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Objective We examined whether contraceptive method type, satisfaction with use, and confidence in correct use were independently associated with switching intentions, a precursor of switching behaviors. Study Design Data were from a probability-based sample survey carried out in Delaware and Maryland in 2016 and 2017 among women ages 18 to 44. Women's current contraceptive methods were classified into 5 categories: coitally-dependent methods (barrier methods, withdrawal, and natural family planning); oral contraceptive pills, patches, and rings; injections; implants; and intrauterine contraception (IUC). Satisfaction, confidence, and switching intentions were dichotomized into being very versus less satisfied, being completely versus less confident, and having very low versus not very low switching intentions. We conducted binomial logistic regression to examine whether method type, satisfaction, and confidence were independently associated with having very low switching intentions, adjusting for a range of covariates including sociodemographics, perceived health, religious attendance frequency, sexual, contraceptive, and reproductive experiences, and state of residence (Maryland or Delaware). Results Among 1,077 women using reversible contraception, those using IUC relative to implants, pills, patches, or rings, and coitally-dependent methods were more likely to have very low switching intentions. Among all survey respondents, those who were very satisfied and those who were completely confident in correct use were also more likely to report very low switching intentions. Conclusions Using IUC, being very satisfied, and being very confident in correct use were independently associated with having very low switching intentions. Implications These results suggest that those using IUC have very low intentions to switch for reasons in addition to satisfaction-level with their method. Other aspects of using IUC such as ease of use, perceived barriers to switching, or having very low switching intentions before beginning IUC may be such reasons.

Background Due to perceived health benefits and increasing consumption trends, plant proteins in their entirety or as partial substitutes have been employed in various food formulations. With the demand for ‘clean label’, there is an increasing need to develop proteins from plant sources as natural food emulsifiers, with comparable properties to traditionally used dairy proteins. A comprehensive and systematic comparison between emulsifying properties of dairy and plant proteins is of interest to the food industry, with the shift towards reducing the usage of animal proteins in food manufacturing. Scope and approach This review presents the comparison between dairy and plant proteins as natural food emulsifiers, underlining the mechanisms elicited from their structures and compositions. It covers the factors influencing the performance of mixed protein systems in emulsion, and the trends for food developers regarding potential applications. Key findings and conclusions The emulsifying properties of food proteins are highly dependent on protein sources, structure, molecular weight, and adsorption behavior. Insights into the relationship between protein structure and emulsifying functionality of dairy and plant proteins under specific conditions, and the suitability of plant proteins as alternative to dairy proteins as natural food emulsifiers are provided.

Introduction The overall perceived health (OPH) is part of the composite tools used to determine the activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). It is usually measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Difficulties in applying the VAS have been observed in our clinical practice and in the literature. This study was conducted after considering the need to define the performance of the different scales used to assess OPH, determining their convenience and to suggest the development of a new scale. Methods This is a study based on the outcome of patients diagnosed with RA, to whom 4 types of scales were administered to assess OPH: Scale 1 (VAS), Scale 2 (faces scale), and a proposal for a visual scale in two versions: Scale 3 (composite visual scale with a horizontal orientation), and Scale 4, similar to 3 with a vertical orientation. The correlation and level of understanding by patients was analyzed. Results A total of 198 patients were included, 169 (85.3%) females and 29 (14.6%) males. The mean age was 54.2 years, and 59.6% of the patients failed to understand Scale 1, while most patients understood Scales 2, 3, and 4. Approximately 80% of the patients preferred Scales 2 (43.4%) and 3 (36.3%) (P Conclusions Although most patients did not understand the VAS, the vast majority of our patients understood and preferred the proposed scales that could be useful in the clinical practice of RA patients.

Background Improved survival for patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) has led to an increased focus on functional health status (FHS). We assessed late survival and patient-perceived FHS for repaired TGA patients. Methods From 1985-1990, 830 neonates admitted to 24 Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society (CHSS) institutions with d-TGA underwent repair, including 516 arterial switch, 110 Mustard, 175 Senning, and 29 Rastelli operations. Median follow-up was 24.0 years (range, 0-32.7 years). We performed multiphase parametric hazard analysis for death after repair. Patients completed Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Core Scales and Cardiac Module Adult Forms. Patient and operative factors and CHSS General Questionnaire responses were analyzed for association with FHS using multiple linear regression. Results Survival at 30 years after repair was arterial switch, 80% ± 2%; Mustard, 81% ± 5%; Senning, 70% ± 4%; and Rastelli, 86% ± 8%. The arterial switch had the lowest hazard for late death. TGA patients reported FHS similar to a healthy population in all domains except physical health (lower scores). Symptoms, including chest pain and fainting, and having a pacemaker were associated with lower, and being employed with higher, self-reported physical health. Arterial switch patients reported higher FHS than the atrial switch patients in all domains. Conclusions Arterial switch patients have a lower risk of premature death and better FHS than those with an atrial switch. Increased surveillance in atrial switch patients is warranted because of their increased risk of late death. Presence of symptoms, pacemaker, and lack of employment are associated with reduced FHS.

The objective of the study is to improve the current understanding of frontline employee perceptions of health by investigating the role of job security and satisfaction. The linkage between perceived health and organizational commitment is also explored. This study further tests the cross-level moderating effect of internal service climate based on a multilevel design. Based on a multilevel study that involved 1251 employees, including both frontline employees and supervisors from 29 casinos, results reveal that the relationship leading from job security and job satisfaction to organizational commitment through perceived health is contingent on organizational-level service climate; and the relationship is more salient for casinos with low-quality internal service climate. Theoretical and managerial implications are presented in the study.

Subjective age, or felt age, is highly related to one's actual health and survival. This study was conducted to explore subjective age in community-dwelling older adults in Korea, and to identify predictors of subjective age. Participants were 616 Korean older adults who were living in the community. A multiple regression analysis with a stepwise method was conducted to analyse subjective age. On average, the participants felt 7.8 per cent younger than their actual age. A multiple regression analysis revealed that less severe depression, having better perceived health, having no visual impairment, having higher handgrip strength, and living in a metropolitan area were associated with younger subjective age. Further studies are needed to determine the factors associated with subjective age in older adults. Based on this study, conceptual analyses of subjective age or longitudinal studies to determine the factors affecting subjective age are advisable.

People with severe mental illness (SMI) experience an increased risk of physical ill health and premature death, which appears to be partly related to unhealthy lifestyle habits. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of health-related lifestyle habits and perceived health among people with severe mental illness. A further aim was to explore if there were any gender differences or differences based on degree of sense of coherence. The study adopted a cross-sectional design based on data from 65 people with SMI. The results show that degree of Sense of Coherence (SOC) does have relevance for perceived health and for dimensions of Quality of Life (QOL). Furthermore, among the participants with strong SOC, there were less daily smokers and they seemed to have less sedentary leisure time than those with low SOC. Men reported more anxiety/depression than women and women ate fruit more often than men, otherwise there were no gender differences. In comparison with the general population, people with SMI show a higher Body Mass Index are more sedentary, more often daily smokers, have lower SOC and perceive a lower QOL. This emphasizes the importance of health-promotion support that focuses on lifestyle changes, and support for strengthening SOC and QOL for people with SMI.

Objectives To identify the breadth of the literature regarding patients’ perceived health information needs related to inflammatory arthritis care. Methods A systematic scoping review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO was performed to identify relevant articles (1990 -2016) examining patients’ perceived needs relating to health information in inflammatory arthritis. Data and themes were identified and categorised and risk of bias assessed. Results Twenty nine studies (11 quantitative, 14 qualitative and 4 mixed methods) from 4121 identified articles were relevant for inclusion. Most focussed on rheumatoid arthritis. Key findings included: (1) Reasons for seeking health information often focussed on gaining ownership over their condition and facilitating self-management. (2) Demographic differences in information needs were inconsistent, but women and younger patients generally reported more needs. (3) Desired information content was broad, and included targeted and practical information covering disease treatment and psychosocial wellbeing. (4) Preferred information delivery method was consultation with a Rheumatologist; however group sessions had advantages for psychosocial issues while written information provided useful supplementation. (5) Barriers to meeting health information needs were around timely access. Conclusions Patients with inflammatory arthritis have high information needs, desiring practical and individualised information. When developing strategies to meet patients’ information needs, aligning patient expectations with delivery methods that are accessible, cost-effective and flexible may help to optimize patient outcomes.

Introduction Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased markedly. We examined how current ENDS users differ in perceptions of tobacco and ENDS-related health risks as a function of cigarette smoking status. Methods We classified 1329 current ENDS users completing a national online survey based on cigarette smoking status, and employed linear and logistic regression to assess group differences in perceptions of tobacco-related health risks. Results The sample consisted of 38% Current Cigarette Smokers, 40% Former Cigarette Smokers, and 22% Non-Smokers. Our targeted recruitment strategy yielded a balance of key descriptive variables across participants. Significant differences were observed in race, employment and marital status across cigarette smoking status, but not in gender, education, income, or sexual orientation. Participants reported considerable perceived knowledge about health risks associated with tobacco use, but less regarding ENDS use. Current Smokers rated ENDS use as riskier than Non-Smokers, and considered cigarette use less risky for both users and bystanders. Current Smokers were more likely to perceive cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer as the health risks associated with ENDS use. Former Smokers were more likely to perceive such risks with traditional tobacco use. Further, regardless of smoking status, perceived knowledge about the health risks of tobacco or ENDS use was positively associated with perceived likelihood of high risks of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Conclusions Among current ENDS users, there were significant differences in perceived health risks based on cigarette smoking history. Improved health messaging can be achieved when cigarette smoking status is taken into account.

This paper seeks to contribute to the growing literature on how neighborhood amenities such as parks relate with active ageing. It draws attention to this relationship in the context of developing country - India where with changing demographics, population ageing is emerging as a major challenge. It builds on empirical evidences from a neighborhood park in the city of Pune - a metropolis of 3.5 million people in western India. Employing a mixed research approach, the paper explains how a neighborhood park plays a significant role in promoting healthy living among older persons by offering various perceived health benefits. Although various physical characteristics of park encourage physical activities, it is found that social connections such as groups formed in the park encourage regular participation in physical activities and thereby provide psychological health benefits and social support for older users. The paper argues for considering the important role of parks in fostering social participation critical for active ageing while designing cities that are friendly and supportive to ageing populations.

Background The recognition of work stressors and their links to sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviours and coping strategies is important for enhancing the working conditions of dentists. Aim The aim of our study was to identify and rank work stressors in dentists from Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and to investigate their potential links to sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviours and coping strategies. Study design A questionnaire based on the Work Stress Inventory for Dentists (WSID) was delivered to a cross-sectional sample of 250 dentists working in six neighborhoods across Cluj-Napoca, Romania, as well as at the local Faculty of Dentistry. We collected and analysed information on sociodemographic characteristics, work stressors, health behaviours and coping strategies. Results Time and scheduling pressure, concerns about the future and pay-related work stressors were found to rank highest among the categories of work stressors investigated. Higher work stress was significantly linked to higher workloads, lower job satisfaction, poorer eating and exercise habits, higher work pain and discomfort, lower perceived health and less sleep. Job satisfaction was the single best predictor variable of work stress scores. The most frequently used coping strategy to deal with work stress was resting and taking breaks. Only one-quarter of respondents used active coping strategies. Conclusion Our findings suggest that work stress is linked to a number of detrimental attitudes in dentists and that there is room for dentists to make lifestyle improvements.

Facial skin texture and colour play an important role in observers' judgments of apparent health and have been linked to aspects of physiological health, including fitness, immunity and fertility. However, most studies have focused on Caucasian populations. Here, we report two studies that investigate the contribution of skin texture and colour to the apparent health of Malaysian Chinese faces. In Study 1, homogenous skin texture, as measured by wavelet analysis, was found to positively predict ratings of apparent health of Asian faces. In study 2, homogenous skin texture and increased skin yellowness positively predicted rated health of Malaysian Chinese faces. This finding suggests that skin condition serves as an important cue for subjective judgements of health in Malaysian Chinese faces.

Background Sports participation has many physical and mental health benefits for individuals with a disability including improved functionality and reduced anxiety, yet a large proportion of individuals with a disability are inactive. Objective To investigate the experiences and perceived health benefits of sport participation across four disability populations: children and adolescents, adults, elite athletes and veterans with a disability. Methods A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted. Eligible studies had participants who were children, adults, elite athletes or veterans with a physical, visual or intellectual disability. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool and quality assessment involved the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD). Content, thematic and narrative synthesis techniques were used. Confidence in cumulative evidence was determined using GRADE-CERQual and Classes of Evidence. Results Several positive aspects of sport participation were highlighted across all four populations, including socialisation opportunities, pure enjoyment, a sense of freedom and providing an arena to challenge stereotypes. The paucity of research within the ‘veterans with a disability’ group limited analysis of experiences and benefits of sport in this population. Conclusions This systematic review was the first to explore this phenomena, finding that overall sport is a beneficial experience for individuals with a disability. The positive aspects should be promoted when encouraging sport participation for children, adolescents, adults and elite athletes. More research is needed to explore these phenomena in veterans and to compare perceived benefits between populations to enable tailored promotion of sport.

Given the growing reports on the services and disservices of urban greenery and its health effects, it is necessary to understand how the public perceives these health effects to enhance public acceptance of urban greening improvement strategies aimed at better public health. To address this issue, we surveyed the plant composition, vegetation coverage rate (ratevegcover), residents’ self-perceived health status and their evaluation and desire for residential greening in 68 residential compounds in the old city of Nanjing, China. The results show that the ratevegcover and diversity of all plants (diverall) were correlated with a lower self-reported rate of allergic diseases and a higher satisfaction level with green space or vegetation maintenance. However, as the diversity of plants with airborne pollen (diverpollen) increased, residents reported higher allergic disease prevalence and lower satisfaction levels with residential greening. Similarly, as the diversity of plants with airborne plant fibers(diverfibers) increased, residents not only reported higher respiratory disease prevalence and more severe health impairment from airborne plant fibers but also became less satisfied with residential greening and less supportive of higher overall plant diversity or the presence of more plants with attractive flowers. Although mismatches existed between residents’ perceptions, feelings and plant survey results , it is clear that researchers need to examine the adverse effects of plants with health risks on public experiences and expectations of residential greening and to evaluate both the positive and negative impacts of plants on public health at the species level.

Background Enjoyment in school-based physical activity (PA) programs, such as recess or physical education may be important for promoting children's health, but there is a lack of evidence explaining how enjoyment affects health in children with disabilities. Hypotheses Enjoyment in school-based PA programs will positively influence general health through participating in more daily PA, and this relationship will vary between younger and older children with disabilities. Methods We conducted secondary analysis of data from the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey. The sample included 241 children with disabilities (age 5–15 years; 129 boys and 112 girls) identified using three criteria: (a) having an impairment, health problem and mobility limitations; (b) needing special equipment; or (c) receiving special education services. Variables extracted were the number of days per week participating for at least 60 min in PA a day; general perceived health; enjoyment in school recess (for ages 5–11 y) or physical education (for ages 12–15 y). Mediation analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results Daily PA participation significantly mediated the relationship between enjoyment in physical education/recess and general health. Children who enjoyed physical education or recess more participated in PA, and those who spent more days being physical active were healthier than their counterparts. However, this mediating relationship, when divided by age groups, was shown for only older group (ages 12–15 y) that received physical education. Conclusions Physical educators should provide enjoyable PA opportunities during physical education classes for students with disabilities for promoting their health.

Cyberchondria describes excessive online health searches associated with increased emotional distress. While previous research has examined various antecedents of cyberchondria, how regular online health information seeking (OHIS) turns into cyberchondria has received minimal theoretical attention. This study proposes a theoretical model that illuminates the processes of cyberchondria development among individuals who are anxious about their health. Results from an online survey of 426 Chinese Internet users lend support to the proposed theoretical model, which posits perceived health threat of common symptoms as a trigger of health anxiety that motivates OHIS through the perception of information insufficiency. In this process, positive source beliefs strengthen the effect of information insufficiency on OHIS. This study further identifies negative metacognitive beliefs as a boundary condition for how regular OHIS results in cyberchondria. By conceptualizing the processes of cyberchondria development, this integrative model provides guidance for future theory development and testing in this new research area.

Objectives: To investigate changes in moderate and vigorous physical activity (PA), and find correlation with psychological well-being and perceived health status in university students prior to versus 4–6 weeks following the outbreak of coronavirus pandemic Methods: Registered students to the 2020/2021 academic year participated in an online survey representing four Hungarian universities in the framework of “COVID-19 International Student Well-being Study” project. Moderate and vigorous PA were measured with a single question, psychological well-being was evaluated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies − Depression Scale (CES-D) short form and perceived health status on the 11-point Cantril ladder respectively. Statistical analyses were calculated using SPSS 26.0 software Results: A total of 2779 Hungarian citizen students completed the questionnaire and 2162 (27.7% males) provided full information on PA. Mean age was 24.52 (SD = 7.15) years. A significant decrease was observed in moderate PA prior to and during social isolation (Z = -14.956;p < .001). Students mean well-being was 10.23, SD = 5.28)/32. After analyzing changes (decreased, unchanged, increased) of PA in the context of well-being, it was found students with reduced PA had significantly less favorable scores on well-being scale than students who unchanged or increased their PA level, both in moderate (F = 32.35;p < .001) and vigorous (F = 21.44;p < .001) PA. Regarding the perceived health status there was significant reduction during the pandemic (M = 7.58, SD = 2.19) compared to the preceding period (M = 7.94, SD = 1.85;p < .001). This reduction was most notable in the group that reduced PA Conclusions: The closure of universities and sport facilities unfavorably influenced the students’ previous PA level. Based on the result, there is a negative relationship between PA and psychological wellbeing also between PA and perceived health status. Universities may pay more attention to keep their students physically active even during a pandemic as it may be far from being over yet. © 2021 The Author(s)

This research aims to elucidate the connection of perceived health and financial threat linked to the COVID-19 pandemic with the willingness to engage in prosocial and antisocial behaviors, while also testing the potential mediating role of empathic concern. During the lockdown period, a sample of Spanish community members (N = 702) filled in a multi-measure online survey. Our results revealed that (a) COVID-19 health (but not financial) threat predicted a greater tendency to express prosocial actions, (b) none of these forms of COVID-19 threat predicted antisocial inclinations, and (c) empathic concern mediated the effects of COVID-19 health threat on both prosocial and antisocial tendencies. Findings speak to the ongoing debate about whether individuals most psychologically impacted by the pandemic would tend to respond in a more prosocial or antisocial manner.

Summary The aim of this research is to analyze the correlates of adults’ participation in sport and frequency of sport. A hurdle model approach comprising a binary choice regression to model participation in sport and a count model to address frequency of sport was applied to analyze the data obtained from 516 personal interviews in a Portuguese city. Participation in sport and frequent sport are associated with men, younger people, not married and without children under 2 years, nonsmokers and regular drinkers and with good perceived health. However, participation in sport and frequency of sport participation are associated with different levels of perception of the benefits of sport activity. Whereas awareness of the health and enjoyment benefits fosters participation, fitness, socializing and appearance might increase the frequency of sport. Sport communication strategies might play a prominent role in persuading potential participants of the benefits of sport activity and frequency.

Background Individuals who use illicit drugs are at heightened risk for HIV and/or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Despite the medical consequences of drinking for drug-using individuals with these infections, many do drink. In other studies, how individuals perceive their health relates to their engagement in risk behaviors such as drinking. However, among drug-using individuals with HIV and HCV, whether perceived health relates to drinking is unknown. Objective We examine the association between perceived health and drinking among drug-using individuals with HIV and/or HCV. Methods In a large, cross-sectional study, we utilized samples of individuals with HIV ( n = 476), HCV ( n = 1145), and HIV/HCV co-infection ( n = 180), recruited from drug treatment centers from 2005 to 2013. In each sample, we investigated the relationship between perceived health and drinking, using ordinal logistic regressions. We present uncontrolled models as well as models controlled for demographic characteristics. Results Among samples of drug using individuals with HIV and with HCV, poorer perceived health was associated with risky drinking only when demographic characteristics were taken into account (Adjusted Odds Ratios: 1.32 [1.05, 1.67] and 1.16 [1.00, 1.34], respectively). In the smaller HIV/HCV co-infected sample, the association of similar magnitude was not significant (AOR = 1.32 [0.90, 1.93]). Conclusions Drug using patients with HIV or HCV with poor perceived health are more likely to drink heavily, which can further damage health. However, when demographics are not accounted for, these effects can be masked. Patients' reports of poor health should remind providers to assess for health risk behaviors, particularly heavy drinking.

Global warming is a central threat for today's society caused by greenhouse gas emissions, mostly carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) is a promising approach to reduce emissions and the use of expensive and limited fossil resources. Applying CCU, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) can be incorporated as raw material during the manufacture of plastic products. While most of the studies address technical feasibilities, hardly any systematic research on public perception and acceptance of those specific products exists so far. This study empirically investigates the acceptance of CCU plastic products (mattress as example). First, interviews with experts and lay people revealed critical acceptance factors (CO 2 proportion, saving of fossil resources, disposal conditions, perceived health complaints). Their relative importance was detailed in two consecutive conjoint studies. Study 1 revealed disposal conditions and saving of fossil resources as essential for product selection, while the products’ CO 2 proportion was less important. In study 2, potential health complaints were integrated as well as individual levels of domain knowledge and risk perception, which significantly affected acceptance of CCU products. Recommendations concerning communication strategies for policy and industry were derived.

Objectives (i) To analyze if general cognitive performance, perceived health and depression are predictors of Subjective Memory Complaints (SMC) contrasting their effect sizes; (ii) to analyze the relationship between SMC and objective memory by comparing a test that measures memory in daily life and a classical test of associated pairs; (iii) to examine if different subgroups, formed according to the MFE score, might have different behaviors regarding the studied variables. Methods Sample: 3921 community-dwelling people (mean age 70.41 ± 4.70) without cognitive impairment. Consecutive non-probabilistic recruitment. Assessment: Mini Cognitive Exam (MCE), daily memory Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), Paired Associates Learning (PAL), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Dependent variable: Memory Failures Everyday Questionnaire (MFE). Results Two different dimensions to explain SMC were found: One subjective (MFE, GDS, NHP) and other objective (RBMT, PAL, MCE), the first more strongly associated with SMC. SMC predictors were NHP, GDS, RBMT and PAL, in this order according to effect size. Considering MFE scores we subdivided the sample into three groups (low, medium, higher scores): low MFE group was associated with GDS; medium, with GDS, NPH and RBMT, and higher, with age as well. Effect size for every variable tended to grow as the MFE score was higher. Conclusion SMC were associated with both health profile and depressive symptoms and, in a lesser degree, with memory and overall cognitive performance. In people with fewer SMC, these are only associated with depressive symptomatology. More SMC are associated with depression, poor health perception and lower memory.

This paper evaluates perceptions of 5 teachers and 129 students of participating in an 8-week primary school movement integration intervention. Following training and provision of resources, teachers were asked to teach 2 active lessons each day. Teachers completed questionnaires at post-intervention. Students participated in ‘draw and write’ activities and focus group interviews. Teachers reported great satisfaction, noting student enjoyment, enhanced teaching and learning, and provision of resources as contributing to the success of the programme. Students expressed high levels of enjoyment, with emphasis on peer-engagement, perceived health benefits, and improved academic motivation.

This study explores the factors that influence consumer purchase intention and behavior for organic vegetables in Brazil. A conceptual model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was developed. In addition to all standard relationships in the TPB, the candidate variables of perceived health benefits, perceived sustainability benefits, and perceived price were added to the TPB-based model. Attitude was expected to mediate the relation between perceived health benefits and intention and the relation between perceived sustainability benefits and intention. Perceived price was expected to moderate the relation between intention and behavior. An online survey was conducted, resulting in a sample size of 504 participants. Data were analyzed by partial-least squares structural equation modeling. The results indicate that intention and perceived behavioral control influence the purchase behavior for organic vegetables, with intention presenting the strongest impact on behavior. Attitude has the strongest impact on consumer intention to purchase organic vegetables, followed by perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. The results also indicate that attitude mediates the relations between perceived health benefits and intention and perceived sustainability benefits and intention. Perceived price moderates the relationship between intention and behavior. Based on the results, managerial implications are presented.

Domestic (home) gardens provide opportunities for psychological and physical health benefits, yet these environments have received less attention in terms of their therapeutic value compared to other urban green spaces. This is despite their ubiquity and the popularity of gardening as a pastime. This research explored why residents engaged with gardening and the extent to which they recognised any health benefits from the activity. A questionnaire was distributed electronically within the UK, with 5766 gardeners and 249 non-gardeners responding. Data were collated on factors including garden typology, frequency of gardening and individual perceptions of health and well-being. Significant associations were found between improvements in well-being, perceived stress and physical activity and more frequent gardening. Gardening on a frequent basis i.e. at least 2–3 times a week, corresponded with greatest perceived health benefits. Improving health, however, was not the prime motivator to garden, but rather the direct pleasure gardening brought to the participants. There was evidence that satisfaction with one's front garden and the time spent in it increased as the proportion of vegetation was enhanced. The data supports the notion that domestic gardens should be given greater prominence in urban planning debates, due to the role they play in providing health benefits.

Although the extant studies had examined the impact of green marketing, limited research has focused on green marketing as an attempt of cleaner production. This paper contributes to green marketing and cleaner production literature by introducing “clean service marketing” through adaptation of cleaner production onto the expanded green service marketing mix (people, physical evidence and process). The study further contributes to the literature by investigating the possible influence of clean service marketing in providing health value, enhancing social-quality performance and good differentiation advantage. The authors adopted a mixed-method study by systematic review and survey questionnaire to collect data. A systematic review was conducted to address the research question “Do firms’ green approaches provide health value to its stakeholder? While 101 sets of questionnaire were distributed to the managers of the selected three-to-five stars hotel and resort in Malaysia to confirm the proposed hypotheses. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling was employed for quantitative data analysis, and SmartPLS 3.2.8 software was performed to analyze the data obtained. The results of the synthesis analysis addressed the research question that firms or any practitioners by going green could either improved human’s health or perceived health. The result of the quantitative analysis revealed that only the green process is positively related to social-quality performance. In contrast, green people, green physical evidence and green process were found all positively related to differentiation advantage. With regards, the authors strongly recommend hotel and resort firms taking green as a “clean” approach for hotels’ post-pandemic recovery.

The ability to savor positive life events is associated with higher emotional well-being; however, few studies have examined savoring ability in older adults. The present study used a longitudinal design to examine changes in perceived savoring abilities and associations with perceived health in older adulthood. Older adults ( N = 131) reported on beliefs about savoring and perceived health at baseline and 2 1/2 years later. Perceived anticipation (savoring the future) and reminiscing (savoring the past) abilities declined from baseline to follow-up. Better perceived health at baseline predicted greater perceived reminiscing and anticipation abilities at follow-up. Greater perceived ability to savor the present moment at baseline predicted better perceived health at follow-up. Aging and poorer health focus older adults' thoughts on present-moment pleasures, which may benefit health, but may also lead to reductions in perceived anticipation and reminiscing abilities.

Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM; 補充與替代醫學 bǔ chōng yǔ tì dài yī xué) in Parkinson disease (PD) ranged 40–70%. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, types and factors associated with the use of CAM in Indian PD patients. PD patients, fulfilling UKPD-Society brain-bank diagnostic-criteria, attending Movement-disorders clinic of a tertiary-care teaching hospital in India from 1st May to 15th December 2012 were enrolled. Information on socio-demographic, clinical data and treatment along with factors (source of information, benefits, harms, reason for use and cost) associated with CAM use were recorded. Out of 233 consecutive PD patients, 106 (46%) used CAM. Mean ± SD age of CAM users was 56 ± 11.2 years. Among CAM users, 72% were males, with mean age-onset 49 ± 11.16 years (P = 0.042) and 73% receiving levodopa therapy (p = 0.006). Longer duration PD, higher education (graduates and above), urban residence, and fairly good perceived health were other factors seen among CAM users. Reasons for using CAM were ‘feel good factor’ (73%), 9% took CAM due to side effects from allopathic-medicines. Commonly used CAM were Ayurvedic, homeopathic medicines, and acupuncture (針灸 zhēn jiǔ) [74/106 (70%)]. Median CAM cost in Indian Rupees (INR) was 1000/month (USD16, range: 0-400USD/month in year 2012). Almost half of PD patients use CAM. Three-quarters of Indian CAM using PD patients believe that CAM is harmless, using it at a substantial cost. CAM-users are educated, young, urban dwellers, longer duration PD and receiving levodopa. Commonly used CAM was Ayurvedic, Homeopathic medicines and acupuncture., Graphical abstract

Objective Cultural portrayals of physicians suggest an unclear and even contradictory role for humility in the physician–patient relationship. Despite the social importance of humility, however, little empirical research has linked humility in physicians with patient outcomes or the characteristics of the doctor–patient visit. The present study investigated the relationship between physician humility, physician–patient communication, and patients’ perceptions of their health during a planned medical visit. Methods Primary care physician–patient interactions (297 patients across 100 physicians) were rated for the physician’s humility and the effectiveness of the physician–patient communication. Additionally, patients reported their overall health and physicians and patients reported their satisfaction with the interaction. Results Within-physician fluctuations in physician humility and self-reported patient health positively predicted one another, and mean-level differences in physician humility predicted effective physician–patient communication, even when controlling for the patient’s and physician’s satisfaction with the visit and the physician’s frustration with the patient. Conclusions The results suggest that humble, rather than paternalistic or arrogant, physicians are most effective at working with their patients. Practice implications Interventions to improve physician humility may promote better communication between health care providers and patients, and, in turn, better patient outcomes.

This paper contributes to the discussion on patient engagement in online health communities (OHCs) by integrating channel expansion and social exchange theories. Using survey data from 348 users of OHC, we examine the impacts of perceived channel richness, social support, and willingness to exchange information on OHC engagement. Results show that the perceived channel richness positively influences OHC engagement. The effect of patients’ willingness to share and seek information on engagement is moderated by health status. Finally, engagement in OHCs enhances self-care efficacy and perceived health outcomes. We propose several theoretical implications for researchers and practical contributions for OHC administrators.

With the new focus of education reform in Laos on the universalization of secondary education, demands for secondary education have increased. As the number of new students increases, it is necessary to understand current levels of students’ school adaptation and the factors affecting school adaptation. This study explored school adaptation and its associations with ego-resilience, self-efficacy, perceived health status, and relationships with parents in Lao adolescents. This descriptive correlational and cross-sectional survey design included 916 adolescent students from four secondary schools randomly selected in Vientiane, Laos. Data were analyzed using t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression. 32%, 13.3%, 16.5%, and 24.3% of the variance in four subdomains of school adaptation including adaptation to classes, relationships with teachers, relationships with friends, and adaptation to school life, respectively were explained by ego-resilience, self-efficacy, and relationships with parents. Self-efficacy and ego-resilience were shown as the important factors associated with adaptation in adolescent students. Accordingly, strategies to reinforce self-efficacy and ego-resilience should be developed and implemented at governmental and school levels in Laos. This study is of great significance in that it examines factors affecting student school adaptation and provides a basis for substantial education reforms.

This study investigates the effects of information technology (IT) identity on the use of personal health devices (PHDs). We conducted an online survey of individuals who used a PHD to achieve a health-related goal. The results confirm that IT identity is a multidimensional construct with three reflective dimensions. The results exhibit that the identity verification process (IT characterizes through IT experience) fosters IT identity, which, in turn, encourages individuals to engage in beneficial post-adoption behaviors such as feature use and enhanced use. The findings also reveal that perceived health status moderates the relationship between IT identity and positive use behaviors.

Rationale: Aging veterans often suffer from increased vulnerability, manifested among other things in old subjective age and poor perceived health. Though research has documented the contribution of trauma related variables to these negative appraisals, their associations with impostorism (i.e., the subjective experience that one is less adequate than others perceive) remain unexamined. Objective: Filling this gap, this study explored the relations between impostorism and subjective age and perceived health among aging combat veterans. Method: The study was conducted among 146 Israeli veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Participants were assessed for combat exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and health-related behaviors during middle adulthood (1991; T1), and for subjective age, perceived health, impostorism, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms during old age (2018; T2). Results: The veterans' impostorism was associated with relatively old subjective age and poor perceived health, above and beyond the effects of age, health-related behaviors, combat exposure, depressive symptoms, and PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The current results suggest that impostorism may contribute to veterans' stress and negatively affect their evaluations regarding age and health.

Background National health guidelines emphasize the nutritional benefits of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption. Positive associations between FV consumption, health awareness, and cooking skills have been noted in previous work. However, little is known about this relationship among university faculty and staff. Objective To explore the relationship between cooking skills, health perceptions, importance of FV consumption, and FV purchase criteria among university faculty and staff by gender. Study Design, Setting, Participants A random representative sample of faculty and staff at a large Southern university were recruited to complete an online survey in spring 2018 (n = 175). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Questions included cooking skills, perceived health status, benefits of produce consumption, produce purchasing criteria, and demographic data. Associations between cooking skills, self-health assessment, and fresh produce buying preferences were evaluated using Pearson's correlation test. Independent t-tests were used to determine differences by gender. Significance was determined by P ≤ .05. Results Health perceptions were positively correlated with perceived health benefits of fresh produce (P Conclusions In this study, females responded with the highest cooking skill levels which positively correlated with importance of fresh produce, specific purchasing preferences, and self-perceived health status. While overall cooking skill level in this sample was high, it is likely that those interested in healthy eating were more likely to complete the survey. Universities could play an important role in improving fresh produce consumption among faculty and staff by providing support and resources in the form of cooking classes through university programs such as nutrition departments, university wellness programs, and community venues.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Garlic and its wild relatives have a long tradition of use world-wide dating back to the early ages as food and medicine. This exceptional group deserves to be taken into consideration to rethink its potential health effects in light of its cultural and historical background, as well as ethnobotanical practices. Aim of the study: Garlic, onion, and other related vegetables have been indispensable for Turkish daily life. This review focuses on the wild, as well as cultivated, Allium species from the broad historical perspective of Turkish culture. Its goal is also analyze how food and medicine have been perceived as closely connected entities in a specific cultural sphere. Methods A comprehensive literature survey was conducted on these species by referencing scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier E-Book, Scopus, ISI-Web of Science, and E book Central (Ebrary). Results The integration of historical and ethnobotanical data have enabled us to understand the unique position of Alliums in a specific human geography. Garlic and onions have been used in this region as food and for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. The perceived health benefits of consuming garlic and onions are well documented in the literature. There are more than 200 Allium species naturally distributed in Turkey, and around 30 of those have been widely used for various purposes by local people as a vegetable, spice, condiment, and medicine. Conclusions The desire for good health and wellness has been traced across many cultures throughout history. Healthy foods like garlic were and will be a critical component of maintaining good health.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is underutilized. Psychological factors such as perceived health competence, or one's belief in his or her ability to achieve health-related goals, may play a role in CR enrollment. We evaluated the association of perceived health competence with CR enrollment in the

This research sought to understand if physical activity recommendations––an integral component of many interventions aiming to promote physical activity––may have unexpected effects on individuals’ mindsets (in this case about the adequacy and health consequences of their physical activity) that can strengthen or weaken recommendation effectiveness. Participants were students and staff at a U.S. West Coast private university, recruited between 2016 and 2019. Two experiments with one-week follow-up periods investigated the effects of viewing recommendations that prescribe a lower (vs. higher) amount of physical activity and provide a liberal (vs. stringent) definition of what counts as physical activity on individuals’ mindsets about the adequacy and health consequences of their physical activity, as well as physical activity-related self-efficacy, physical activity behavior, and perceived health. Study 1 (N = 157) showed that exposure to low-and-liberal recommendations (vs. high-and-stringent recommendations) caused participants to adopt the mindset that their physical activity was more adequate, which in turn predicted greater engagement in physical activity and perceived health one week later. Study 2 (N = 272) showed that regardless of definition of physical activity (liberal vs. stringent), a lower (vs. higher) amount of recommended physical activity led participants to adopt the mindset that their activity was more adequate. This more adaptive mindset predicted greater self-efficacy and engagement in physical activity in the following week, in addition to better perceived health. Rather than inducing complacency, recommendations prescribing a relatively lower (vs. higher) amount of physical activity may be more effective at promoting physical activity and health by inducing adaptive mindsets. Keywords: Physical activity, Exercise, Mindset, Beliefs, Perceptions, Self-efficacy, Recommendations, Guidelines

The performance of Total Artificial Heart (TAH) as a bridge to transplant, survival and perceived health remains underreported. Retrospective analysis of TAH patients implanted between 1/2012 and 6/2019 at a large single center. Visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire was used during ambulatory

The aim of the study was to investigate the benefits of favourite physical places for well-being based on the idea of environmental self-regulation. It proposes that everyday favourite places are used as a “coping mechanism” to enhance subjective well-being through reflection, emotion regulation and withdrawal. We investigated the connection between reasons for visiting the favourite place, consequent experiences and perceived well-being (satisfaction with life and perceived health) through structural equation modelling. We also analysed the reversed model, where well-being affects the reasons for visiting and experiences in favourite places. Finnish and Hungarian participants (N = 784) answered an internet-based questionnaire. Concerning the relationships between reasons, experiences and well-being variables, all of the three reason factors (“Sad, depressed”; ” Happy, well”; “Alone, reflective) were significantly and positively related to the factor “Experiences of positive recovery of self”. This indicates that favourite places do indeed facilitate self-regulation by transforming negative cognitions and feelings into positive ones. However, positive recovery experiences were not related to well-being but distress experiences were negatively related to life satisfaction and perceived health. The reversed model revealed a top-down relation of life satisfaction with positive and negative reasons.

Functional ingredients included in a healthy diet are demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic diseases beyond basic nutritional function. On this rationale, the specific objectives of this study were to examine empirically the determinants of perceived health status of a consumer and to examine extent to which those can influence consumer's intake of an assortment of functional ingredients through a healthy diet. The data collected from teachers (n=130) attached to two National Schools in Kurunegala district during May to June 2014 by means of a face-to-face interview supported by a structured questionnaire were used to specify two models, which includes a number of attitudinal and motivational as well as socio-economic variables as having impact on this phenomenon and were estimated using Probit and Ordered Logistic Regression techniques. The results suggest that perceived health status of respondents is significantly associated with their concerns on degenerative disease, attitude towards functional foods, food consumption motives, and information seeking behavior. The most intense consumers of functional ingredients are consumers with strong motives towards general well-being and who perceived themselves to be healthy. Further, consumer behavior did not vary on the socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender; subject to the fact that they are sufficiently knowledgeable on functional ingredients and economically viable to have fair access to functional foods.

Whether or not there will be a "renaissance" of nuclear power in the near future may depend upon the nature of support for this energy source among citizens and elected officials. Continued examination of the predictors of opposition to nuclear power therefore remains quite policy relevant. While the existing literature finds modest but consistent gender differences in attitudes towards nuclear power in the general publics of several Western countries, the robustness of this relationship has seldom been investigated across time or among elected officials. This paper addresses both of these gaps. First, analyzing nationally representative data from the Swedish general public between 1986 and 2011, we confirm that the theoretically expected gender divide in opposition to nuclear power—whereby women report greater opposition than do men—is indeed robust over time. Second, examining data from three recent surveys of elected officials at the local, regional, and national levels in Sweden, we find that female elected officials at each polity level report greater opposition to nuclear power than their male counterparts. Our results are consistent with the health and safety concerns argument, whereby women are less supportive than are men of technologies with considerable perceived health and safety risks.

Objectives: The recent growth in the market for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has led to concerns over their use by young people. It is therefore important to examine trends in the perception and use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes in this group.Study design: Two-wave cross-sectional survey design.Methods: Young people aged 11-18 in Great Britain were surveyed online by YouGov in 2013 and 2014. Use of e-cigarettes, together with perceived health harms and intention to use were assessed and compared in relation to cigarette smoking history, age and gender.Results: Ever-use of e-cigarettes increased significantly from 4.6% (95% CI 3.8-5.7) in 2013 to 8.2% (95% CI 7.0-9.6) in 2014. Monthly or more use of e-cigarettes increased from 0.9% (95% CI 0.5-1.5) to 1.7 (1.2-2.4), but remained rare in never-smokers at under 0.2%. The proportion of young people who perceived e-cigarettes to be less harmful to users than cigarettes fell from 73.4% (95% CI 71.0-75.8) to 66.9% (95% CI 64.5-69.2), while the proportion who considered e-cigarettes to cause similar levels of harm increased from 11.8% (95% CI 10.0-13.5) to 18.2% (95% CI 16.3-20.1). Of the 8.2% of e-cigarette ever-users in 2014, 69.8% (95% CI 62.2%-77.3%) had smoked a cigarette prior to using an e-cigarette, while 8.2% (95% CI 4.1%-12.2%) first smoked a cigarette after e-cigarette use. Conclusions: A growing proportion of young people in Great Britain believe e-cigarettes are as harmful as smoking tobacco. Use of e-cigarettes by young people is increasing, but is largely confined to those who smoke.

The aim of the present study was to examine which personal and situational factors affect reemployment success in persons in their first year of unemployment. In a prospective cohort study with a one-year follow-up, we investigated a sample of 3618 subjects who became unemployed. A survey was sent to all participants, including personal and situational factors, based on Wanberg's model, the Theory of Planned Behavior model and the Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy model. Our results showed that ten key-factors predicted re-employment success in the first year after becoming unemployed. Knowing these factors, and in particular those which are amenable to change through any intervention program, may help to develop effective intervention strategies for those who facilitate reemployment in order to shorten the duration of unemployment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives The number of households in fuel poverty is growing. Individuals increasingly struggle to heat their homes, and therefore, a growing number of individuals are exposed to low temperatures, which can affect their health. This study sought to determine the link between a subjective measure of fuel poverty (self-reported feeling cold) and self-reported health. The impact of other particular individual and environmental features on self-reported health were also analysed. Study design Econometric analysis. Methods The study method uses self-reported perception of thermal discomfort (self-reported feeling cold) as a proxy for fuel poverty. The French database of the Healthcare and Insurance survey carried by the Institute for Research and Information on Health Economics (IRDES) was used to estimate a dichotomous probit model. Results The estimation allows us to infer a negative impact of fuel poverty on self-reported health. Thus, a person in fuel poverty is 2.36 percentage points more likely to report poor or fair health status than a person who is not in fuel poverty. Conclusion It may be appropriate to reduce the impacts of fuel poverty to provide support for the most vulnerable categories of individuals with respect to the health impacts of fuel poverty and cold homes, e.g., chronic patients who experience difficulty heating their homes.

ResumenObjetivoAnalizar el estado de salud de la población mayor de 60 años y la relación que existe entre la autopercepción de la salud que tienen las personas mayores y su salud real; se valoró la mediación en esta relación de aspectos sociodemográficos como la edad y el género.MétodoDiseño descriptivo, transversal, de prevalencia. Localización: 15 centros de día y 10 residencias de la provincia de Almería (España). Participantes: 1,220 personas mayores de 60 años (M=70.9; DT=7.9), de los cuales el 48.3% son hombres y el 51.7% mujeres.MedicionesSe analizó el género, la edad, el estado civil, la presencia o no de diferentes enfermedades y problemas de salud, y el nivel de salud percibido.ResultadosLos problemas de salud relacionados con los huesos y articulaciones son los más frecuentes. Existen diferencias significativas (p=0.000) en la percepción de la salud entre ambos géneros; los hombres tienen una mejor percepción de su salud. Hay una relación negativa y significativa (p

To investigate the usefulness of a self-reported respiratory health transition question over 10 years through reliability, ability to capture long-term asthma trajectory and predictive ability.In two 20-year cohorts (Asthma-E3N, n = 16,371, 61-88 years; EGEA, n = 1254, 27-82 years), perceived 10-year change in respiratory health ("Overall, in the last 10 years, do you think that your bronchial or respiratory health has changed?" if yes: "Has it improved/deteriorated?") was studied in relation with change in respiratory medication dispensation and lung function, with change in asthma status measured over the same period of time, and with subsequent asthma-related outcomes.Perceived deterioration (14% in Asthma-E3N) was associated with increased dispensations of respiratory medications over time (from 17% with2 dispensations in 2004 to 26% in 2010). Report of perceived deterioration (13% in EGEA) was related to a lung function decline steeper by 9.3 mL/year as compared to perceived improvement. In both cohorts, change (improvement or deterioration) was more often perceived by participants with than without asthma (45% vs20%) and was dominant among participants with persistent current asthma (77%). Perceived deterioration was related to poorer asthma control 7 years later and to higher use of oral corticosteroids in the following 18 months.The proposed simple self-reported respiratory health transition question over 10 years allows predicting part of the long-term trajectory of asthma.

Despite the ever-growing literature on weight-control diets, data about dieting among older adults are scarce.To describe the prevalence of weight-control dieting across age groups and weight statuses (from healthy-weight to overweight and obese). To identify cross-sectional associations of perceived health and perceived overweight status with dieting among older adults.Secondary analyses of the second and third waves of the Midlife in the US study (MIDUS). Sample included 2588 participants (40-93 years old, 54.5% females, age = 64.4 ± 11.1 years, BMI = 28.3 ± 5.9 kg/mAs many as 15% of participants had reported dieting during the previous year. Older age was associated with less dieting among healthy weight (p = .02) and overweight (p .001) participants, but not among participants with obesity (p = .36). Among participants younger than 75, overweight perception (vs. healthy-weight perception) was linked with higher likelihood for dieting (40-55 years: OR = 3.94[1.70-9.1]; 55-65 years: OR = 4.11[1.91-8.82]; 65-75 years: OR = 4.50[1.90-10.65]). Nevertheless, among participants older than 75, excellent (vs. good/fair/poor) perceived health was linked with higher likelihood of dieting (good vs. excellent: OR = 0.29[0.09-0.87]; fair/poor vs. excellent: OR = 0.12[0.03-0.54]).Older age is associated with less weight-control dieting among people without obesity. Although overweight perception may have a stronger impact on dieting during younger age, health perception may have a stronger impact on dieting during older age, suggesting that the motivation behind weight-control diets may potentially change throughout the adult lifespan.