substrate surfaces from defect. This paper reviews the potential of incorporating pulsed Nd:YAG laser and its principals in coating removal for automotive industry with respect to these characteristics. Keywords: Laser removal mechanisms, Coating system, Ablation, De-composition, Particulate matter

The catalytic activity of carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation by in situ hydrogen generated from aluminum foil (Al) and alkaline water over a novel catalyst (AHZ–CM) was investigated. Response surface method- ology involving Box–Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was implemented for optimization where the reaction temperature was found to be the utmost significant effective factor, followed by H2/CO2 ratio and weight catalyst loading. The optimum condition for CO2 conversion was at 3.29g of weight catalyst loading, H2/CO2 ratio of 4.08 and reaction temperature of 276.7 °C which resulted in 97.5% of CO2 conversion. The result was approximately in agreement with the predicted result found by RSM which achieved 99.9% CO2 conversion. Interestingly, this study proved that the hydrogen gas production from Al and alkaline water can be used in situ reaction and the novel catalyst (AHZ–CM) would be an excellent candidate to be used for CO2 methanation reaction.