124 results on '"Pause, A"'
Search Results
2. Creating a physician peer support network in an obstetrics and gynecology department: a quality improvement initiative
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Chaudhari, A., primary, Ngo, E., additional, Pause, L., additional, Meyer, J., additional, and Agarwal, G., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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3. Mowing event detection in permanent grasslands: Systematic evaluation of input features from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 time series
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Lobert, Felix, primary, Holtgrave, Ann-Kathrin, additional, Schwieder, Marcel, additional, Pause, Marion, additional, Vogt, Juliane, additional, Gocht, Alexander, additional, and Erasmi, Stefan, additional
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- 2021
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4. Can optoelectronic plethysmography be used to evaluate the thoracoabdominal kinematics of people with morbidly obesity? A systematic review
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Lorenzetti Branco, Joaquim Henrique, primary, Lorenzetti Branco, Ruy Luiz, additional, Ponte Souza Filho, Vicente Paulo, additional, da Silveira, Bruna, additional, Monteiro Pause, Kethlyn Tamara, additional, dos Santos Artismo, Regiana, additional, and Matte, Darlan Laurício, additional
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- 2021
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5. Analytical approaches for the characterization of early synthetic organic pigments for artists’ paints
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Sundberg, B.N., primary, Pause, R., additional, van der Werf, I.D., additional, Astefanei, A., additional, van den Berg, K.J., additional, and van Bommel, M.R., additional
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- 2021
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6. Endofin is required for HD-PTP and ESCRT-0 interdependent endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated transmembrane cargoes
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Kazan, Jalal M., primary, Desrochers, Guillaume, additional, Martin, Claire E., additional, Jeong, Hyeonju, additional, Kharitidi, Dmitri, additional, Apaja, Pirjo M., additional, Roldan, Ariel, additional, St. Denis, Nicole, additional, Gingras, Anne-Claude, additional, Lukacs, Gergely L., additional, and Pause, Arnim, additional
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- 2021
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7. Measuring EGFR plasma membrane density, stability, internalization, and recycling in alive adherent cells by cell surface ELISA
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Jalal M, Kazan, Ariadna, Pollato-Blanco, Gergely L, Lukacs, and Arnim, Pause
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ErbB Receptors ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,General Neuroscience ,Cell Membrane ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,Flow Cytometry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
EGFR cell surface density, stability, internalization, and recycling can be measured by cell surface ELISA (cs-ELISA). Performing this experiment on ice impedes receptor internalization; thus the physiological cell surface receptor levels can be measured by cs-ELISA. Cell surface EGFR levels are detected by measuring Amplex Red fluorescence intensity. Although cell surface receptor levels can be measured by flow cytometry, cs-ELISA does not include cell dissociation steps that might affect cell surface receptor levels. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kazan et al. (2019).
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- 2022
8. Creating a physician peer support network in an obstetrics and gynecology department: a quality improvement initiative
- Author
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A. Chaudhari, E. Ngo, L. Pause, J. Meyer, and G. Agarwal
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Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2022
9. It’s trust or risk? Chemosensory anxiety signals affect bargaining in women
- Author
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Meister, Lukas, primary and Pause, Bettina M., additional
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
10. Mowing event detection in permanent grasslands: Systematic evaluation of input features from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 time series
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Stefan Erasmi, Juliane Vogt, Felix Lobert, Marion Pause, Marcel Schwieder, Ann-Kathrin Holtgrave, and Alexander Gocht
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Earth observation ,Series (stratigraphy) ,Land use ,Backscatter ,Soil Science ,Geology ,Convolutional neural network ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,ddc ,Data set ,Environmental science ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Remote sensing ,Event (probability theory) - Abstract
The intensity of land use and management in permanent grasslands affects both biodiversity and important ecosystem services. Comprehensive knowledge about these intensities is a crucial factor for sustainable decision-making in landscape policy. For meadows, the management intensity can be described by proxies such as the mowing frequency, usually, a higher number of cuts indicate higher intensities. Dense time series of medium resolution (10–30 m) remote sensing data are suitable for the detection of mowing events. However, existing studies revealed a general lack of consensus about the most appropriate input data set for a consistent and reliable mowing detection. We systematically evaluated the synergistic use of acquisitions from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 to detect the occurrence, frequency, and date of mowing events as an indicator of grassland management intensity. Dense time series of NDVI (Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8), γ0 backscatter, backscatter cross-ratio, backscatter second-order texture metrics as well as 6-day interferometric coherence (Sentinel-1) were used as input features. All possible combinations of input features were tested to train a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, which enables enhanced exploitation of the temporal domain of the data. The evaluation was conducted on 64 meadows for an overall of 257 mowing events from 2017 to 2019 in Germany. Our results revealed that the combination of input features improves the detection performance. The highest overall accuracy was reached by a combination of NDVI, backscatter cross-ratio, and interferometric coherence with an F1-Score of 0.84. The mowing frequency was predicted with a mean absolute error of 0.38 events per year, while the date of the events was missed by 3.79 days on average. NDVI time series alone mostly underperformed in comparison to optical/SAR combinations but clearly outperformed input-sets that were solely based on SAR features. The proposed model performed well for meadows with low to medium management intensities but further testing is recommended for highly intensive managed parcels. The results clearly demonstrate the additional value of fusing time series of the three present Earth observation systems that deliver a freely available global coverage of the land surface at medium resolution.
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- 2020
11. The role of olfaction and sex-hormone status in empathy-related measures
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Gamsakhurdashvili, Dali, primary, Antov, Martin I., additional, Lübke, Katrin T., additional, Pause, Bettina M., additional, and Stockhorst, Ursula, additional
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- 2021
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12. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism after ovarian tissue cryopreservation on a 13-year-old female: A case report and review of the literature
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Moussaoui, Dehlia, primary, Bénard, Julie, additional, Yaron, Michal, additional, Bernard, Fanette, additional, Adam, Cécile, additional, Vulliemoz, Nicolas, additional, Bouthors, Thérèse, additional, Andrey, Véronique, additional, Ansari, Marc, additional, Girardin, Céline, additional, and Gumy-Pause, Fabienne, additional
- Published
- 2021
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13. Endothelialization of PDMS-based microfluidic devices under high shear stress conditions
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Siddique, Asma, primary, Pause, Isabelle, additional, Narayan, Suman, additional, Kruse, Larissa, additional, and Stark, Robert W., additional
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- 2021
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14. It’s trust or risk? Chemosensory anxiety signals affect bargaining in women
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Lukas Meister and Bettina M. Pause
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Male ,Axillary sweat ,Emotions ,Anxiety ,Trust ,Affect (psychology) ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Computer software ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sweat ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Social anxiety ,Risk behavior ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Odorants ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Risk taking ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
It is well documented how chemosensory anxiety signals affect the perceiver's physiology, however, much less is known about effects on overt social behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chemosensory anxiety signals on trust and risk behavior in men and women. Axillary sweat samples were collected from 22 men during the experience of social anxiety, and during a sport control condition. In a series of five studies, the chemosensory stimuli were presented via an olfactometer to 214 participants acting as investors in a bargaining task either in interaction with a fictitious human co-player (trust condition) or with a computer program (risk condition). It could be shown that chemosensory anxiety signals reduce trust and risk behavior in women. In men, no effects were observed. Chemosensory anxiety is discussed to be transmitted contagiously, preferentially in women.
- Published
- 2021
15. Chemosensory anxiety signals prime defensive behavior in prepubertal girls
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Bettina M. Pause, Katrin T. Lübke, Benoist Schaal, Matthias Hoenen, Anne Busch, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf [Düsseldorf], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
- Subjects
Male ,Reflex, Startle ,puberty ,[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,Startle response ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Emotions ,Sweating ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Electromyography ,Anxiety ,startle response ,Audiology ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Alarm signal ,Fear-potentiated startle ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,sex hormone ,SWEAT ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Moro reflex ,[SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,[ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,Child ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,[ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,05 social sciences ,Stimulation, Chemical ,Acoustic Stimulation ,chemosensory communication ,[ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Axilla ,Odorants ,Female ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,chemosensory anxiety ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
indexation en cours; Chemosensory anxiety signals effectively prime motor responses related to withdrawal behavior, such as the startle reflex, in adult humans. As the reproductive status strongly affects the response to social chemosignals, the current study examined whether chemosensory anxiety signals would augment the startle response in prepubertal children as it does in adults. Using cotton pads, axillary sweat was collected from 28 men while waiting for an important oral examination (anxiety condition), and during ergometer training (sport control condition). Using a constant-flow olfactometer, sweat samples and pure cotton samples (cotton control) were presented to 10 prepubertal girls aged 9-13years (M=11.25, SD=1.25) for 3000ms during inhalation. White noise bursts of 102dB(A) served as startle probes, and startle responses were recorded via electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle. The girls showed larger startle amplitudes to probes presented in the context of chemosensory anxiety signals as compared to a context of sport control sweat (p
- Published
- 2017
16. Haploinsufficiency of the ESCRT Component HD-PTP Predisposes to Cancer
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Jerry Pelletier, Maud Marques, Sanaz Manteghi, Regina Cencic, Marilène Paquet, Ming Yan, Luc Galarneau, Arnim Pause, Michael Witcher, Francis Robert, Dmitri Kharitidi, and Marie-Claude Gingras
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0301 basic medicine ,Integrins ,Tumor suppressor gene ,Carcinogenesis ,Cell Survival ,Integrin ,Haploinsufficiency ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,ESCRT ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ,03 medical and health sciences ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Cell Movement ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,B-cell lymphoma ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Hemizygote ,Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Tumor progression ,Cancer research ,biology.protein - Abstract
SummaryEndosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) drive cell surface receptor degradation resulting in attenuation of oncogenic signaling and pointing to a tumor suppressor function. Here, we show that loss of function of an ESCRT protein (HD-PTP encoded by the PTPN23 gene, located on the tumor suppressor gene cluster 3p21.3) drives tumorigenesis in vivo. Indeed, Ptpn23+/− loss predisposes mice to sporadic lung adenoma, B cell lymphoma, and promotes Myc-driven lymphoma onset, dissemination, and aggressiveness. Ptpn23+/−-derived tumors exhibit an unaltered remaining allele and maintain 50% of HD-PTP expression. Consistent with the role of HD-PTP in attenuation of integrin recycling, cell migration, and invasion, hemizygous Ptpn23+/− loss increases integrin β1-dependent B cell lymphoma survival and dissemination. Finally, we reveal frequent PTPN23 deletion and downregulation in human tumors that correlates with poor survival. Altogether, we establish HD-PTP/PTPN23 as a prominent haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene preventing tumor progression through control of integrin trafficking.
- Published
- 2016
17. Non-anthropomorphic robots as social entities on a neurophysiological level
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Bettina M. Pause, Katrin T. Lübke, and Matthias Hoenen
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media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Compassion ,Object (philosophy) ,050105 experimental psychology ,Human–robot interaction ,Social relation ,Human-Computer Interaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Action (philosophy) ,Perception ,Robot ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,General Psychology ,Mirror neuron ,media_common - Abstract
The mirror-neuron-system (MNS) is involved in the perception of actions of humans and anthropomorphic robots. The current study investigates whether social interaction with a non-anthropomorphic robot is sufficient for a response of the MNS.Fifty-seven participants observed movements of a vacuum cleaning robot before and after it was handled by its owner. The robot was either humanized, being treated aggressively (n?=?30), or it was treated as an object (n?=?27). Electroencephalographic mu-activity is used as an index of MNS activity, because both are inversely correlated. Activity within the 8-13?Hz band was measured at central (mu-activity) and occipital (alpha-activity) electrodes. Further, the level of aggressiveness displayed by the robot's owner, and the participants' compassion were rated on visual analog scales.Mu-activity showed medium-sized correlations with rated aggressiveness and compassion: The more aggressive the action towards the robot was perceived (r?=?-.379, p?=?.004), and the more compassion was felt for the robot (r?=?-.339, p?=?.010), the less pronounced mu-activity was at electrode C3 in response to the robot's movement.Thus social interaction with a non-anthropomorphic robot might establish the robot as a social entity and is sufficient to activate the human MNS. Social interactions can establish non-anthropomorphic robots as social entities.Participants report compassion for an aggressively treated robot.Perceived aggressiveness towards a robot is negatively correlated with mu-activity.Participant's compassion for a robot is negatively correlated with mu-activity.Results support the theory that mind is attributed to victimized inanimate entities.
- Published
- 2016
18. Investigation of Cooling and Lubrication Strategies for Machining High-temperature Alloys
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Carsten Hochmuth, Andrea Stoll, Katja Busch, Bernhard Pause, Rafael Wertheim, and Publica
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0209 industrial biotechnology ,business.product_category ,Materials science ,Machinability ,cryogenic machining ,Mechanical engineering ,Titanium alloy ,high-pressure cooling ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Machine tool ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Machining ,Lubrication ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,turning ,0210 nano-technology ,Inconel ,business ,General Environmental Science ,Efficient energy use ,Surface integrity - Abstract
Optimal and efficient machining of high-temperature alloys is one of the main goals set by the manufacturing technology today, taking into account the unique properties of these materials, the required performance and the process parameters. One of the most important parameters investigated and presented in this paper is the optimal cooling and lubrication strategy. The application of various hybrid cooling strategies such as high-pressure cooling, cryogenic cooling and aerosol dry lubrication offers the potential to extend profitability and energy efficiency as well as high performance and improved surface integrity. The paper introduces fundamental functions, cooling systems and relationships that characterize the efficient utilization on standard machine tools. Based on fundamental investigations conducted using high-temperature alloys with poor machinability such as Titanium alloy Ti6Al4 V and Inconel 718, relevant influencing parameters are derived and optimization options are presented for the cooling strategies.
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- 2016
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19. Human amygdala activations during nasal chemoreception
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Alexandra Patin and Bettina M. Pause
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Olfactory system ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Emotions ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Olfactory Pathways ,Olfaction ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Amygdala ,Olfactory Perception ,Functional Laterality ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Piriform cortex ,medicine ,Humans ,Orbitofrontal cortex ,Psychology ,Insula ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Neuroanatomy - Abstract
This review serves as a comprehensive discussion of chemosensory stimulation of the amygdala in healthy humans. Following an introduction of the neuroanatomy of chemosensory processing in primary and secondary olfactory structures, functional resonance magnetic imaging and positron imaging tomography studies are systematically categorized based on valence of stimuli, stimulus concentration, and paradigm-dependent amygdala activation. The amygdala shows patterns of lateralization due to stimulus valence. Main findings include pleasant odors being associated with bilateral or left amygdala activation, and unpleasant odors being associated with activation of the right amygdala, suggesting a crucial role of the right amygdala in evolutionary preservation. Potentially threatening social stimuli, however, might be processed apart from the olfactory system and tend to activate the left amygdala. Amygdala response to chemosensory stimuli correlated with simultaneous activation in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), piriform cortex (PC), and insula, suggesting a close-knit network of these areas during stimulus processing.
- Published
- 2015
20. Interplay of Endosomal pH and Ligand Occupancy in Integrin α5β1 Ubiquitination, Endocytic Sorting, and Cell Migration
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Kei Suzuki, Arnim Pause, Marie-Claude Gingras, Junichi Takagi, Ariel Roldan, Pirjo M. Apaja, Sanaz Manteghi, Gergely L. Lukacs, Dmitri Kharitidi, and Elena Malitskaya
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Receptor complex ,Endosome ,Endocytic cycle ,Integrin ,CHO Cells ,Endosomes ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Collagen receptor ,Mice ,Cricetulus ,Cell Movement ,Cricetinae ,Animals ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ,biology ,Ubiquitination ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Cell biology ,Fibronectin ,Protein Transport ,Integrin alpha M ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,biology.protein ,Integrin, beta 6 ,Integrin alpha5beta1 ,Protein Binding - Abstract
SummaryMembrane trafficking of integrins plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation and migration. How endocytosed integrins are targeted either for recycling or lysosomal delivery is not fully understood. Here, we show that fibronectin (FN) binding to α5β1 integrin triggers ubiquitination and internalization of the receptor complex. Acidification facilitates FN dissociation from integrin α5β1 in vitro and in early endosomes, promoting receptor complex deubiquitination by the USP9x and recycling to the cell surface. Depending on residual ligand occupancy of receptors, some α5β1 integrins remain ubiquitinated and are captured by ESCRT-0/I, containing histidine domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP) and ubiquitin-associated protein 1 (UBAP1), and are directed for lysosomal proteolysis, limiting receptor downstream signaling and cell migration. Thus, HD-PTP or UBAP1 depletion confers a pro-invasive phenotype. Thus, pH-dependent FN-integrin dissociation and deubiquitination of the activated integrin α5β1 are required for receptor resensitization and cell migration, representing potential targets to modulate tumor invasiveness.
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- 2015
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21. Prenatal testosterone exposure is associated with delay of gratification and attention problems/overactive behavior in 3-year-old boys
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Körner, Lisa M., primary, Pause, Bettina M., additional, Meinlschmidt, Gunther, additional, Tegethoff, Marion, additional, Fröhlich, Susanne, additional, Kozlowski, Peter, additional, Rivet, Noëllie, additional, Jamey, Carole, additional, Reix, Nathalie, additional, Kintz, Pascal, additional, Raul, Jean-Sébastien, additional, and Heil, Martin, additional
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- 2019
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22. The Transcription Factors TFEB and TFE3 Link the FLCN-AMPK Signaling Axis to Innate Immune Response and Pathogen Resistance
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El-Houjeiri, Leeanna, primary, Possik, Elite, additional, Vijayaraghavan, Tarika, additional, Paquette, Mathieu, additional, Martina, José A., additional, Kazan, Jalal M., additional, Ma, Eric H., additional, Jones, Russell, additional, Blanchette, Paola, additional, Puertollano, Rosa, additional, and Pause, Arnim, additional
- Published
- 2019
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23. Nanopore charge inversion and current-voltage curves in mixtures of asymmetric electrolytes
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Ramirez, Patricio, primary, Manzanares, José A., additional, Cervera, Javier, additional, Gomez, Vicente, additional, Ali, Mubarak, additional, Pause, Isabelle, additional, Ensinger, Wolfgang, additional, and Mafe, Salvador, additional
- Published
- 2018
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24. There is anger in the air - Preferential processing of chemosensory anger signals in men and women
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Storch, D., primary, Luebke, K.T., additional, and Pause, B.M., additional
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- 2018
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25. Species measurements in a nitrogen-diluted, ethylene air diffusion flame using direct sampling mass spectrometry and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
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Maya J. Pause, H. Melroy, J. Houston Miller, and Erin M. Adkins
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Microprobe ,Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy ,Flame test ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Diffusion flame ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mass spectrometry ,medicine.disease_cause ,Nitrogen ,humanities ,Soot ,fluids and secretions ,Mass spectrum ,medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy combined with extractive sampling is used to quantify fuel and acetylene concentrations in a 32% ethylene-diluted, nitrogen diffusion flame. Additional major species concentrations are determined using quartz microprobe, direct-sampling mass spectrometry. Quantification of these mass spectra used a multilinear regression technique anchored by computed nitrogen concentration profiles in a simulation from Yale University. Because of the overlap in mass spectra features for ethylene, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide, both optical and mass spectrometric techniques are required to determine the suite of major species in this flame system. Good agreement is observed between these experimental measurements and numerical simulation of this flame system. Probe clogging in these sooting flames remains a challenge for all probe techniques and additional, non-intrusive optical diagnostics must be applied to characterize flame regions with substantial soot formation.
- Published
- 2015
26. Deriving phenology of barley with imaging hyperspectral remote sensing
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Marion Pause, Andreas Schmidt, Angela Lausch, Daniel Doktor, Ines Merbach, and Christoph Salbach
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Canopy ,Scale (ratio) ,Phenology ,Ecological Modeling ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Statistical model ,Vegetation ,Leaf area index ,Water content ,Remote sensing ,Mathematics - Abstract
The aim of this paper was to create a model that predicts the different phenological BBCH macro-stages of barley in laboratory on the plot scale and to transfer the most suitable model to the landscape scale. To characterise the phenology, eight vitality and phenology-related vegetation parameters like leaf area index (LAI), Chl-SPAD content, C-content, N-content, C/N-content, canopy chlorophyll content (CCC), gravimetric water content (GWC) and vegetation height at the same time as all imaging hyperspectral measurements (AISA-EAGLE, 395–973 nm). These biochemical–biophysical vegetation parameters were investigated according to the different phenological macro-stages of barley. The predictive models were developed using four different types of vegetation indices (VI): (I) published VI’s, (II) reflectance VI’s as well as (III) VI (xy) formula combinations and (IV) a combination of all VI index types using the Library for Support Vector Machines (LibSVM) and tested with a recursive conditional correlation weighting selection algorithm (RCCW) to reduce the number of variables. To increase the performance of the model a 10-fold cross-validation was carried out for all statistical models. The GWC was found to be the most important variable for differentiating between the phenological macro-stages of barley. The most suitable model for predicting the phenological BBCH macro-stages was achieved by a model that combined all three kinds of VI’s: published VI’s, reflectance VI’s and formula combination VI’s with a classification accuracy of 84.80%. With the classification model for the reflectance VI’s Y = 746 nm and for the VI formula combinations Y = (527 + 612) nm and Y = (540 + 639) nm. The best predictive model was applied to the airborne AISA-EAGLE hyperspectral data to model the phenological macro-stages of barley at the landscape level. The classification error of the best predictive model of 12.80% as well as disturbance factors such as channels and areas with weeds or ruderal vegetation lead to misclassifications of BBCH macro-stages at the landscape level. By using One Sensor At Different Scales-Approach (OSADIS), sensor-specific differences in the model building and model transfer can be eliminated. The approach described in the paper for determining the phenology based on imaging hyperspectral RS data shows that in the process of plant phonological development a number of biochemical–biophysical vegetation traits in vegetation change, which can be thoroughly recorded with hyperspectral remote sensing technology. For this reason, hyperspectral RS constitutes an ideal, cost-effective and comparable approach, with whose help vegetation traits and changes can be quantified, which are key for ecological modelling.
- Published
- 2015
27. The ever-evolving role of mTOR in translation
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Bruno D. Fonseca, Nicolas Yelle, Ewan M. Smith, Martin Bushell, Arnim Pause, and Tommy Alain
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Ribosomal Proteins ,Protein Folding ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,RPTOR ,Translation (biology) ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,mTORC2 ,Ribosome ,Hedgehog signaling pathway ,Cell biology ,Ribosomal protein ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Protein biosynthesis ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Phosphorylation ,Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Signal Transduction ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Control of translation allows for the production of stoichiometric levels of each protein in the cell. Attaining such a level of fine-tuned regulation of protein production requires the coordinated temporal and spatial control of numerous cellular signalling cascades impinging on the various components of the translational machinery. Foremost among these is the mTOR signalling pathway. The mTOR pathway regulates both the initiation and elongation steps of protein synthesis through the phosphorylation of numerous translation factors, while simultaneously ensuring adequate folding of nascent polypeptides through co-translational degradation of misfolded proteins. Perhaps most remarkably, mTOR is also a key regulator of the synthesis of ribosomal proteins and translation factors themselves. Two seminal studies have recently shown in translatome analysis that the mTOR pathway preferentially regulates the translation of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Therefore, the role of the mTOR pathway in the control of protein synthesis extends far beyond immediate translational control. By controlling ribosome production (and ultimately ribosome availability), mTOR is a master long-term controller of protein synthesis. Herein, we review the literature spanning the early discoveries of mTOR on translation to the latest advances in our understanding of how the mTOR pathway controls the synthesis of ribosomal proteins.
- Published
- 2014
28. mTORC1 Controls Mitochondrial Activity and Biogenesis through 4E-BP-Dependent Translational Regulation
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Valérie Chénard, Chadi Zakaria, Tommy Alain, Ola Larsson, Simon-Pierre Gravel, Meztli Arguello, Masahiro Morita, Julie St-Pierre, Daina Avizonis, Liang Zheng, Eyal Gottlieb, Yann Nouët, Shannon McLaughlan, Valentina Gandin, Arnim Pause, Nahum Sonenberg, Ivan Topisirovic, Michael Pollak, and Kristina Sikström
- Subjects
Mitochondrial Turnover ,Physiology ,Cell Respiration ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,mTORC1 ,Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 ,Biology ,Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Models, Biological ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Translational regulation ,Protein biosynthesis ,Autophagy ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Eukaryotic Initiation Factors ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Cell Nucleus ,0303 health sciences ,Genome, Human ,Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,EIF4E ,Translation (biology) ,Cell Biology ,Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ,Phosphoproteins ,Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ,Cell biology ,Mitochondria ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Biochemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Multiprotein Complexes ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Energy source ,Biogenesis ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
SummarymRNA translation is thought to be the most energy-consuming process in the cell. Translation and energy metabolism are dysregulated in a variety of diseases including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. However, the mechanisms that coordinate translation and energy metabolism in mammals remain largely unknown. The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) stimulates mRNA translation and other anabolic processes. We demonstrate that mTORC1 controls mitochondrial activity and biogenesis by selectively promoting translation of nucleus-encoded mitochondria-related mRNAs via inhibition of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs). Stimulating the translation of nucleus-encoded mitochondria-related mRNAs engenders an increase in ATP production capacity, a required energy source for translation. These findings establish a feed-forward loop that links mRNA translation to oxidative phosphorylation, thereby providing a key mechanism linking aberrant mTOR signaling to conditions of abnormal cellular energy metabolism such as neoplasia and insulin resistance.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. There is anger in the air - Preferential processing of chemosensory anger signals in men and women
- Author
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B.M. Pause, K.T. Luebke, and D. Storch
- Subjects
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Physiology (medical) ,General Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Anger in ,Anger ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Published
- 2018
30. Phosphatidylinositol-5-Phosphate 4-Kinases Regulate Cellular Lipid Metabolism By Facilitating Autophagy
- Author
-
Lundquist, Mark R., primary, Goncalves, Marcus D., additional, Loughran, Ryan M., additional, Possik, Elite, additional, Vijayaraghavan, Tarika, additional, Yang, Annan, additional, Pauli, Chantal, additional, Ravi, Archna, additional, Verma, Akanksha, additional, Yang, Zhiwei, additional, Johnson, Jared L., additional, Wong, Jenny C.Y., additional, Ma, Yilun, additional, Hwang, Katie Seo-Kyoung, additional, Weinkove, David, additional, Divecha, Nullin, additional, Asara, John M., additional, Elemento, Olivier, additional, Rubin, Mark A., additional, Kimmelman, Alec C., additional, Pause, Arnim, additional, Cantley, Lewis C., additional, and Emerling, Brooke M., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. AMPK Maintains Cellular Metabolic Homeostasis through Regulation of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
- Author
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Rabinovitch, Rebecca C., primary, Samborska, Bozena, additional, Faubert, Brandon, additional, Ma, Eric H., additional, Gravel, Simon-Pierre, additional, Andrzejewski, Sylvia, additional, Raissi, Thomas C., additional, Pause, Arnim, additional, St.-Pierre, Julie, additional, and Jones, Russell G., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Different time course of emotion regulation towards odors and pictures: Are odors more potent than pictures?
- Author
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Dirk Adolph and Bettina M. Pause
- Subjects
Adult ,Reflex, Startle ,Time Factors ,Visual perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Cognitive reappraisal ,Two-factor theory of emotion ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Emotion perception ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,media_common ,General Neuroscience ,Cognition ,Olfactory Perception ,Disgust ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Feeling ,Odor ,Odorants ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Arousal ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The present study assessed emotion regulation in response to chemosensory and visual stimuli. Using cognitive reappraisal, 40 female participants regulated their emotions in response to disgusting pictures and odors, while the startle reflex was elicited and emotion ratings were assessed. Participants reported feeling less negative, and less aroused, while down-regulating their emotions towards both odors and pictures. Although being rated as equally negative and arousing, odor presentations were accompanied by larger startle responses than picture presentations. Furthermore, as compared to pictures emotion regulation towards odors followed a strikingly different time course suggesting less effective emotion regulation in response to disgusting odors. Questionnaire data show that differences between emotion regulation outcome towards odors was not attributable to different regulation strategies used. Thus, the current data suggest a unique role of olfaction in emotion perception, and show that cognitive emotion regulation – although being generally effective – may also be limited.
- Published
- 2012
33. Differential processing of social chemosignals obtained from potential partners in regards to gender and sexual orientation
- Author
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Matthias Hoenen, Bettina M. Pause, and Katrin T. Lübke
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Sex Differentiation ,Personality Inventory ,Sexual Behavior ,Pheromones, Human ,Developmental psychology ,Young Adult ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ,Humans ,Young adult ,Analysis of Variance ,Brain Mapping ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,Electroencephalography ,Homosexuality ,Body odors ,Stimulation, Chemical ,Sexual Partners ,Odor ,Mate choice ,Odorants ,Density analysis ,Sexual orientation ,Female ,Lesbian ,Personality Assessment Inventory ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
On an individual level, human body odors carry information about whether a person is an eligible mate. The current studies investigate if body odors also transmit information about individuals being potential partners in more general terms, namely in regards to gender and sexual orientation. In study 1, 14 gay and 14 heterosexual men were presented with body odors obtained from potential partners (gay male and heterosexual female body odors, respectively) and heterosexual male body odor as a control. In study 2, 14 lesbian and 14 heterosexual women were presented with lesbian female and heterosexual male body odors representing body odors of potential partners, and heterosexual female body odor as a control. Central nervous processing was analyzed using chemosensory event-related potentials and current source density analysis (64-channel EEG recording). Gay and heterosexual men responded with shorter P2 latencies to the body odors of their preferred sexual partners, and lesbian women responded with shorter P2 latencies to body odors of their preferred gender. In response to heterosexual male body odors, lesbian women displayed the most pronounced P3 amplitude, and distinct neuronal activation in medial frontal and parietal neocortical areas. A similar pattern of neuronal activation was observed in gay men when presented with heterosexual male body odor. Both the early processing advantage (P2) for desirable partners' body odors as well as the enhanced evaluative processing (P3, CSD) of undesirable partners' body odors suggest that human body odors indeed carry information about individuals being potential partners in terms of gender and sexual orientation.
- Published
- 2012
34. Novel bisphosphonate inhibitors of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase
- Author
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Serge Zaretsky, Arnim Pause, Joris W. De Schutter, Sarah Welbourn, and Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Subjects
Stereochemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Farnesyl pyrophosphate ,Isopentenyl pyrophosphate ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Biochemistry ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hemiterpenes ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,Polyisoprenyl Phosphates ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Binding Sites ,Diphosphonates ,ATP synthase ,biology ,Geranyl pyrophosphate ,Organic Chemistry ,Active site ,Etidronic Acid ,Bisphosphonate ,Geranyltranstransferase ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Risedronic Acid ,Protein Binding - Abstract
A structure-based approach was pursued in designing novel bisphosphonate inhibitors of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS). Preliminary SAR and structural evidence for the simultaneous binding of these inhibitors into the isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and the geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) substrate sub-pockets of the enzyme are presented.
- Published
- 2010
35. Phosphatidylinositol-5-Phosphate 4-Kinases Regulate Cellular Lipid Metabolism By Facilitating Autophagy
- Author
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Akanksha Verma, Ryan M. Loughran, Alec C. Kimmelman, Zhiwei Yang, Nullin Divecha, David Weinkove, Elite Possik, Lewis C. Cantley, Olivier Elemento, Yilun Ma, Mark R. Lundquist, Jared L. Johnson, Tarika Vijayaraghavan, Jenny C.Y. Wong, Mark A. Rubin, Annan Yang, Katie Seo-Kyoung Hwang, Archna Ravi, Chantal Pauli, Brooke M. Emerling, Marcus D. Goncalves, Arnim Pause, and John M. Asara
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,mTORC1 ,Biology ,Article ,Cell Line ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates ,Lysosome ,Lipid droplet ,Autophagy ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Caenorhabditis elegans ,Molecular Biology ,Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate ,Kinase ,Autophagosomes ,Fasting ,Cell Biology ,Fibroblasts ,Lipid Metabolism ,Cell biology ,Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ,HEK293 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Alternative complement pathway ,TFEB ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
While the majority of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate (PI-4, 5-P(2)) in mammalian cells is generated by the conversion of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI-4-P) to PI-4, 5-P(2), a small fraction can be made by phosphorylating phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI-5-P). The physiological relevance of this second pathway is not clear. Here, we show that deletion of the genes encoding the two most active enzymes in this pathway, Pip4k2a and Pip4k2b, in the liver of mice causes a large enrichment in lipid droplets and in autophagic vesicles during fasting. These changes are due to a defect in the clearance of autophagosomes, which halts autophagy and reduces the supply of nutrients salvaged through this pathway. Similar defects in autophagy are seen in nutrient-starved Pip4k2a(−/−)Pip4k2b(−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in C. elegans lacking the PI5P4K ortholog. These results suggest that this alternative pathway for PI-4, 5-P(2) synthesis evolved, in part, to enhance the ability of multicellular organisms to survive starvation.
- Published
- 2018
36. Increased processing speed for emotionally negative odors in schizophrenia
- Author
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Gabriele Hellmann, Roman Ferstl, Bettina M. Pause, Robert Göder, and Joseph B. Aldenhoff
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Emotions ,Olfaction ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Physiology (medical) ,mental disorders ,Limbic System ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Valence (psychology) ,Evoked Potentials ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Schizophrenia, Paranoid ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Neuroscience ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Smell ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Odor ,Schizophrenia ,Sensory Thresholds ,Scalp ,Odorants ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Major depressive disorder ,Psychology - Abstract
Although olfactory identification deficits in schizophrenia have been repeatedly demonstrated, some studies indicate that schizophrenia patients may also show an olfactory hypersensitivity. In addition, recent evidence points to impaired odor hedonics in schizophrenia. It was the aim of the present study to investigate olfactory information processing in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms, by means of chemosensory event-related potential (CSERP) analysis. To control for modality-specific effects, these data were compared to visual event-related potentials (VERP), and in order to control for disorder-specific effects, the schizophrenia patients were compared to healthy controls as well as to patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In each group, nine subjects were investigated. During EEG recording (32 scalp locations) two odors (positive valence: phenyl-ethylalcohol, negative valence: isobutyraldehyde) were presented using the constant flow method. Afterwards, two colors (red, yellow) were presented. The schizophrenia patients responded to both odors with shorter CSERP latencies than healthy controls and MDD-patients. This effect was most pronounced for the early processing (N1 component) of the emotionally negative odor. However, in response to colors, schizophrenia patients showed increased N1 latencies and a reduced P3 amplitude. It will be discussed whether schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms show a general processing advantage for emotionally negative (threat-related) information.
- Published
- 2008
37. Detection of ATM gene deletion/duplication by multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification in childhood lymphoid malignancies: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
- Author
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Mary Khoshbeen-Boudal, Philippe Maillet, David R. Betts, André-Pascal Sappino, Hulya Ozsahin, and Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Lymphoma ,Tumor suppressor gene ,Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ,Lymphoma/genetics ,Gene Dosage ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Biology ,Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics ,Gene dosage ,Pathogenesis ,Gene Duplication ,Gene duplication ,medicine ,Humans ,Multiplex ,Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification ,Child ,ddc:616 ,Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ,Tumor Suppressor Proteins ,Gene Amplification ,Yohimbine ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Leukemia ,Oncology ,Cancer research ,DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ,Gene Deletion - Abstract
ATM gene alterations have been described in various lymphoproliferative malignancies suggesting that ATM contributes to lymphomagenesis. Using multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification (MLPA), we screened 61 childhood lymphoid malignancies for ATM genomic deletion/duplication. Five samples were found to have a complete deletion or duplication. All the three deletions were found in B-precursor ALL (15%), two were submicroscopic, not detected by standard cytogenetic studies. These observations indicate that as in adult ALL, complete ATM submicroscopic deletion is frequent in childhood B-precursor ALL. As previously hypothesized, these results suggest that ATM may act as a tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of childhood B-precursor ALL.
- Published
- 2008
38. Chemosensory anxiety signals prime defensive behavior in prepubertal girls
- Author
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Lübke, Katrin T., primary, Busch, Anne, additional, Hoenen, Matthias, additional, Schaal, Benoist, additional, and Pause, Bettina M., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Sensitivity of the human mirror neuron system for abstract traces of actions: An EEG-study
- Author
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Hoenen, Matthias, primary, Lübke, Katrin T., additional, and Pause, Bettina M., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Linking Earth Observation and taxonomic, structural and functional biodiversity: Local to ecosystem perspectives
- Author
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Lausch, A., primary, Bannehr, L., additional, Beckmann, M., additional, Boehm, C., additional, Feilhauer, H., additional, Hacker, J.M., additional, Heurich, M., additional, Jung, A., additional, Klenke, R., additional, Neumann, C., additional, Pause, M., additional, Rocchini, D., additional, Schaepman, M.E., additional, Schmidtlein, S., additional, Schulz, K., additional, Selsam, P., additional, Settele, J., additional, Skidmore, A.K., additional, and Cord, A.F., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Chemosensory anxiety signals augment the startle reflex in humans
- Author
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Bernfried Sojka, Anne Ohrt, Bettina M. Pause, Alexander Prehn, and Roman Ferstl
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Reflex, Startle ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Emotions ,Context (language use) ,Stimulation ,Anxiety ,Audiology ,Developmental psychology ,SWEAT ,Moro reflex ,medicine ,Humans ,Sweat ,General Neuroscience ,Stimulation, Chemical ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Odor ,Odorants ,Reflex ,Female ,Augment ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chemosensory anxiety signals can activate behavioral withdrawal systems in humans. Twelve male university students donated their axillary sweat in two situations: right before an oral academic examination (anxiety condition) and during ergometric training (exercise condition). Subjective ratings revealed that the odor donors experienced significantly more anxiety and less pleasure during the anxiety condition than during the exercise condition. Seven subjects (three females) participated in the psychophysiological experiment. The chemosensory stimuli from pooled sweat samples of the donors, and from unused cotton pads (pad condition) were presented via a constant-flow olfactometer. Acoustic startle probes (100 dB (A)) were delivered during and between the presentations of the chemosensory stimuli. Only three subjects were able to discriminate the chemosensory stimuli of the human sweat samples from room air. However, the startle reflex amplitude (EMG of the eyeblink response) recorded in the context of chemosensory anxiety signals was increased, as compared to the amplitude recorded in the context of chemosensory stimuli from either exercise (p = 0.018) or cotton pad (p = 0.012). It is concluded that chemosensory anxiety signals may pre-attentively prime defensive behavior.
- Published
- 2006
42. Are androgen steroids acting as pheromones in humans?
- Author
-
B PAUSE
- Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology - Published
- 2004
43. Treatment of pressure ulcers by serial casting in patients with severe spasticity of cerebral origin
- Author
-
Stefan Rückriem, Herwig Strik, Daniel Meiβner, Max Pause, Jan Mehrholz, Marcus Pohl, and Bettina Hörtinger
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Contracture ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Neurological disorder ,Central nervous system disease ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Spasticity ,Serial casting ,Pressure Ulcer ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Casts, Surgical ,Treatment Outcome ,Muscle Spasticity ,Brain Injuries ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Fenestration ,Complication - Abstract
Pohl M, Ruckriem S, Strik H, Hortinger B, Meiβner D, Mehrholz J, Pause M. Treatment of pressure ulcers by serial casting in patients with severe spasticity of cerebral origin. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:35-9. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of serial casting in the treatment of pressure ulcers caused by severe spasticity. Design: Case series. Setting: A clinic for the rehabilitation of persons with neurologic disorders. Patients: Nine patients with 11 pressure ulcers resulting from severe cerebral spasticity, the ulcers being intractable to conventional management because of repeated friction and/or inaccessibility. Intervention: Serial casting of the limb(s) with the pressure ulcer(s), with either fenestration or a cast arch providing access to the wound. Main Outcome Measures: Improved healing of pressure ulcers, as quantified with the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel classification system. Results: Within a mean of 4.6 weeks, 7 ulcers healed completely and 4 improved markedly. The casting caused no complications. Moreover, extension deficits improved markedly in all patients (105° ± 27° to 17° ± 10°). Conclusion: Serial casting may be a valuable tool in the treatment of pressure ulcers at the extremities of patients with severe cerebral spasticity. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Published
- 2002
44. Reduced olfactory performance in patients with major depression
- Author
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Roman Ferstl, Bettina M. Pause, Josef B. Aldenhoff, Alejandra Miranda, and Robert Göder
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Central nervous system ,Olfaction ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Audiology ,Amygdala ,Developmental psychology ,Olfaction Disorders ,Statistical significance ,medicine ,Humans ,Biological Psychiatry ,Depressive Disorder ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Olfactory Bulb ,Olfactory bulb ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Odor ,Sensory Thresholds ,Major depressive disorder ,Female ,Psychology - Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate olfactory sensitivity and odor evaluations in a homogenous sample of unipolar depressive patients using pure olfactory odors. Twenty-four in-patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were investigated during their acute depressive phase. Eighteen of them participated a second time after successful treatment. A group of healthy subjects, matched by age, sex, and smoking behavior, served as a control. Olfactory sensitivity, as measured by threshold tests, was strongly reduced in patients with severe depression. Additional correlative analyses revealed that the lowered sensitivity could partly be predicted by high depression scores. After successful medical treatment, these sensitivity differences were reduced and did not reach the significance level. The subjective odor evaluations (valence and intensity ratings) were not markedly changed in general. The results reveal that olfactory performance in MDD patients is reduced at an early perceptional level of stimulus processing. It is discussed whether this effect can be attributed to the close functional connection between the main olfactory bulb and the amygdala.
- Published
- 2001
45. Olfactory event-related potentials in patients with brain tumors
- Author
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C. Daniels, Roman Ferstl, Bernfried Sojka, Birgit Gottwald, Hubertus Maximilian Mehdorn, and Bettina M. Pause
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Insecticides ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Acyclic Monoterpenes ,Stimulation ,Olfaction ,Electroencephalography ,Functional Laterality ,Temporal lobe ,Olfaction Disorders ,Sniffing ,Event-related potential ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Humans ,Caproates ,Evoked Potentials ,Oddball paradigm ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain Neoplasms ,Terpenes ,Middle Aged ,Plants ,Temporal Lobe ,Sensory Systems ,Frontal Lobe ,Smell ,Neurology ,Frontal lobe ,Monoterpenes ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology - Abstract
Objective : The aim of the study was to determine how odor processing is altered in patients with unilateral supratentorial brain tumors. Methods : Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) were evaluated in 10 patients with unilateral brain tumors of the frontal or temporal lobe in response to linalool and allylcaproate. Both odors were presented monorhinally by a constant-flow olfactometer. In addition, 20 healthy subjects were examined. While sniffing, the subjects were asked to discriminate the two odors. EEG was recorded from 7 electrode positions (Fz, Cz, Pz, F3/4, P3/4). Amplitudes and latencies of 3 peaks (N1, P2, P3) were measured. To control for effects of modality-non-specific alterations on the olfactory components acoustic event-related potentials (AERPs) were registered by use of an oddball paradigm. Results : Patients with right-sided lesions showed distinct deficits in the discrimination task after stimulation of the right and left nostril. In contrast, patients with left-sided lesions only had an attenuation of correct reactions after left-sided stimulation. In the OERPs, patients with right-sided lesions showed P2- and P3-components with decreased amplitudes at parietal electrode positions. These alterations appeared after ipsi- and contralateral stimulation. Patients with left-sided lesions showed a significant effect of the side of stimulation. Their OERP-amplitudes were decreased after left-sided stimulation but not after right-sided stimulation. After right-sided olfactory stimulation a correlation between the olfactory and the acoustic ERP was seen in patients with right-sided lesions. Conclusions : Olfactory performance of the participating patients was markedly reduced. Patients with right-sided lesions showed bilateral impairment, which would support the importance of the right hemisphere in olfaction. The alteration of the topographic distribution of P2- and P3-amplitudes in patients with right-sided lesions might reflect an impairment of early and late olfactory processing steps.
- Published
- 2001
46. Effect of Metals on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in Human Hepatocyte Cultures
- Author
-
Dilip D. Vakharia, Michael J. Fasco, Ronald Pause, Erin Bessette, Qing Yu Zhang, Laurence S. Kaminsky, and Ning Liu
- Subjects
Arsenites ,Cations, Divalent ,Cell Survival ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ,Toxicology ,Arsenic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ,Metals, Heavy ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Humans ,Drug Interactions ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Biotransformation ,Carcinogen ,Pharmacology ,Fluoranthene ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Anthracene ,Cadmium ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,CYP1A2 ,Molecular biology ,Carcinogens, Environmental ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Enzyme Induction ,Hepatocyte ,Hepatocytes ,Pyrene - Abstract
Environmental cocontamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals could affect the carcinogenic consequences of PAH exposure by modifying PAH induction of PAH-bioactivating CYP1A. The effect of As, Pb, Hg, or Cd (ranked as the most hazardous environmental metals by EPA and ATSDR) on CYP1A1 and 1A2 induction by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBahA), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) has thus been investigated in fresh human hepatocyte cultures. Induction was probed by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, by immunoblots, and by RT-PCR. Uptake of PAHs into the hepatocytes varied according to PAH and liver donor: 84% of 5 microM BaA and 25-40% of 5 microM DBahA was taken up in 24 h. Hepatocytes retained viability up to 1 microM Cd and 5 microM Pb, Hg, or As and 5 microM PAHs. PAH induction of CYP1A in hepatocytes was variable, some cultures expressed CYP1A1 and others CYP1A1 and 1A2, and to variable extents. Induction efficiency (relative to DMSO controls) at 2.5 microM PAH concentration was in the order BkF (7.6-fold) > DBahA (6.1 fold) > BaP (5.7 fold) > BbF (3.9-fold) > BaA (2.5-fold). All four metals (1-5 microM) decreased CYP1A1/1A2 induction by some of the PAHs with dose-, metal-, and PAH-dependency. Arsenic (5 microM) decreased induction by 47% for BaP, 68% for BaA, 45% for BbF, 79% for BkF, and 53% for DBahA. Induced CYP1A2 protein was much more extensively decreased than 1A1 protein, and CYP1A2 mRNA and, to variable extents, CYP1A1 mRNA were decreased by As. Thus the metals in PAH/metal mixtures could diminish PAH carcinogenicity by decreasing induction of their bioactivation by CYP1A1/1A2.
- Published
- 2001
47. Sensitivity to androstenone in female subjects is associated with an altered brain response to male body odor
- Author
-
Karin P Rogalski, Roman Ferstl, Bettina M. Pause, and Bernfried Sojka
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Central nervous system ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Olfaction ,Audiology ,Olfactory Receptor Neurons ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sniffing ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Sex Attractants ,Evoked Potentials ,Oddball paradigm ,Cerebral Cortex ,Androstenone ,Electroencephalography ,Middle Aged ,Specific anosmia ,Smell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Odor ,Sensory Thresholds ,Pheromone ,Androstenes ,Female ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Androstenone is a boar pheromone. and has also been found within different human body fluids. However, it is still unclear whether it carries pheromonal information in humans and whether it contributes significantly to the complex human body odor at all. Some humans fail to perceive the odor of androstenone, but most of these anosmics can achieve sensitivity by daily sniffing. The following study was designed to investigate whether sensitivity to androstenone influences the perception of body odors. Four females osmic to and four females anosmic to androstenone attended two EEG sessions. Anosmics were successfully sensitized to androstenone between sessions. CSERPs (chemosensory event-related potentials) were obtained while subjects perceived their own body odor and a male body odor within an olfactory oddball paradigm. The CSERPs showed a general decrease in amplitude from the first to the second session except for the sensitized anosmics in response to male body odor. The results indicate that the sensitivity to androstenone in females is associated with a stronger brain response to male body odor.
- Published
- 1999
48. Is odor processing related to oral breathing?
- Author
-
Bernfried Sojka, Bettina M. Pause, Kerstin Krauel, and Roman Ferstl
- Subjects
Adult ,Volition ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mouth breathing ,Olfaction ,Nose ,Audiology ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Discrimination, Psychological ,Physiology (medical) ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Evoked Potentials ,Cerebral Cortex ,Analysis of Variance ,Mouth ,Odor perception ,Communication ,business.industry ,Respiration ,General Neuroscience ,Oral breathing ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Exhalation ,Smell ,Electrophysiology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Odor ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
This paper addresses two questions related to the inherent association between breathing and odor perception: Does central nervous processing of odors change when an artificial breathing technique (velopharyngeal closure) is introduced and secondly, does odor processing vary with the oral breathing phase (inhalation or exhalation)? Chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP) were obtained from eight female subjects while they were smelling an odor mixture (citral, eugenol, linalool, menthol and isoamylacetate). Each subject was required to perform spontaneous mouth breathing (120 trials) as well as the velopharyngeal closure technique (120 trials). Simultaneously, a thermistor monitored the phase of the respiratory cycle. The results reveal that the central nervous correlates of odor processing change with the breathing technique but not with the oral breathing cycle. The findings that early stimulus processing is faster (N1 latency) and late stimulus processing more pronounced (P3 amplitudes) when the subjects are breathing spontaneously are discussed with regard to attentional effects. The reduction of the N1 amplitude during the spontaneous breathing condition may be caused by larger latency variations and longer stimulus rise-times. Furthermore, it is concluded that the oral breathing cycle is less important than the nasal breathing cycle for olfactory information transmission.
- Published
- 1999
49. Personality and Olfactory Sensitivity
- Author
-
Roman Ferstl, Gabriele Fehm-Wolfsdorf, and Bettina M. Pause
- Subjects
Extraversion and introversion ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.disease_cause ,Neuroticism ,Developmental psychology ,Heredity ,medicine ,Personality ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Psychology ,Modality (semiotics) ,General Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Even though perceptional abilities have repeatedly been found to be associated with certain personality styles (e.g., extraversion), such connections were reported sparsely for the olfactory modality. Two studies were carried out to investigate the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and 12 personality dimensions (including extraversion and neuroticism). In the first study, single olfactory measurements were compared to repeated measurements. In the second study, twins were recruited as subjects to also examine the heredity of olfactory sensitivity. The results indicate that neuroticism is a stronger predictor for olfactory sensitivity than extraversion. Repeated measurements seem to be necessary to obtain valid data on olfactory performance.
- Published
- 1998
50. Transplantation hépatique réussie après une insuffisance hépatique aiguë et un purpura thrombocytopénique thrombotique acquis
- Author
-
Arni, D., primary, Gumy-Pause, F., additional, Ansari, M., additional, Belli, D., additional, Kremer Hovinga, J.A.C., additional, and McLin, V.A., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
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