1. A 3–5-GHz, 385–540-ps CMOS true time delay element for ultra-wideband antenna arrays
- Author
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Aghazadeh Dafsari, Seyed Rasoul, Martínez García, Herminio, Barajas Ojeda, Enrique, Saberkari, Alireza, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. EPIC - Energy Processing and Integrated Circuits, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. HIPICS - Grup de Circuits i Sistemes Integrats d'Altes Prestacions
- Subjects
Timed array receiver ,Electronic instruments ,True time delay (TTD) ,Ultra-wideband (UWB) ,Beamforming ,CMOS ,Electrònica--Aparells i instruments ,Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Delay cell - Abstract
© 2022 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This paper proposes an all-pass filter-based true time delay (TTD) element covering a 3–5-GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency. The proposed TTD element designed in a standard 0.18-µm CMOS technology achieves a tunable delay range of 385–540 ps with 6-ps delay steps and maximum 11% absolute delay error over a 3–5-GHz frequency band. It exhibits an average 3.6–4.6-dB noise figure (NF) within the whole bandwidth. A four-channel beamforming receiver realized by the proposed TTD element is designed and examined in this paper, as well. With the maximum delay of 540 ps and 6-ps average delay resolution, a maximum steering angle of ±45¿ with 5¿ (18 steps) steering resolution is demonstrated for the beamforming receiver with 2-cm antenna spacing.
- Published
- 2022
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