Search

Stirring-promoted piezo-photocatalysis based on a three-dimensional foam architecture has great potential applications in wastewater treatment and water splitting. However, the detailed mechanism of stirring-promoted piezo-photocatalysis has not been quantitatively studied, and the utilization of visible light needs to be further improved. In this work, the high solar-driven piezo-photocatalytic ability of graphite carbon nitride (g-C

Zika virus (ZIKV) evolves non-structural proteins to evade immune response and ensure efficient replication in the host cells. Cholesterol metabolic enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) was recently reported to impact innate immune responses in ZIKV infection. However, the vital non-structural protein and mechanisms involved in DHCR7-mediated viral evasion are not well elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that ZIKV infection facilitated DHCR7 expression. Notably, the upregulated DHCR7 in turn facilitated ZIKV infection and blocking DHCR7 suppressed ZIKV infection. Mechanically, ZIKV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B) interacted with DHCR7 to induce DHCR7 expression. Moreover, DHCR7 inhibited TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation, which resulted in the reduction of interferon-beta (IFN-β) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) productions. Therefore, we propose that ZIKV NS4B binds to DHCR7 to repress TBK1 and IRF3 activation, which in turn inhibits IFN-β and ISGs, and thereby facilitating ZIKV evasion. This study broadens the insights on how viral non-structural proteins antagonize innate immunity to facilitate viral infection via cholesterol metabolic enzymes and intermediates.

Ultrasonic stimulation induced polarization behaviors in ferroelectric materials have been extensively explored in catalytic degradations. However, the ultrasonic wave similarly can realize dye degradation by the sonocatalysis behavior, which is always neglected in most reports on in-situ ultrasound-induced piezoelectric catalysis, so that people might overestimate piezocatalytic contributions. For this, we designed a series of visible light sensitive bismuth layered ferroelectric materials (BLFMs), M0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 (MBN, M = Li, Na, and K). It is found that the cavitation-induced degradation rates of Rhodamine B (RhB) strongly depend mechanical stirring speeds under a fixed ultrasonic power, which gradually increases with it, and reaches 77.9% (500 rpm and 3 h). Under lower stirring speed and reaction time (

Most photochromic ceramics can back up post-irradiation to achieve color state transition. Unfortunately, color recovery usually requires exposure of material to external physical fields (such as light and heat), which severely limits the application as a convenient energy building material such as smart windows. Here, we report a kind of sodium niobate translucent ceramics whose photochromic effect can be completely self-recoverable without any external physical field stimulation. Based on the analysis of time-response transmittance, up-conversion emission spectra and thermoluminescence spectra, the behavior of carrier migration and trap capture/release in the process of self-recovery photochromic reaction has been proposed. It is believed that the emergence of intermediate trap level is an important factor to produce this spontaneous behavior. Moreover, by controlling the amount of rare earth doping and designing two types of materials with different carrier behaviors, Sm/Er-codoped NaNbO3 ceramics are regarded as an appropriate candidate for tracing the time of light irradiation and intelligent regulation of smart building materials. This work can promote the fundamental understanding and practical applications of self-recoverable photochromic bulk materials.

Conventionally, interface effects between polymers and fillers are essential for determining the breakdown strength and energy storage density of polymer-based dielectric composites. In this study, we found that interface effects between different fillers have similar behavior. BN and BaTiO3 fiber composite fillers with three different interface bonding strengths were successfully achieved by controlling composite processes (BT-fiber/BN

Inhibiting the recombination of photo-generated charge carriers remains one of the important challenges for photocatalytic materials nowadays. For this, we reported a series of novel bismuth layered structure ferroelectrics: M0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 (M = Li, Na, K) nanosheets prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. The fabricated nanosheets with average thickness size of about 32 nm (Li0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9), 45 nm (Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9), 108 nm (K0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9) possess excellent photodegradation performance to various organic dye pollutants with high concentration of 20 mg/L [Rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO) etc.]. Interestingly, the degradation rate constants of RhB and MO can be further improved by polarization-induced charge separation under ultrasonic-assisted illumination condition, compared with those of light illumination alone, and increased by about 2.5 times for Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 nanosheets. These findings make bismuth layered ferroelectric materials have a potential application in wastewater treatment as a kind of important photocatalysis.

In this work, Tb doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 transparent ceramics were fabricated by a solid-state reaction method. The prepared samples not only exhibit high transmittance (67 % in visible light region and 73 % in IR region), but also show tunable transmittance ratio and luminescent modulation behavior via photochromic reactions. Specifically, the optical transmittance and luminescence intensity can be reversibly modulated by using 407 nm irradiation (20 s) and thermal stimulus (150 °C for 10 s) interchangeably. Their maximum transmittance and luminescence switching contrast are 26.29 % and 92.67 %, respectively. In addition, the various applications of optical data storage including process of data writing/erasing and optical marking have been depicted. The (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3: xTb transparent ceramics as a novel class of solid-state multifunctional materials would offer the prospect of enlarging the applications of photochromic ferroelectric materials.

The intriguing coupling interactions between photochromism and ferroelectric polarization were firstly observed in Sm doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 piezoceramics. After 407 nm irradiation, the maximum polarization (Pmax) and remanent polarization (Pr) intensities were dramatically decreased, whereas the coercive field, leakage current and photocurrent showed the remarkable increase. The variations of the polarization and photocurrent can be reversibly converted by alternating light irradiation and thermal stimulus, suggesting good polarization switching performance. This work provides a new route to effectively modulate ferro-/piezoelectric and photocurrent properties of ferroelectric materials by the non-contact remote control of light.

Osteoporosis is increasingly prevalent, especially among postmenopausal women, both in China and worldwide. In previous work, soy-whey dual-protein (DP) intervention improved muscle status via regulation of gut microbiota. However, little information is available about the relationship between DP supplementation and osteoporosis.In this study, the ovariectomized rat model was used to detect the effect of DP on improving osteoporosis.Significant improvement was observed in bone mineral density, bone microstructure, and bone biomechanics with both DP and zoledronic acid (positive control) intervention. DP supplementation dramatically reduced the levels of serum osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone in ovariectomized rats. Ingestion of DP also resulted in a significant decrease in the number of bone marrow adipocytes and a marked increase in the number of osteoblasts, accompanied by elevated expression of the key regulator osteoprotegerin at both mRNA and protein levels. In the analysis of fecal metabolites and intestinal microbiota, the fat metabolism-related molecules chenodeoxycholate, 21-hydroxypregnenolone, and tetrahydrocorticosterone were markedly upregulated with DP treatment, whereas the content of fatty acids such as oleic acid were significantly downregulated. The abundance of three bacterial taxa (upregulated: Ruminococcaceae UCG_002; downregulated: anaerobic digester metagenome and Enterorhabdus) dramatically changed with DP intervention and was closely associated with fat metabolism-related metabolite content CONCLUSION: These results suggest that DP intervention could improve osteoporosis via regulation of bone marrow adipose tissue content and mesenchymal stem cell lineage differentiation. Furthermore, this effect might be mediated by the interaction between intestinal microbiota and metabolites.

The (1-x) K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xNa0.5Er0.5TiO3 [(1-x)KNN-xNET] ceramics were fabricated by the traditional solid state reaction method. The effects of the NET content on their phase structure, microstructure, photochromism and photo-switching properties were systematically studied. The samples show bright green emission (530 nm, 551 nm) and red emission (660 nm) under 980 nm stimulation at room temperature. Upon visible light irradiation (407 nm), these samples change their color from the initial pale yellow to dark grey. And, luminescence emission intensity can be easily modulated by adjusting the degree of color change. In particular, the color and up-conversion emission can return its initial state by 230 °C thermal stimulation, showing excellent reversibility. These results make it potential applications in many fields such as luminescence switching and optical storage materials as a kind of multifunctional material.

(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 (NBT-BMT) thick films were designed for achieving large recoverable energy-storage density (Wrec). A large Wrec of 40.4 J/cm3 was detected in the thick film for x = 0.4, which was more than 4 times larger than that of the pure NBT film. The addition of BMT induced slim polarization hysteresis (P-E) loops at room temperature. The slim P-E loops improved the difference between the maximum polarization (Pmax) and the remnant polarization (Pr). Besides, a breakdown strength field (BDS) of 2440 kV/cm was also detected in the thick film for x = 0.4. The high BDS was caused by the reduced leakage current density. Furthermore, the thick film for x = 0.4 possessed superior energy-storage stability under different temperature, frequency and electric-field cycling. In addition, 90% of the pulsed discharge energy density could be released in less than 1100 ns by using a pulsed discharge measurement.

Graphical abstract, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is widely used in detection of pathogenic microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2. However, the performance of LAMP assay needs further exploration in the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants test. Here, we design serials of primers and select an optimal set for LAMP-based on SARS-CoV-2 N gene for a robust and visual assay in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The limit of detectable template reaches 10 copies of N gene per 25 μL reaction at isothermal 58℃ within 40 min. Importantly, the primers for LAMP assay locate at 12 to 213 nt of N gene, a highly conservative region, which serves as a compatible test in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Comparison to a commercial qPCR assay, this LAMP assay exerts the high viability in diagnosis of 41 clinical samples. Our study optimizes an advantageous LAMP assay for colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants, which is hopeful to be a promising test in COVID-19 surveillance.

Piezocatalysis has been considered as a promising technology in water pollution treatment. In this work, a series of piezoelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method using different titanium sources as titanium precursors. The piezocatalytic performances of the NBT nanoparticles were investigated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) with the concentration of 10 mg/L under ultrasonic vibration. It is found that the NBT nanoparticles prepared by using anatase titanium oxide as titanium precursor show optimum piezocatalytic activity and the rate constant of 0.022 min−1 is achieved for RhB. The initial RhB concentration, ultrasonic power, particles size and specific surface area of NBT materials play an important role in optimizing the piezocatalytic performance. Moreover, the NBT nanoparticles show a satisfactory stability and reusability for the piezocatalytic degradation. The piezocatalytic mechanism of NBT nanoparticles was elucidated by the identification of free radicals and intermediates in the degradation process. The work provides a guidance to design and develop new high-performance piezocatalysts.

In this paper, the effectiveness of a semi-analytical BEM in studying the vibration mitigation of wave impeding block (WIB) in layered soil under horizontal loads is verified by field tests, subsequently the performance of WIB in mitigating the vibrations of ground subjected to horizontal-rocking excitations were investigated by numerical analysis using the verified BEM. Two types of layered half-space model under the horizontal-rocking excitations (site A: the stiff soil ground with relatively soft overlying soil layer, site B: the soft soil ground with relatively stiff overlying soil layer) are considered. Test and numerical results indicate that WIB can achieve desired vibration isolation effectiveness in layered soils under both the horizontal and horizontal-rocking coupled excitations. With the decrease of the embedded depth, the performance of WIB for vibration mitigation improves in layered ground under horizontal excitation. For horizontal-rocking coupled excitation, WIB reduces ground vibration by 50–70% at zones over one diameter of WIB (10 m) away from the vibration source; at zones within one diameter of WIB, peak AR value occurs, and the peak values are beyond 1.0 (2.0 in site A and 12.5 in site B at normalized distance D = 0.75) in radial direction. WIB behaves generally better in site A than in site B.

The generation of high-silica magma is generally considered to occur as a result of liquid-crystal segregation from a crystal mush. Yet whether high-silica melts could undergo significant fractionation process after the segregation remains unclear. This study contributes to this topic through the lens of zircon geochemistry of the ~130 Ma high-silica granite in the Tengchong block, SW China. The high-silica granite, with SiO2 ~76%, displays low Zr/Hf and EuN/Eu*N, and high Rb/Sr ratios. The zircons crystallized from the granite can be divided into two groups. The group 1 zircons are characterized by lower Hf ( 12,200 ppm), and display elevated U values (936–2429 ppm, averaging 1557 ppm) and Yb values (755–1556 ppm, averaging 1134 ppm), as well as lower EuN/Eu*N (0.01–0.1). The increasing Hf content from group 1 to group 2 zircons, presence of fluorite inclusions in high-Hf zircon, and similarity in Hf isotope between the two groups of zircon consistently support the high-silica granite has witnessed a highly fractionated crystallization process. The presence of these two groups of zircons is considered to reflect two-stage in-situ fractionation processes, which display distinct REE (rare earth elements) compositions in the magma system in response to differing precipitated mineral assemblages. In light of the change of zircon REE within each group, the percentage of minerals co-precipitating with zircons in each stage was estimated. The results showed that 35.24% quartz, 18.60% feldspar, 0.25% apatite, 0.14% zircon, 0.12% allanite, and 0.05% titanite fractionated in the early stage, and 67.50% quartz, 23.41% feldspar, 0.15% zircon, 0.10% allanite, 0.07% apatite, and 0.06% titanite fractionated in the second stage. The discovery of different zircons and corresponding estimation in this study provide a new line of evidence for the fractionation of high-silica melt.

Dielectric materials with high energy-storage density and efficiency have great potential applications in modern electric and electronic devices. In this work, a series of 0.9(0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)-0.1NaNbO3 (BNT-BT-NN) ferroelectric thin films were deposited on LaNiO3 (LNO) bottom electrodes by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The effects of different annealing temperature on microstructure, dielectric property and energy-storage performance of these thin films were studied in detail. Post-deposition annealing of BNT-BT-NN thin films at an appropriate temperature of 650 °C was found to greatly improve the film structure and enhance the electrical characteristics, such as dense structure, smooth surface, low leakage current density, high breakdown strength (BDS) and large difference between maximum and remanent polarization. As a result, a huge energy-storage density of 32 J/cm3 and a large energy-storage efficiency of 90% were achieved under 3170 kV/cm in the thin film which was annealed at 650 °C. Moreover, the thin film exhibited a stable energy-storage performance under different temperature and frequency. Therefore, BNT-BT-NN thin film with proper annealing temperature is a promising candidate for high energy-storage capacitors.

[0.9(0.94Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3−0.06BaTiO3)−0.1NaNbO3]-xZnO (NBT-BT-NN-xZnO, x=0, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt%) ferroelectric ceramics were fabricated using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The effects of ZnO content on dielectric, energy-storage and discharge properties were systematically investigated. Dielectric constant and difference between maximum and remanent polarization were significantly improved by ZnO doping. Dielectric constant of NBT-BT-NN-1.0-wt% ZnO was 3218 at 1 kHz and room temperature, i.e. one time bigger than that of pure NBT-BT-NN ceramic. As a consequence, a maximum energy-storage density of 1.27 J/cm3 with a corresponding efficiency of 67% was obtained in NBT-BT-NN-1.0-wt% ZnO ceramic. Moreover, its pulsed discharge energy density was 1.17 J/cm3, and 90% of which could be released in less than 300 ns. Therefore, ZnO doped NBT-BT-NN ceramic with a large energy-storage density and short release time could be a potential candidate for applications in high energy-storage capacitors.

Silicon is one of the most promising candidates for next-generation anode of Lithium-ion batteries. However, poor electrical conductivity and large volume change during alloying/dealloying hinder its practical use. Here we reported a three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen and sulfur codoped graphene supported silicon nanoparticles composite (SN-G/Si) through one-step hydrothermal self-assembly. The obtained SN-G/Si was investigated in term of instrumental characterizations and electrochemical properties. The results show that SN-G/Si as a freestanding anode in LIBs delivers a reversible capacity of 2020 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles with coulombic efficiency of nearly 97%. The excellent electrochemical performance is associated with the unique structure and the synergistic effect of SN-G/Si, in which SN-G provides volume buffer for nano Si as the flexible loader, short paths/fast channels for electron/Li ion transport as porous skeleton, and low charge-transfer resistance.

Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) always attracts much attention owing to its importance in promising applications of industrial devices. Although GMI effect of ribbons have been studied for years, the composite ribbons coated with various films are still attractive due to its high sensitivity with respect to the applied magnetic field. Mostly, the magnetic properties were commonly inspected by hysteresis loops, which may not sensitive enough for Fe-based composite ribbons. Herein, by using both hysteresis loops and the GMI measurement, the magnetic properties of the FINEMT ribbons coated with different thickness of Ni 80 Fe 20 film on free side, wheel side and twin sides have been thoroughly analyzed. It is revealed that the shift of anisotropy direction from preferable transverse to partially longitudinal as the film thickness increased, which affected the interaction between ribbon and Ni 80 Fe 20 coating. Moreover, the asymmetric GMI response could be obtained on the ribbon coated with Ni 80 Fe 20 film on single side, whereas the symmetric GMI response was observed for twin-side coating, which indicated the dipole interaction in the composite ribbons. We found that the ribbon with 260 nm Ni 80 Fe 20 film showed the optimized transverse anisotropy, leading to the smallest H c and the optimal soft magnetic properties. Hence, GMI measurement can be a sensitive alternative tool to investigate dipole interaction, which can be employed to manufacture novel linear GMI sensors and to properly regulate the operation field.

Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are emerging and widespread disinfection byproducts (DBPs), but their toxicological mechanisms to aquatic organisms remain elusive. Herein, we evaluated oxidative stress, cardiac toxicity, and cerebral toxicity after 2, 6-dichloro-1, 4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) exposure in zebrafish. Adult zebrafish were respectively exposed to 0.25, 0.5, and 1 μM 2,6-DCBQ for 96 h. The mortality rate of 2,6-DCBQ (1 μM) was 10%, while the LC50 value was 1.532 μM. Besides, 2,6-DCBQ exposure caused irregularity and elimination of myocardial fiber in the heart, and the pyknosis of nuclears and the agglutination of chromatin in the brain. We measured the 2,6-DCBQ-induced oxidative stresses in the heart and brain. Additionally, the glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly inhibited. To better understand the potential toxicity of 2,6-DCBQ, transcriptomic analysis was performed in the control and 1 μM group after 96 h exposure. As a result, 545 and 1228 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the heart and brain, respectively. GO analysis revealed that these DEGs were primarily enriched in blood vessel development, vasculature development, and oxidoreductase activity in the heart; response to stimulus, nervous system development, and oxidoreductase activity in the brain. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly enriched in VEGF signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway in the heart; neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway in the brain. These findings exposed the underlying toxicity mechanism of 2,6-DCBQ exposure on zebrafish cardiovascular and brain systems.

Highlights • ZnO/ZnS nanostructures with type-II heterojunction are successfully synthesized. • Heterojunction nanotube exhibits better sonophotocatalysis than nanorod. • Effect of morphology on piezoelectric is experimentally and simulatively studied. • Morphology engineering can affect sonophotocatalysis through turning piezoelectric., Sonophotocatalysis is one of the most significant outcomes of the exploration of the interaction between piezoelectric field and charge carriers, which exhibits potential applications in dye degradation, water splitting, and sterilization. Although several heterojunction catalysts have been applied to improve the sonophotocatalytic capability, the importance of the morphology on the sonophotocatalytic capability has not been emphasized. In this study, brush-like ZnO nanorod arrays are synthesized on a stainless-steel mesh and subsequently vulcanized into ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanorod arrays to investigate the sonophotocatalytic capability of the heterojunction. The sonophotocatalytic capability increases from 25.1% to 45.4% through vulcanization. Afterward, the ZnO/ZnS nanorods are etched to ZnO/ZnS nanotubes without affecting the crystallography and distribution of the ZnS nanoparticle shell, further improving the capability to 63.3%. The improvement can be ascribed to the coupling effect of the enhanced piezoelectric field and the reduced migration distance, which suppresses the recombination of photoexcited electron–hole pairs while transforming the morphology from nanorod to nanotube, as proven by the electron spin resonance test and numerical simulations. This study explores a novel approach of morphology engineering for enhancing the sonophotocatalytic capability of heterojunction nanoarrays.

Sericin, a bioactive protein forming the outer layer of silk, promotes cell proliferation and cell adhesion, inhibits inflammation, and provides nutrition. Here, we obtain endotoxin-free sericin and explore its potential property in antiviral activity towards infectious diseases. In vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection model, pre-treatment with sericin obviously inhibits VSV replication and reduces organ injury in infected mice. Further studies reveal that pre-incubating cells with sericin results in suppressing the infections of VSV and Enterovirus 71 (EV71) in infected cells. More evidences show that upon virus infection, the levels of interferons (IFNs) are significantly elevated in the cells pre-incubated with sericin as compared to untreated cells, indicating that sericin promotes virus-induced antiviral immune responses. Mechanistically, sericin attenuates cell glycolysis rate and reduces lactate production. Low level of lactate benefitting from sericin treatment facilitates the RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway to initiate interferon activation. Notably, like sericin, a sericin-derived peptide F5-SP shares the same functions to exert antiviral activity both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we report that sericin and sericin-derived peptide F5-SP enhance antiviral innate immune response through inhibiting lactate production, which discovers a promising biomedical application of sericin in the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases.

Rare earth doped photochromic materials reveal great potential applications in optical memory storage devices due to their excellent reversible luminescence modulation behavior. Nevertheless, the unicolor emission and unimode luminescence modulation in photochromic materials by singly doped rare earth ions difficultly realize the effective optical data readout, then restricting their practical applications in display technology and multifunctional optical devices. Here, the multicolor and multimode luminescent modulation based on photochromic reactions were successfully obtained in Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 system, utilizing the energy transfer engineering. The obtained samples exhibit excellent optical transparent (48% in visible light region and 61% in IR region) and multicolor emission from green, yellow-green, yellow, orange to red. After light irradiation, the emission intensity at 546 nm (green emission) and 612 nm (red emission) decreased significantly. The maximum luminescence switching contrast reach up to 68.93% (ΔRIgreen) of x = 0.004, and 69.77% (ΔRIred) of x = 0.016, respectively. The luminescence modulation ratio shows strong dependence on excitation wavelength and Eu contents, and optical transparent can also realize an effective reversible modulation based on photochromic reaction. The energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ forming two luminescent centers, then part of the energy is absorbed by color centers, which is the source of the multicolor emission and multimode luminescent modulation. These results may provide a new insight for designing multifunction transparent optical storage devices.

The immense potential of dielectric capacitor for use in energy-storage applications has propelled much recent research and development. Here, we prepared a kind of lead-free ferroelectric thick films of Fe-doped (Na0.85K0.15)0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NKBT-Fex, x = 0, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04). The effects of Fe3+ contents on the microstructure, dielectric properties and energy-storage performances of NKBT thick films were studied in detail. The studies on complex impedance spectroscopic were also carried out for NKBT-Fe0.02 thick film at different temperature from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. By Fe doping, the leakage current of the NKBT-Fex thick films was greatly reduced, while the breakdown strength (BDS) and the difference between the maximum polarization and remanent polarization were enhanced. These characteristics lead to excellent energy-storage performances with good temperature and frequency stability. In particular, a maximum energy-storage density (W) of 33.3 J/cm3 with an efficiency (η) of 51.3% was achieved in the NKBT-Fe0.02 thick film. These results open up a promising feasible route to enhance the energy-storage performances by properly element doping.

Anomalous basal stacking faults have frequently been observed inside 10 1 − 2 twins in deformed hcp metals. In this work, we report transmission electron microscopy observation of basal stacking faults inside 10 1 − 1 twins. These stacking faults present similar characteristics to those inside 10 1 − 2 twins. To reveal the formation mechanism, we performed atomistic simulations. The results show that the stacking faults are not mediated by partial dislocations. Lattice transformation analysis based on classical twinning theory shows that very large atomic shuffles (~ 0.16 nm) perpendicular to the twinning shear are required for twinning and responsible for the formation of these stacking faults.

BACKGROUND: Oncolytic adenoviruses show promise in targeting gliomas because they do not replicate in normal brain cells. However, clinical responses occur only in a subset of patients. One explanation could be the heterogenic expression level of virus receptors. Another contributing factor could be variable activity of tumor antiviral defenses in different glioma subtypes. METHODS: We established a collection of primary low-passage cell lines from different glioma subtypes (3 glioblastomas, 3 oligoastrocytomas, and 2 oligodendrogliomas) and assessed them for receptor expression and sensitivity to human adenovirus (HAd) serotypes 3, 5, and 11p. To gauge the impact of antiviral defenses, we also compared the infectivity of the oncolytic adenoviruses in interferon (IFN)-pretreated cells with IFN-sensitive Semliki Forest virus (SFV). RESULTS: Immunostaining revealed generally low expression of HAd5 receptor CAR in both primary tumors and derived cell lines. HAd11p receptor CD46 levels were maintained at moderate levels in both primary tumor samples and derived cell lines. HAd3 receptor DSG-2 was reduced in the cell lines compared to the tumors. Yet, at equal multiplicities of infection, the oncolytic potency of HAd5 in vitro in tumor-derived cells was comparable to HAd11p, whereas HAd3 lysed fewer cells than either of the other two HAd serotypes in 72 hours. IFN blocked replication of SFV, while HAds were rather unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Adenovirus receptor levels on glioma-derived cell lines did not correlate with infection efficacy and may not be a relevant indicator of clinical oncolytic potency. Adenovirus receptor analysis should be preferentially performed on biopsies obtained perioperatively., published version, peerReviewed

Lead-free Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 Ti 1−x Mn x O 3 (NBTMn x , x=0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) ferroelectric thick films have been fabricated on LaNiO 3 /Si(100) substrate by using a polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified sol-gel method and the effects of Mn content on their microstructure, dielectric properties and energy-storage performance were investigated. Compared with the pure Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT) thick films, NBTMn x thick films exhibited a large enhancement in dielectric properties and energy-storage performance. Particularly, a giant recoverable energy-storage density ( W ) of 30.2 J/cm 3 and the corresponding efficiency ( η ) of 47.7% were obtained in NBTMn 0.01 thick film at 2310 kV/cm. Moreover, the NBTMn 0.01 thick film displayed good energy-storage stability over a large temperature range at different frequency.

Sm-modified Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 ceramics can simultaneously exhibit both visible light-driven photochromism and photoluminescence. Upon visible light irradiation, these materials change their color from green to dark gray, while exhibiting a strong red emission at 603 nm due to the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition, whose emission intensity strongly depends on the irradiation wavelength, intensity, and time, and significantly decreases with increasing irradiation time and intensity. By alternating visible light or sunlight (λ > 400 nm) irradiation and thermal stimulus, both luminescence and absorption intensity can be reversibly switched without any significant degradation between the two colored and bleached states, with excellent reproducibility. On the basis of the trapped charge carrier and exponential relaxation decay models, we herein provide a detailed understanding of the photochromism and luminescence modulation mechanisms.

Effects of thickness on dielectric properties and electrocaloric effect (ECE) of Pb 0.82 Ba 0.08 La 0.10 (Zr 0.90 Ti 0.10 )O 3 (PBLZT) antiferroelectric (AFE) thick films were systematically studied. As the thickness was increased, the Curie temperature of the thick films was increased, while their diffusing behavior was reduced. A giant reversible adiabatic temperature change of ΔT = 25.1 °C at room temperature was achieved in the PBLZT AFE thick film with a thickness of 1.0 μm. At the same time, the 1.0-μm-thick film had an electrocaloric coefficient of Δ T/ Δ E = 0.036 K cm/kV and a refrigeration efficiency of COP = 6.0 at room temperature. In addition, all samples had a low leakage current density of −6 A/cm 2 at room temperature. These results indicated that the PBLZT AFE thick films could be used for applications in solid-cooling devices by properly controlling their thickness.