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To assess the use of intraoperative IV ketorolac (Toradol) on the peri-operative total morphine milligram equivalent (MME) requirements of patients undergoing ureteroscopy for nephrolithiasis.Patients undergoing ambulatory ureteroscopy for nephrolithiasis were randomized to receive ketorolac at time of anesthesia induction. Patients and surgeons were blinded to treatment. Intraoperative, postoperative and combined MME were calculated. Multivariable regression was used to identify independent predictors of MME requirement. Complications were recorded.A total of 94 patients were analyzed following randomization. There were 46 patients in the treatment arm and 48 patients in the control arm. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, BMI, operative length or baseline pain medication use between groups (P.05). Patients in the treatment arm required lower intraoperative MME when compared to the control arm (17.1 vs 24, P.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative MME requirements between groups. The combined peri-operative MME was lower in the treatment arm compared to the control arm (22.2 vs 30.4, P.02). Ketorolac use was an independent predictor of lower MME use on multivariable analysis (beta coefficient -5.1, P.01). There was no statistically significant difference with regards to complication numbers between the treatment arms.Ketorolac during ureteroscopy is associated with a 37% reduction in narcotic requirement and is an independent predictor of decreased peri-operative narcotic needs. These findings show that intra-operative use of ketorolac effectively reduces narcotic requirements and should be considered independently or as part of a multimodal pain control protocol, unless otherwise contraindicated.

In this paper the design of synchronous frame DQ control based double loop control for single phase inverter in distributed generation system is proposed. For synchronous frame control, the orthogonal signal is generated by second order generalized integrator method. In Dual-loop control systems, the inner capacitor current feedback control and outer synchronous frame control is used to achieve better performance with zero steady state error. The better performance of load is achieved by providing load current as an additional feedback instead of using inductor current feedback. The proposed system is simulated using Matlab and results were presented. The designed controller gives the inverter output voltage with good transient response and reduced harmonic distortion.

This article proposes a new control method based on a sinusoidal-width modulation (PWM) scheme to control the voltage of the I-type inverter. The four-stage FC type I inverter has fewer switches and components than the classic and advanced four-stage inverter, making this chassis attractive for high-performance high voltage applications. This structure was designed and studied assuming a constant current source rather than a flying capacitor. In this circuit, a medium power single phase rectifier is designed to balance the voltage of the flying capacitor. The efficiency and qualification of the proposed control methods are evaluated experimentally under constant and temporary conditions and at various modulation rates and loads. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the control method developed to control the capacitor voltage.

Background The number of lead extractions is growing because of the greater population and increasing age of individuals with a cardiac implantable electronic device. Lead extraction procedures can be complex undertakings with risk of significant mortality, and vascular tears in the superior vena cava are of greatest concern. Objective The purpose of this study was to study whether a novel algorithm that analyzes pre-extraction computed tomographic (CT) images can determine the likelihood and location of lead–lead interactions and lead–vessel attachment within patients' venous vasculatures. This information can be used to identify potential case challenges in the planning stages. Methods We developed an algorithm to estimate the presence and position of lead–lead interactions and lead–vessel adherences by tracking distance between the leads and distance between the lead and superior vena cava in a sample of 12 patients referred to the United Heart and Vascular Clinic for lead extractions due to infection (n = 5), lead failure (n = 5), and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 2). Results Preliminary results indicate that the developed algorithm successfully identified lead–lead and lead–vascular attachments compared to review of CT images by medical experts. Conclusion With future validation and clinical implementation, this algorithm could aid physician preparedness by minimizing intraprocedural emergencies and may improve patient outcomes.

In this research, eight biologically significant novel mixed ligand complexes were prepared from 9-Anthraldehyde, 4-Aminoantipyrine, 1,10-Phenanthroline and metal chlorides. The synthesized compounds were characterized by different physicochemical and multispectral investigation and revealed that the compounds possess octahedral geometry with monomeric nature. The biological potential of compounds was analyzed by biological evaluation studies. DNA synergy techniques revealed that the prepared compounds are bound to the DNA through an intercalated pathway. Moreover, the DNA nuclease activity demonstrates that the synthesized compounds cleaved the pBR 322 DNA with H 2 O 2 . The antimicrobial screening of the compounds have performed against certain pathogens and reports explained that the complexes were excellent antipathogenic screeners. The anti-proliferative and free radical scavenging studies of synthesized compounds implied that compounds have an admirable anticancer skill as well as intense scavenger ability due to the presence of heterocyclic secondary ligand. The apoptosis analysis signified that synthesized complexes have outstanding aptitude on breast tumour cell lines and initiated the morphological changes leads to cell death. The ADMET prediction revealed that prepared compounds have greater drug-likeness proficiency. Molecular docking simulations have been analyzed to identify the binding affinity and the mode of interaction of the synthesized compounds with nucleic acid (1BNA) and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR).

The synthesis and structural characterization of novel mixed ligand complexes derived from 9-anthraldehyde, 2-amino-3-hydroxy pyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and metal chlorides are reported. The synthesized mixed ligand complexes are characterized by multispectral techniques such as UV‐Visible, FT-IR, EPR, NMR, ESI-mass analysis and other physicochemical analysis like elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements. Moreover, the mixed ligand complexes have strived for their biological future. The biological studies involved are DNA interaction (binding and damage), antimicrobial, antiproliferative studies and free radical scavenging ability studies. The DNA interaction studies are accomplished by UV‐Visible absorption titration, viscosity measurement, which exposed that the synthesized compounds could interplay with CT-DNA through non-covalent interaction of phenanthroline co-ligand by the way of intercalative binding mode. Additionally, the antimicrobial assay specified that the mixed ligand complexes are excellent antimicrobial agents against various pathogens. The gel electrophoresis scrutiny clearly evinced that the prominent DNA cleavage activity of the mixed ligand complexes to divide the supercoiled pUC 19 DNA. The in-vitro antiproliferative activities of the mixed ligand complexes are explored on MCF-7, Hep G2, HBL-100 cell lines using an MTT assay. The morphological changes of the nucleus are explored using Hoechst 33258 staining apoptosis assay. The antioxidant possessions manifest that the mixed ligand complexes have desirable proficiency to scavenge the hydroxyl radical than the ligand. The prediction of in-silico ADMET property revealed that the Schiff base ligand possesses appreciable drug-likeness characters according to Lipinski's regulations. The prediction of PASS biological activity explains that the synthesized ligand holding the excellent biological potential against various diseases. Eventually, the molecular docking studies are achieved to comprehend the nature of binding of the synthesized ligand and mixed ligand complexes with COX-2 protein and DNA.

A novel series of 4-aminoantipyrine derived transition metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods like elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements and multispectral techniques such as FT-IR, UV–Visible, NMR, EPR, ESI-mass analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The DMSO solutions of the metal complexes show low molar conductance values, which might be due to the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The spectral analysis imply that the metal complexes hold octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. The synthesized compounds were performed for their biological perspective studies such as DNA interaction (binding and damage), antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant activities. The binding nature of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been investigated by electronic absorption titration and viscosity measurements. The DNA binding measurement results reveal that the synthesized complexes interact with DNA through intercalation mode. In addition, DNA cleavage studies demonstrates that ability of the complexes show oxidative cleavage of pUC19 DNA in the presence of activator. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against a set of microbes. The in-vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was examined on MCF-7, HepG2, HBL-100 cell lines using an MTT assay. Moreover, the antioxidant activity shows that the metal complexes have the ability to break preferably the hydroxyl radical than the ligand. The in silico ADMET studies reveal that Schiff base ligand and complexes possess greater biological potential. The prediction of activity spectra for substance (PASS) for synthesized ligand explains to support the drug-like nature of the compound. The molecular docking studies have been performed to identify the nature of binding of the compounds with DNA and COX-2 enzyme.

In this Study, Taguchi method and regression analysis has been used to optimize the machining parameters during the CNC turning of EN-45 spring steel by plain carbide cutting tool. Experiments were designed and conducted by L18- orthogonal array. The surface roughness and material removal rate were optimized by considering cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut as machining parameters. The ANOVA was obtained using Minitab 18 statistical software. A comparison between dry and wet machining is done after the ANOVA and regression analysis. For Surface Roughness, the speed and feed was directly proportional while DOC is inversely proportional. i.e.; with increase in DOC, Ra decreases. In case of MRR all three parameters were found to be proportional, i.e.; with increase in speed, feed and DOC the MRR increased.

Lead extraction procedures have a low but real risk of major complications, such as superior vena cava tear and cardiac tamponade. Complications during lead removal are commonly related to lead binding sites, lead malposition, and lead perforation. Lead extraction imaging may indicate lead vascular binding sites, lead position, and perforation. Several imaging modalities are available, including chest radiograph, cardiac computed tomography, and echocardiography. The information provided by various imaging modalities will help assess the challenges of each lead extraction procedure and allows for better preprocedure planning.

We report the successful fabrication of fluorine free superhydrophobic coating involving silicone binder, pigments like nanosilica, nanotitania and magnesium silicate and aluminium stearate as additive. The pristine resin with no pigments and additives show hydrophobic behaviour with water contact angle (WCA) of 93.5° and tilting angle (TA) of 60°. The WCA increased to 152.5° and TA to 20° with incorporation of pigments and additives. The introduction of pigments/additives created micro/nano roughness through agglomeration of pigments used in the coating. The as prepared superhydrophobic coating also exhibited excellent corrosion resistance property without using any inhibitive / sacrificial pigments in it. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work towards preparation of superhydrophobic coating with excellent corrosion protection without fluoro compounds and inhibitive pigments.

Pure and Bi doped ZnO thin films prepared by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. The structural analysis shows that prepared films are polycrystalline in nature with preferential orientation along (1 0 0), (0 0 2) and (1 0 1) planes. Scanning electron microscope shows the morphological changes of the films with respect to increase in doping concentration. The average optical absorption value of all films was in the near visible range and the band gap of the films varies from 3.21 to 3.17 eV. The gas sensing study shows a maximum response of the films at 1000 ppm of ethanol was found to be around 60% with an operating temperature of 400 °C.

Fluorine free superhydrophobic coatings with stabilized air-water interface had been fabricated by utilising different particle sized silica. Coatings were formulated with various composition of different sized nanosilica's along with nanotitania and aluminium stearate embedded in a matrix of silicone resin of Mn ∼1,65,000. The as-prepared coating exhibited higher contact angle (CA) 152.5° along with high mechanical properties like abrasion, adhesion and impact resistance. As particles with different sizes were incorporated in the coating, the interface was stabilized during immersion in water uptake study. In addition most of these coatings also exhibited exceptional corrosion resistance withstanding upto 1000 h of salt spray.

Trifunctional covalent triazine and carbonyl based polymer with acid-base and metal active sites (CTCP-SO3H-EDA/Pd) was synthesized by a multistep friedel-crafts reaction, post-synthetic sulfonation, schiff base condensation and metal nanoparticle incorporation. CTCP-SO3H-EDA/Pd was characterized by FT-IR, N2 sorption-desorption isotherm, elemental analysis, ICP-OES, TEM-EDS and TEM. CTCP-SO3H-EDA/Pd was evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of 1-(dimethoxymethyl)-3-nitrobenzene into 2-(3-aminobenzylidene)malononitrile via a three step deacetylation-Knoevenagel and transfer hydrogenation reaction in one domino process. The cooperation of SO3H acidic sites, EDA and uniformly distributed Pd nanoparticles greatly facilitated the one-pot reaction and produced good yield of the desired product with high selectivity. The catalyst was recovered by simple centrifugation and could be reused for five runs with minor loss of catalytic activity and selectivity. A plausible mechanism for deacetylation, C C bond formation and subsequent chemoselective reduction of nitro functionality over CTCP-SO3H-EDA/Pd was also proposed.

Highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles over covalent triazine polymer functionalized with sulfonic acid groups (CTP-SO3H/Pd) were prepared by facile Friedel-Crafts reaction, post synthetic sulfonation and Pd immobilization method. The prepared catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sulfonic acid groups were grafted into the terphenyl backbone and the presence of triazine functionality within the framework enabled the uniform dispersion of palladium nanoparticles over the polymer network. When used as a bifunctional catalyst in one pot hydrogenation-esterification (OHE) reaction, the CTP-SO3H/Pd exhibited good activity and stability. The performance of CTP-SO3H/Pd is due to the surface-active acid/metal sites and was evident from the yield of the product in the reaction. The catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and recycle tests showed that it could be re-used for at least five repetitive runs with minor loss of catalytic activity suggesting its potential utility in OHE reaction. A plausible mechanistic pathway for OHE reaction over CTP-SO3H/Pd was also proposed.

Gelatin-bentonite composite (GBC) gel were used as adsorbent for the removal of lead (II) from aqueous solutions. The developed adsorbents were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX, analysis. The swelling and syneresis studies justified the reusability of GBC. Batch adsorption experiments systematically investigated the influence of contact time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, solution pH and regeneration of the adsorbent. The kinetic data fitted well with pseudo-first-order model and the equilibrium was reached within 4.0 h with 73.7% removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were applied to describe equilibrium data. The adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 47.169 mg/g at 25 °C. The adsorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution was found to be pH dependent. The thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The regeneration of GBC with 0.1 (N) nitric acid was found excellent with ten adsorption-desorption cycles of reusability. Thus, GBC was found to be a superior adsorbent compared to other adsorbents due to its remarkable reusability after syneresis for lead (II) ions removal from aqueous solutions.

An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) has been proposed to further explore the strong force and QCD, focusing on the structure and the interaction of gluon-dominated matter. A generic detector RD a dual-radiator RICH, consisting of an aerogel radiator and C2F6 gas in a mirror-focused configuration. We present the simulations of the two detectors and their estimated performance.

A powerful new electron–ioncollider (EIC) has been recommended in the 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science for probing the partonic structure inside nucleons and nuclei with unprecedented precision and versatility [1] . EIC detectors are currently under development [2] , all of which require hadron identification over a broad kinematic range. A prototype ring imaging Cherenkov detector has been developed for hadron identification in the momentum range from 3 GeV/c to 10 GeV/c. The key feature of this new detector is a compact and modular design, achieved by using aerogel as radiator and a Fresnel lens for ring focusing. In this paper, the results from a beam test of a prototype device at Fermilab are reported.

A 45 days feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) on growth performance, body composition, biochemical, immuno-hematological parameters and disease resistance in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings against Aeromonas hydrophila. JA was supplemented at three different levels viz., control 0, 5, 10, and 20 g kg-1 in the commercial diet (403 g kg-1protein and 89 g kg -1lipid) in L. calcarifer. The results showed that there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in various growth parameters, while the whole body composition showed significant differences (P 0.05) affected by dietary supplementation of JA at different concentration. However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly (P

We report a facile method towards synthesis of fluorine free superhydrophobic mesoporous silica particles. Silica particles were prepared from rice husk (RH) as the silica source and CTAB as the structure directing agent. The as-prepared hydrophilic silica particles were converted to superhydrophobic structures by silane treatments. Silane treatment enhanced the wetting nature of the silica material from 60° to

Background Giant-cell tumours of bone (GCTB) are RANK/RANK-ligand (RANKL) positive, aggressive and progressive osteolytic tumours. Denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor, was FDA-approved for adults and skeletally mature adolescents with unresectable GCTB or when surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity. Data on long-term toxicity and activity of denosumab monthly ‘GCTB-schedule’ (120 mg per 12/year, 1440 mg total dose/year) are lacking. Methods Patients with GCTB receiving denosumab, 120 mg on days 1, 8, 15, 29 and every 4 weeks thereafter, from 2006 to 2015 treated in two centres were included. Long-term toxicity was evaluated. Results Ninety-seven patients were identified. 43 patients underwent resection of the tumour with a median time on denosumab treatment of 12 months (range 6–45 months). Fifty-four patients had unresectable GCTB's (male/female 23/31, median age 35 years [range: 13–76 years], 26% presented with lung metastases, 31% had primary tumor located to the spine, 63% were relapsed after previous surgery) with a median time on denosumab of 54 months (9–115 months). In the unresectable GCTB group, tumour control and clinical benefits were observed in all patients undergoing denosumab, whereas 40% of patients discontinuing denosumab had tumour progression after a median of 8 months (range 7–15 months). Adverse events Overall, six (6%) patients developed osteonecrosis of jaw (ONJ): 1/43 (2%) in the resectable group, 5/54 (9%) in the unresectable group, with a 5-year ONJ-free survival of 92% (95% CI 84–100). Only patients with prolonged treatment experienced mild peripheral neuropathy (6/54, 11%), skin rash (5/54, 9%), hypophosphataemia (2/54, 4%) and atypical femoral fracture (2/54, 4%). Conclusions Prolonged treatment with denosumab has sustained activity in GCTB, with a mild toxicity profile. The dose-dependent toxicity observed recommends a careful and strict monitoring of patients who need prolonged treatment. Decreased dose-intensity schedules should be further explored in unresectable GCTB.

3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-one, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-thione, and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-imine derivatives were synthesized by modified Biginelli cyclocondensation reaction catalyzed by triphenylphosphine as Lewis base. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been elucidated by IR, 1 H NMR and elemental analysis.

A feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of inulin on growth, body composition and gut microbiota of Lates calcarifer fingerlings (average weight: 7.14 ± 0.05 g). Inulin was supplemented at five different concentrations 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g kg −1 in the diet (400 g kg 1 protein and 90 g kg −1 lipid) of L. calcarifer . The results of the 60 days feeding trial revealed that dietary inulin supplementation had a significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) (linear, P = 0.029; quadratic, P = 0.022) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (linear, P = 0.033; quadratic, P = 0.003) between control and treatments. However, the final body weight (FBW) (quadratic, P = 0.0138) and weight gain (WG) (quadratic, P = 0.0150) followed a quadratic pattern. Supplementation of inulin did not affect whole body moisture and lipid. However, crude protein increased both linearly (linear, P = 0.001) and quadratically (quadratic, P = 0.001) in fish fed with 20 g kg −1 inulin supplemented diets and a quadratic pattern in ash (P −1 inulin. Polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis of gut samples from inulin supplemented diet revealed the change in the gut microbial community of Asian seabass. It could therefore be inferred that inulin supplementation is beneficial in the diet of Asian seabass and supplementation at 15 g kg −1 level is optimal for enhancing growth.

Standard monitoring within a gas-turbine based cogeneration system includes key flow rates, temperatures, pressures and turbine vibration. These standard measurements can be enhanced with continuous emissions monitoring to help pinpoint system problems. A combination of these measurements, a fast NOx prediction model and data reconciliation constitute an improved monitoring and diagnostic tool that can quantitatively predict the existence of turbine problems (for example, damaged combustor nozzles) even when standard turbine monitoring indicates no problems exist.

The thermo-physical parameters like density (ρ), ultrasonic velocity (U) and viscosity (η) have been experimentally measured for the Ternary Liquid Mixtures of Meta Methoxy Phenol (MMP) in n Hexane with 1 alkanols such as 1 propanol or 1 butanol or 1 pentanol at constant temperature 313 K and fixed frequency of 2 MHz. The thermodynamic and acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility(β), absorption coefficient (α/f2), internal pressure(πi), cohesive energy(CE), free volume(Vf), free length(Lf), acoustic impedance(z), available volume(Va), viscous relaxation time, ∆G value, Lenard Jones potential, Degree of intermolecular interaction(χ) and K value were calculated from the experimental data. The various excess properties including excess acoustic impedance(ZE), excess free length(Lf)E, excess adiabatic compressibility(βE), excess free volume(VfE), excess ultrasonic velocity (UE) and excess internal pressure(πiE) were also computed from the calculated values. The values of UE, ZE, and LfE for each mixture have been fitted to the Redlich –Kister polynomial equation. The variation of these parameters with respect to different concentration at constant temperature for the three systems namely MMP+ 1 Propanol+n Hexane, MMP+ 1 Butanol+n Hexane and MMP+ 1 Pentanol+n Hexane have been discussed in the light of molecular interaction. Further, theoretical studies like Van Dael Ideal Mixing Relation, Impedance Dependant Relation, Junjie's and Nomoto's relation are validated with respect to experimental velocities at 313 K for all the different concentrations ranging from 0.001 M to 0.01 M of all the three systems and the Chi-square test for the goodness of fit is applied to check the validity of the theories.

Oxides of alkali earth and transition metal such as CaO and CdO when doped with nitrogen exhibit half metallic ferromagnetism. Both calcium and cadmium oxides act as indirect band gap semiconductors without doping. When nitrogen atom is substituted in CaO and CdO, replacing respective atoms of Ca and Cd, the electronic properties of compounds change. Half metallic ferromagnetism is predicted in the both the compounds doped with nitrogen in the doping concentration of 12.5% in CaO and CdO. The presence of nitrogen atoms in CaO and CdO bring about the appearance of half metallic ferromagnetism in both the compounds. The doped compounds exhibit magnetic characteristics and the total spin magnetic moments found in these compounds N0.125Ca0.875O and N0.125Cd0.875O are −1.00003 μB and 0.94557μB respectively.

DFT + U study was carried out on the electronic properties of Palladium oxide (PdO) in the ground state to investigate half metallic ferromagnetism using Hubbard Model. A Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) method is employed to investigate the electronic properties of PdO. Using Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) method, electronic properties such as density of states (DOS) and band structure plots have been plotted. A mixed phase transition between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states has been observed to exist for this compound. Hybrid functional is used to compare the energy band gap and magnetic moments with that of PBE functional. In GGA method, DOS and band structure plots of PdO predict the metallic characteristics in both the spins, whereas in GGA + U method, half metallic ferromagnetism is predicted at the Hubbard potential (U = 5 eV and 6 eV).

Children have a greater risk of developing lifetime cancer and other biological effects from ionizing radiation exposure than adults. The aim of this study was to measure the absorbed dose received by lungs and heart in pediatric chest X-ray examination using nanoDot optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSLD). The X-ray system, Siemens Multix Top was used. A pediatric phantom developed by using beeswax and polyurethane foam was exposed at 50 kVp, 52 kVp, 55 kVp, 57 kVp and 60 kVp, with fixed tube current-exposure time (3 mAs), which is normally used in pediatric clinical chest X-ray examinations. The nanoDot OSLDs were placed in different parts in the thorax of the phantom according to the position of organs in the chest area, which are lungs and heart. For lungs, absorbed dose measurement nanoDot OSLDs were placed in the apex and base at three different depths. The phantom was exposed three times for each kVp value, and the absorbed doses were measured in mGy. The findings show that the measured absorbed dose to the heart increased with the increase in kVp. Overall, a 22% increase in absorbed dose to heart and a 29% increase in lungs with the increase in kVp was recorded. In addition, absorbed dose to the base of left and right lungs was recorded higher up to 9% as compared to the apex of lungs. In conclusion, the absorbed dosage increases with exposure, while the absorbed dose decreases with depth. It is necessary for the radiographer to select an appropriate exposure setting based on the physical characteristics of the pediatric patient.

The kinetics of oxidation of methionine (Met) by tetraethylammonium chlorochromate (TEACC) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leads to the formation of the corresponding sulfoxide. The reaction is first order each in Met and TEACC. The reaction is catalyzed by hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ion dependence has the form : kobs = a + b [H+]. The reaction rate has been determined at different temperatures and activation parameters are calculated. The solvent effect has been analyzed using Kamlet’s multi parametric equation. A correlation of data with Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic parameters (α, β, π∗) suggests that the specific solute–solvent interactions play a major role in governing the reactivity. The reaction does not induce polymerization of acrylonitrile. A suitable mechanism has been proposed.

A novel series of thiophene and benzodioxole appended thiazolyl-pyrazoline derivatives have been designed, synthesized and evaluated against different bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds were screened using MIC method and were proved synthesized compounds 7o , 7r and 7t to show good antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. In silico molecular docking studies revealed that all the synthesized molecules showed good binding energy toward the target receptor DNA topoisomerase IV, ranging from −10.42 to −11.66 kcal/mol.

In mobile ad hoc networks, communication among mobile nodes occurs through wireless medium The design of ad hoc network protocol, generally based on a traditional “layered approach”, has been found ineffective to deal with receiving signal strength (RSS)-related problems, affecting the physical layer, the network layer and transport layer. This paper proposes a design approach, deviating from the traditional network design, toward enhancing the cross-layer interaction among different layers, namely physical, MAC and network. The Cross-Layer design approach for Power control (CLPC) would help to enhance the transmission power by averaging the RSS values and to find an effective route between the source and the destination. This cross-layer design approach was tested by simulation (NS2 simulator) and its performance over AODV was found to be better.

Electronic band structure calculation was carried out to investigate the half metallic ferromagnetism in RhO using GGA + U method. A Full Potential-Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) Method is employed to unravel the electronic properties of RhO. Using Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA + U) method, the electronic properties such as density of electronic energy states(DOS) and band structure plots have been plotted. At high and low pressure the lattice constants vary and half metallic ferromagnetism with energy gap variations in the spins is observed. In GGA method, DOS and band structure plots of RhO predict metallic characteristics in both the spins, whereas in GGA + U method, half metallic ferromagnetism is predicted particularly at the Hubbard potential of U = 5 eV.