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In last few years, many countries in the world have shown huge interest in smart grid technology. They are facing many challenges in the process of deployment of this technology at ground level. Hence a planned research is required to meet those challenges within time. This paper provides a detailed description of progress in the field of demand side management, demand response programs, distributed generation, technical issues in the way of their progress and key advantages, which will be received after the final deployment of these programs. Renewable energy resources are also becoming a main part of distributed generation, which provides a solution for environmental problems caused by conventional power plants. Few countries are working on the deployment of the advanced metering system. Along with this, the scope of research in various programs of smart grid technology has been explored.

هذا ورقة الهدايا ل جديد نهج، إمالة التكامل مشتق (TID) سيطرة، إلى استقرار تردد الاختلافات تحت حمل التغييرات في تلقائي جيل سيطرة (AGC). ال TID سيطرة غير تطبيقي إلى AGC ل من لها أفضل استجابة و أعلى درجة من حرية في اختيار المعلمات. هذا لديها متفوق الصفات مثل كما بسيط المعلمة ضبط و أفضل اضطراب الرفض نسبة. في إضافة، هذا عروض تافه تأثير من المعلمة تغيير في ال مرغوب استجابة. إلى بحث هؤلاء سمات ، ل اثنان- منطقة حراري نظام تتألف من غير- تسخين التوربينات غير يعتبر إلى دراسة. إضافي ، حساسية تحليل لديها كان نفذت خارج إلى بحث ال متانة من ال TID مراقب. ال مراقب مكاسب هي الحصول عليها بواسطة حل ل مقيدة غير- خطي الأمثل باستخدام ل التكامل مرة مطلق خطأ (ITAE) مؤشر. كما ل نتيجة ، ل مقارنة بين التكامل سيطرة ، PID سيطرة و TID سيطرة يكشف أن TID مراقب علبة نقل أفضل أداء إلى AGC. This paper presents a new approach, tilt integral derivative (TID) control, to stabilize frequency variations under load changes in automatic generation control (AGC). The TID control is applied to AGC because of its better response and higher degree of freedom in choosing the control parameters. It has superior qualities such as simple parameter tuning and better disturbance rejection ratio. In addition, it shows insignificant effect of parameter variation on the desired response. To examine these attributes, a two-area thermal system consisting of non-reheat turbine is considered for study. Further, sensitivity analysis has been carried out to explore the robustness of the TID controller. The controller gains are obtained by solving a constrained non-linear optimization using an integral time absolute error (ITAE) index. As a result, a comparison between Integral control, PID control and TID control reveals that TID controller can deliver better performance for AGC.

In the competitive electricity environment, the flexibility of power transactions is expected to drastically increase among the trading partners and can compromise the system security and reliability. These transactions are to be evaluated ahead of their scheduling in a day-ahead and hour-ahead market to avoid congestion and ensure their feasibility with respect to the system operating conditions. The security of the transactions has become essential in the new environment for better planning and management of competitive electricity markets. This paper proposes a new method of secure bilateral transaction determination using AC distribution factors based on the full Jacobian sensitivity and considering the impact of slack bus for pool and bilateral coordinated markets. The secure bilateral transactions have also been determined considering critical line outage contingencies cases. The bilateral transaction matrix pattern has also been determined in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC). The optimal location of UPFC has been determined using mixed integer non-linear programming approach. The proposed technique has been applied on IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS).