1. Experimental investigations of the performance of a flat-plate solar collector using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids
- Author
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Waqar Ahmed, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Mohd Ridha Muhammad, Salim Newaz Kazi, Asif Afzal, Fausto Pedro García Márquez, Elham Montazer, Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir, Wail Sami Sarsam, and Naveed Akram
- Subjects
Materials science ,020209 energy ,Analytical chemistry ,Oxide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,Heat capacity ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Nanofluids ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Viscosity ,Nanofluid ,Thermal conductivity ,020401 chemical engineering ,Heat transfer ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Building and Construction ,Pollution ,General Energy ,chemistry ,Distilled water ,Solar collector ,Carbon ,Thermophysical - Abstract
Covalently functionalized carbon nanoplatelets and non-covalent functionalized metal oxides nanoparticles (surfactant-treated) have been used to synthesize water-based nanofluids in this paper. To prove nanofluid stability, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is used, and the results show that nanofluid is stable for sixty days for carbon, and thirty days for metal oxides. The thermophysical properties are evaluated experimentally and validated with theoretical models. Thermal conductivities of f-GNPs, SiO2, and ZnO nanofluids are enhanced with 25.68%, 11.49%, and 15.42%, respectively. Lu-Li and Bruggeman's thermal conductivity models are correctly matched with the experimental data. Similarly, the viscosity, density, and specific heat capacity of nanofluids are measured and compared with theoretical models. The enhancement in density, specific heat and viscosity of f-GNPs, ZnO, and SiO2 nanofluids are 0.12%, 0.22%, and 0.12%; 1.54%, 0.96%, and 0.73%; 12%, 9.41%, and 24.05% respectively in comparison of distilled water. A flat-plate solar collector is installed, and its thermal performance is evaluated by using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids, following the 2 ASHRAE standard 93-2003, at different heat flux intensities (597, 775, and 988 W/m2 ), mass flow rates (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg/min), inlet fluid temperatures (30-50C) and the weight concentrations (0.025- 0.2%). The thermal efficiency of the flat-plate solar collector is measured for distilled water and compared with the weight concentration (0.025- 0.2%) of functionalized carbon and metal oxide-based nanofluids. A comparison of 0.1wt% water-based nanofluids can be sequenced f-GNPs > ZnO > SiO2 as a result of a percentage improvement of thermal efficiency of the flat-plate solar collector’s obtained at a mass flow rate of 1.6 kg/min with values of 17.45% > 13.05% > 12.36%, respectively in comparison to water.
- Published
- 2021