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Motivated in part by a problem in simulated tempering (a form of Markov chain Monte Carlo) we seek to minimise, in a suitable sense, the time it takes a (regular) diffusion with instantaneous reflection at 0 and 1 to travel from the origin to 1 and then return (the so-called commute time from 0 to 1). We consider the static and dynamic versions of this problem where the control mechanism is related to the diffusion’s drift via the corresponding scale function. In the static version the diffusion’s drift can be chosen at each point in [0,1], whereas in the dynamic version we are only able to choose the drift at each point at the time of first visiting that point. The dynamic version leads to a novel type of stochastic control problem.

A static output feedback based event-triggered control mechanism for a class of switched nonlinear systems with a passivity property is proposed in this paper. Each subsystem of such a switched system does not necessarily have passivity in the classical sense, while maintaining the passivity property only on the active time intervals. Moreover, passivity is based on multiple storage functions and the storage functions are allowed to increase at switching instants. The proposed event-triggered output feedback controller can not only maintain asymptotic stability but also exclude Zeno behavior under some conditions. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.

Electronic skins are artificial skin-type multifunctional sensors, which hold great potentials in intelligent robotics, limb prostheses and human health monitoring. However, it is a great challenge to independently and accurately read various physical signals without power supplies. Here, a self-powered flexible temperature-pressure bimodal sensor based on high-performance thermoelectric films and porous microconed conductive elastic materials is presented. Through introducing flexible heat-sink design and harvesting body heat energy, the thin-film thermoelectric device could not only precisely sense temperature signal but also drive the pressure sensor for detecting external tactile stimulus. The integration of Bi-Te based thermoelectric film with high stability in wide temperature range enables the sensor to sense the ambient temperature with high resolution (

For delayed singular switched positive systems(SSPSs) under mode-dependent minimum dwell time(MDMDT) switching signal, the stability and standard gain performance in the sense of L 1 -gain and L ∞ -gain are analyzed in this paper, and both continuous-time and discrete-time cases are taken into account. Firstly, a sufficient stability condition for delayed continuous-time SSPSs under MDMDT switching signal is provided, and meanwhile, to analyze the disturbance attenuation performance, the standard gain performance conditions in the sense of L 1 -gain and L ∞ -gain are proposed, respectively. Next, considering delayed discrete-time SSPSs under MDMDT switching signal, sufficient stability condition and standard gain performance conditions in the sense of L 1 -gain and L ∞ -gain are put forward, respectively. Moreover, for delayed SSPSs with minimum dwell time switching signal, stability and standard gain performance are also analyzed. At last, the validity of theoretical results are proven via two examples.

Low carbon economy, energy conservation and environmental protection is one of the important tasks of current and future economic and social development. The large-scale development and utilization of all kinds of clean energy has accelerated the speed of China’s energy transformation. Rail transit system is a large power consumer. In recent years, the transportation system has been facing the triangle contradiction of new energy, cost and environmental protection. Connecting photovoltaic power generation to rail transit power supply system has many advantages: (1) it can reduce the operation cost of transportation system; (2) it can reduce the use of traditional thermal power; (3) it can reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment; (4) it can also promote the application of new energy. It makes a lot of sense. However, due to the randomness and uncertainty of photovoltaic power generation, the direct access of photovoltaic power generation to rail transit power supply system will bring a certain impact on rail transit power supply system. In this paper, the LSTM neural network is used to predict the load of photovoltaic power generation, which effectively ensures the accuracy of prediction, and then improves the stability of photovoltaic power generation when connected to the rail transit power supply system.

In this study, the multi-step fractional differential transform method (MSFDTM) is employed to obtain approximate analytical solutions of stiff systems of fractional order. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. Several numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the feasibility of MSFDTM as an approximate analytical solution technique for stiff systems of fractional order.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are recognized as an efficient method to utilize biomass to generate power while simultaneously treats wastewater. Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology enables miniaturization of the MFCs system. Miniaturized MFCs through MEMS strengthen the system’s reaction capacity that makes it suitable for environmental sense field applications such as sensors or biomedical actuators. In this work, MEMS technology is employed to deposit metal layers on the surface of the anode/cathode electrode to enhance the power density of the MFC. Hence, micromixers and micro-pillars in the anode tank along with the influence of the electron transport media on MFC performance were evaluated. The introduction of the micro-mixers promotes the full mixing of the anolyte. The inclusion of the micro-pillars increases the surface area of the electrode, thereby enhancing the electrical energy output of the MFC. Results revealed that the introduction of the microstructure and the electron transfer media to the anolyte in the MFC have yielded a maximum current of 66.55 μ A cm−2, a maximum power density of 3.28 μ W cm−2, and an internal resistance value of 2 . 57 k Ω . Moreover, the inclusion of several micro-mixers and micro-pillar structures to the anode tank has shown the performance enhancement of MFC. Relevant research results will provide a reference for future research on the combination of MFCs and sensors.

In this paper, a novel intermittent noise-diffusion layer is proposed to synchronize a network system. Different from most of the traditional noise-induced synchronization or noise stabilization (noise exists in nodes of the network), we give an intermittent noise-diffusion layer (the noise exists in the edges of the network) to study the almost sure exponential synchronization. The theoretical results show that the general network system can be synchronized in the almost sure sense as long as the topological structure of the network in the intermittent noise-diffusion layer is an undirected connected graph. Two examples are proposed to illustrate the theory obtained.

The performance of the existing frequency control strategies for MT-HVDC systems relies on the accuracy of the mathematical models. However, it is hard to obtain the exact mathematical models of MT-HVDC systems. To deal with this challenge, this paper presents a distributed cooperative frequency control strategy for MT-HVDC systems by using a reinforcement learning method, i.e., value iteration algorithm. Specifically, the proposed control strategy is data driven and hence model free. Besides, the proposed control strategy is distributed in the sense that each AC area only requires the local and neighboring information, rather than the information of all the AC areas. Moreover, the proposed control strategy makes the connected AC areas compensate load disturbances together by sharing their power reserves via HVDC grids, which greatly decreases the operation costs of MT-HVDC systems. The performance of the proposed control strategy is validated by cases study.

This paper deals with the discrete maximum principle and energy stability of a new difference scheme for solving Allen-Cahn equations. By combining the second-order central difference approximation in space and the Crank-Nicolson method with Newton linearized technique in time, a two-level linearized difference scheme for Allen-Cahn equations is derived, which can yield accuracy of order two both in time and space. Under appropriate conditions, the scheme is proved to be uniquely solvable and able to preserve the maximum principle and energy stability of the equations in the discrete sense. With some numerical experiments, the theoretical results and computational effectiveness of the scheme are further illustrated.

In this paper, we study the self-assembly of rectangles in a non-cooperative, 3D version of Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model. We prove two results. First, we give the full details for the proof of a general construction for the efficient self-assembly of thin rectangles that was first reported by Furcy, Summers and Wendlandt (2019). This construction is non-cooperative and “just-barely” 3D in the sense that it places tiles at most one step into the third dimension. Second, we give a non-cooperative, just-barely 3D optimal encoding construction that self-assembles the bits of a given binary string along the perimeter of a thin rectangle of constant height.

In this paper, the variable order fractional derivative in the Heydari-Hosseininia sense is employed to define a new fractional version of 2D reaction-advection-diffusion equation. An efficient and accurate hybrid method based on the shifted orthogonal Bernoulli polynomials and radial basis functions is developed for solving this equation. The presented method converts solving the problem under consideration into solving a system of algebraic equations. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed method are investigated by solving some numerical examples.

Most of the studies that can be found in the literature for analysing self-consumption systems with storage focus on global self-consumption and self-sufficiency indices and it may be very difficult to define the role of the array power and battery. In this sense, a new approach to analysing this type of systems is provided where direct and battery self-sufficiency and self-consumption indices are defined. The latter represent the direct photovoltaic self-consumed energy and the one provided by the battery. New direct and battery ZEB points are also presented. Furthermore, this type of system is generally analysed using complex 3D plots. Therefore, a new and intuitive 2D contour tool is provided: the iso self-consumption curves. The new approach has been applied to three households located in Spain. Results show that it may be reached a global self-sufficiency of 50% considering array powers and rated capacities below 3.5 kWp and 1 kWh, respectively, where direct and battery self-sufficiency indices may reach 40% and 10%, respectively. This new method together with the graphical tool may help not only to analyse this type of system but to properly size the array power and the rated capacity from either an energetic or profitability approach.

This paper addresses the problem of event-triggered dynamic output feedback control for uncertain Markovian jump systems with partly unknown transition rates. An event-triggered dynamic output feedback control scheme is proposed to stabilize a class of uncertain networked Markovian jump systems with partly unknown transition rates, and a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is then introduced to guarantee the asymptotical stability in mean-square sense of the closed-loop controlled system. It is shown that the proposed control scheme is relatively convenient to choose the control gain matrices by the use of the Matlab LMIs Toolbox, and thus it might be convenient to application in practice. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

We consider the initial-boundary value problem on R + × R + for one-dimension systems of semilinear wave equations with null conditions. We show that for homogeneous Dirichlet or Neumann boundary values and sufficiently small initial data, classical solutions always globally exist. Furthermore, we also prove that the global solution is asymptotically free in the energy sense.

The advancement of portable and flexible electronics that is integrated with multiple sensing functions has increasingly drawn considerable interest. The fabricated sensors would have the ability to sense multiple deformations like pressing, twisting and trivial vibrations such as pulses of wrist vibrations to mimic human skin. Presently, we implemented an easy, cost-effective and optimized fabrication technique for production of pressure sensors based on MoSe2 nanosheets coated on cellulose paper. The present sensor exhibits an incorporation of large pressure sensitivity of 18.42 kPa−1 in pressure range 0.001–0.5 kPa, 7.28 kPa−1 in pressure range 1–35 kPa and 2.63 kPa−1 in pressure range 40–100 kPa, working in broad pressure range (from 0.001 to 100 kPa) and long-term stability up to 200 deformation cycles at 2 kPa. The sensor showed excellent response towards the detection of vibrations of machines including cellular phone, compressor, etc. Besides, the sensor shows excellent environmental stability and exhibits immune piezo-resistive response to temperature variation.

The recent scenario of modern manufacturing is tremendously improved in the sense of precision machining and abstaining from environmental pollution and hazard issues. In the present work, Ti-6242 is machined through wire EDM (WEDM) process with powder mixed dielectric and analyzed the influence of input parameters and inherent hazard issues. WEDM has different parameters such as peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, gap voltage, wire-speed, wire tension, and so on, as well as dielectrics with powder mixed. These are playing an essential role in WEDM performances to improve the process efficiency by developing the metal removal rate. Even though the parameter’s influencing, the study of the nano dielectric effect in the WEDM process is very essential during the machining process due to the high discharge energy. In the present study, two different dielectric fluids were used, including deionised water, and nanopowder dielectrically, and analyzed the data by taking the response surface method to use program design expert 10. From this study, it is established that dielectric types and powder significantly improve performances with a proper set of machining parameters and find out the risk factor associated with the WEDM process.

The industries in developing countries usually face the difficulty of the manual operations which will result in both accuracy and poor efficiency. This paper highlights the automation of a process Industry and at the same time monitoring operations are also done. In case of switching off of the single motor where the other motor runs at a specific load without any distraction can be done by using single circuitry of DC supply. The microcontroller and relays are being used for switching ON\OFF of all the DC motor. The main operation in this project is to sense the temperature of the DC motors which is done by temperature sensor. The scrutinized value of the DC motor’s temperature are being displayed in the LCD.

This paper concerns strong solutions to the 3D viscous liquid–gas two–phase flow model with initial vacuum. Strong solutions are proved to exist globally in time under the assumption that initial data is small in some sense. Compared to previous results, the major step forward is that the initial masses of liquid and gas are allowed to contain some vacuum regions and the higher–order estimates of the two masses and pressure are established, without any constraints between the initial masses of liquid and gas.

A quantitative and yield analysis of single bit cache memory architecture has been analyzed. A single bit cache memory architecture is made up of a write driver circuit, static random access memory cell, and sense amplifiers such as voltage mode sense amplifier and a current-mode sense amplifier. Apart from it, the power reduction technique has been applied over different blocks of single bit cache memory architecture such as sense amplifiers and static random access memory cell, to optimize the power consumption of the circuit. To check the robustness of the circuit monte carlo simulation and process corner simulation also have been done. The conclusion arises that single bit cache memory architecture having volatge mode sense amplifier with forced stack technique over static random access memory in an architecture consumes the lowest power (9.108 µW) with an area of 6.613 × 30.48 mm2.

This paper examines the binning of two types of parts with random characteristics, so that a componentwise monotonic evaluation criterion exhibits a minimum deviation to a given target value over all possible realizations. The optimal matching classes are balanced in the sense that the maximum error needs to be the same over all matching classes. This condition allows for a complete solution of the minimum-error matching-class design problem in closed form.

The quasilinear differential system x ′ = a x + b | y | p ⁎ − 2 y + k ( t , x , y ) , y ′ = c | x | p − 2 x + d y + l ( t , x , y ) is considered, where a, b, c and d are real constants with b 2 + c 2 > 0 , p and p ⁎ are positive numbers with ( 1 / p ) + ( 1 / p ⁎ ) = 1 , and k and l are continuous for t ≥ t 0 and small x 2 + y 2 . When p = 2 , this system is reduced to the linear perturbed system. It is shown that the behavior of solutions near the origin ( 0 , 0 ) is very similar to the behavior of solutions to the unperturbed system, that is, the system with k ≡ l ≡ 0 , near ( 0 , 0 ) , provided k and l are small in some sense. It is emphasized that this system can not be linearized at ( 0 , 0 ) when p ≠ 2 , because the Jacobian matrix can not be defined at ( 0 , 0 ) . Our result will be applicable to study radial solutions of the quasilinear elliptic equation with the differential operator r − ( γ − 1 ) ( r α | u ′ | β − a u ′ ) ′ , which includes p-Laplacian and k-Hessian.

In this work, the occurrence of synchronization in unidirectionally coupled multi-scroll oscillators is investigated. Two types of interconnections are analyzed namely, a traditional static coupling and a second order dynamic coupling, for different input-output combinations. In each case, the stability of the synchronous solution is investigated by using the Hurwitz stability test. The obtained results show that the dynamic coupling scheme has a better performance in the sense that: i) it can induce synchronization even in cases where the static coupling fails, ii) it enlarges the region where the synchronous solution is stable.

Aim To measure sound exposure in an Australian single-room configured, neonatal unit and compare findings to current sound level recommendations. Methods Sound meters were placed inside 51 internal environments (incubators or open cots), and within the surrounding environment of each occupied single room between September 15 and October 28, 2015. One-second incremental monitoring of decibels on an A-weighted scale (dBA), occurred over a minimum of 48 h. Results All equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (Leq) were significantly higher than the recommended 45 dBA for both incubators and open cots. Maximum sound levels (Lmax) were significantly higher than the recommended 65 dBA, peaking at 126.7 dBA inside the incubator and 124.7 dBA inside the open cot. Incubators were observed to have a higher total percentage of time above 45 dBA than open cots for both day (99.84% vs. 75.59%) and night (98.66% vs. 59.56%). Conclusion Sound levels exceeded the recommended maximum exposure levels outlined by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). The long-term sequelae of adverse sensory exposure on preterm neurodevelopment remains unclear. Renewed attention on factors contributing to increased sound levels in neonatal units needs to be a clinical priority.

This paper presents a control strategy for sun trackers which adapts continuously to different sources of error, avoiding the necessity of any kind of calibration by analyzing the produced electric power to sense the position of the Sun. The proposed strategy is able to meet the strict specifications for HCPV sun trackers despite of mechanical uncertainties (misalignments in the structure itself, misalignment of the solar modules with respect to the wing, etc.) and installation uncertainties (misalignments of the platform with respect to geographical north). Experimental results with an industrial-grade solar tracker showing the validity of the proposed control strategy under sunny and moderate cloudy conditions, as well as with different installation precisions by un-calibrating the system on purpose are exposed.

In this paper, we are interested in finding the function u ( t , x ) , ( t , x ) ∈ [ 0 , T ) × Ω from the final data u ( T , x ) = ϕ ( x ) , satisfies a nonhomogeneous fractional pseudo-parabolic equation. The problem is stable for the cases σ ν in the sense that the solution of the problem is regularity-loss and we discuss the regularity of the solution to this problem. For the case σ > ν , the problem is ill-posed (in the sense of Hadamard). We propose the general filtering method to regularize this problem. The well-posedness of the regularized problem and some regularity estimates of the regularized solution are obtained. Moreover, error estimates are established under some a priori conditions of the sought solution. The numerical illustrations are given to show the convergence of our method.

Let A be an infinite non-empty subset of N . For each n ∈ N , define r A , A ( n ) : = | { ( a , b ) : a , b ∈ A , a + b = n } | and R A , A ( n ) : = ∑ j ≤ n r A , A ( j ) . We show that if the function R A , A ( n ) is well-distributed in some sense, then it can't be very well-distributed. Explicitly, if for some constant c > 0 , lim sup n → ∞ | R A , A ( n ) − c n | n 1 4 + ∞ then for some constant δ > 0 , the set { n ∈ N : | R A , A ( n ) − c n | ≥ δ n 1 4 } has a positive lower density. This result implies the well-known Erdős-Fuchs theorem. And the similar generalization for multi-sum is obtained, too.

Based on a great number of experimental data on various mechanical properties of rock in the literature, six empirical equations between the characteristic impedance (product of density and P-wave velocity) and mechanical properties of rock are proposed. These properties include uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength, mode I fracture toughness, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. These empirical equations show that the values of the aforementioned properties increase with increase in characteristic impedance. It also implies that the characteristic impedance of rock may be considered as an index to represent the main properties of rock. In this sense, it is possible to consider using characteristic impedance to classify rock masses for studies in the future.

Very recently, Yang, Abdel-Aty and Cattani (2019) introduced a new and intersting fractional derivative operator with non-singular kernel involving Rabotnov fractional-exponential function. In this paper, we present a general framework of the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) for analytic treatment of time fractional partial differential equations in the sense of Yang-Abdel-Aty-Cattani. As applications, time fractional wave equations involving Yang-Abdel-Aty-Cattani fractional derivatives are solved. The solutions are obtained in the form of series involving Prabhakar functions.

In this paper, variable order Burgers' equations with proportional delays in time and space are studied. The variable order derivatives are defined in the sense of Atangana and Baleanu. Two types of variable order Atangana and Baleanu definitions are presented here. The nonstandard weighted average finite difference method is developed to study numerically the proposed models problem in one and two dimensional. Moreover, the stability analysis and truncation error are analyzed. Two test examples with proportional delays are given to characterizing the memory property of the proposed models. It is found that the proposed technique can be applied to study such variable-order fractional equations simply and effectively.

We determine the proportion of linear [ 3 × 3 ; 3 ] -MRD codes over F q within the space of all 3-dimensional 3 × 3 -rank-metric codes over the same field. This shows that for these parameters linear MRD codes are sparse in the sense that the proportion tends to 0 as q → ∞ . This is so far the only parameter case for which MRD codes are known to be sparse. The computation is accomplished by reducing the space of all such rank-metric codes to a space of specific bases and subsequently making use of a result by Menichetti (1973) on 3-dimensional semifields.

Consider an operator A :H→K between Hilbert spaces and closed subspaces S ⊂ H and T ⊂ K. If there exist projections E on H and F on K such that R(E) =S, R(F) =T and AE=F∗A then A is called (S, T)-complementable. The origin of this notion comes from the idea of T. Ando of defining Schur complements in terms of operators. In this paper we present some characterizations of these triples (A, S, T) and applications to bilateral Schur complements and generalized Wiener-Hopf operators. Fil: Arias, Maria Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Argentino de Matemática Alberto Calderón; Argentina Fil: Corach, Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Argentino de Matemática Alberto Calderón; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina Fil: Maestripieri, Alejandra Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Argentino de Matemática Alberto Calderón; Argentina

C. elegans uses specialized mechanoreceptor neurons to sense various mechanical cues. However, whether other tissues and organs in C. elegans are able to perceive mechanical forces is not clear. In this study, with a whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we show that body wall muscles (BWMs) in C. elegans convert mechanical energy into ionic currents in a cell-autonomous manner. Mechano-gated ion channels in BWMs are blocked in amiloride or cation-free solutions. A further characterization of physiological properties of mechano-gate ion channels in BMWs and a genetic screening show that mechanosensation in BMWs is not dependent on UNC-105 and well-defined mechano-gated ion channels MEC-4 and TRP-4 in C. elegans. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BWMs in C. elegans function as mechanoreceptors to sense mechanical stimuli with an amiloride-sensitive, non-selective cation channel.

Surface acoustic wave sensors have wide variety of applications. The application of SAW sensors includes measurement of different physical parameters like temperature, torque, acceleration, pressure, humidity etc. SAW sensor can also be used as gas sensor with certain construction constrains. The performance of gas sensor can be increased by adding nanomaterial to the MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems) based gas sensor. In this study a 2D Surface Acoustic Wave sensor is designed to sense hydrogen gas. The sensor is designed with zinc oxide (ZnO) as sensing layer to increase the sensitivity. The performance of sensor is evaluated with gas and without gas with respect to the displacement and operating frequency. The maximum displacement obtained by the sensor is 0.00857 µm at the operating frequency of 30 MHz in absences of gas and 0.00502 µm displacements in presences of gas at the same operating frequency. Analysis of sensor is done with Finite Element Modeling (FEM). The sensor is simulated with COMSOL Multi Physics.

When designing a wheeled vehicle, the designer’s task is to form its performance properties in various modes of movement. Due to the necessity to ensure maximum deceleration in given road conditions and, consequently, maximum (or relatively equal to maximum) braking forces on the wheels, the movement of a wheeled vehicle in the braking mode acquires a special status. It is known that such important performance properties of vehicles as braking dynamics, on the one hand, as well as stability and control, on the other hand, are in opposite conditions in terms of relative wheel slip. Thus, the improvement of some properties by changing the relative slip leads to the deterioration of others. Therefore, when forming the performance properties of vehicles in the braking mode, the designer faces the task of choosing a reasonable compromise, to achieve which it is usually necessary to sacrifice braking dynamics to ensure the required stability and control. The main task of forming performance properties is to determine to what extent this sacrifice will be justified (without maintaining stability, it makes no sense to talk about braking dynamics). Thus, due to the selection of the control structure on individual axles of a motor vehicle (especially for multi-axle cars and road trains), it is possible to ensure the required turnability and the formation of the performance properties in the braking mode, depending on the operating conditions and design of the motor vehicle (mainly, the speed range and layout features). Studies show that almost the same performance properties can be achieved with significantly fewer elements of an automated system, which certainly has an economic impact. This is particularly important for multi-axle cars and road trains. One of the tools for control structure analysis is virtual-physical modeling technology

Converse passivity theorems are established for finite-dimensional (FD) linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Consider an FD LTI system G1 interconnected in positive feedback with another FD LTI system G2. It is demonstrated that when the closed-loop system is (robustly) stable (in the sense of finite L2 gain) for arbitrary strictly passive G2, then -G1 must necessarily be passive. It is also demonstrated that when the closed-loop system is uniformly stable across the set of arbitrary passive G2, then -G1 must necessarily be strictly passive. The proofs are constructive; i.e., we show how to find a de-stabilizing FD LTI G2 when G1 violates the necessity condition of stability.

This paper considers the decentralized tracking control problem for stochastic high-order time-delay switched nonlinear systems. By designing a common Lyapunov–Krasovskii (L–K) functional and using a homogeneous domination approach, we construct an output tracking controller under arbitrary switching to guarantee that the tracking error can be tuned small enough in the mean-square sense while all states of the closed-loop system remain to be bounded in probability. Finally, a chemical reactor system with delayed recycle streams is used to verify the effectiveness of our developed theory.

Control of physiological systems, like tumor growth dynamics, can contribute to modern medicine by designing optimized therapies or automating treatments. Typical challenges in physiological control are the positivity of the input and the interpatient variability of model parameters. We use positive dynamics extension to ensure the positivity of the input, and design a robust controller for a nominal model acquired after exact linearization and stabilizing feedback. During the controller design, we minimize the effect of the model perturbation in the worst-case sense and minimize the energy of the performance criteria. The results show enhanced performance compared to our similar robust control approach where only the performance was minimized in the worst-case sense with similar characteristics in the input signals.

In modern computer memory role is to sense the low power signals, this paper optimally finds the best solutions to improve the performance of the Sense Amplifier for CMOS SRAM. The circuit is designed and simulated in the Advanced Design System. The simulation result shows that the required output voltage 1.2 V is available after addition of an Inverter at the output & having identical PMOS & NMOS in the circuit. It is observed that the performance of the sense amplifier has been improved drastically. To have better results now our future work will concern the 22-nm technology.

We solve the prescribed-time mean-square stabilization problem, providing the first feedback solution to a stochastic null-controllability problem for strict-feedback nonlinear systems with stochastic disturbances. Our non-scaling backstepping design scheme’s key novel design ingredient is that, rather than employing “blowing up” time-varying scaling of the backstepping coordinate transformation, we introduce, instead, a damping in the backstepping target systems which grows unbounded as time approaches the terminal time. With this approach, even for deterministic systems, a simpler controller results and the control effort is reduced compared to previous designs. We achieve prescribed-time stabilization in the mean-square sense.

This paper presents a new capacitance to voltage analog-front end (AFE) designed in 180 nm CMOS technology for wireless implantable applications. This AFE consists of a Low-dropout regulator (LDO), bandgap reference (BGR), switched-capacitor (SC) sampler, SC op-amp and oscillator. The LDO regulates the wireless power supply coming from an off-chip rectifier and provides a stable and accurate DC voltage. Capacitance is converted to a discrete voltage by a SC sampling circuit and then amplified by a SC op-amp. Both of SC sampling and SC op amp circuits form a correlated double sampling scheme. This AFE is designed to sense a capacitance range from 6 pF to 7 pF (300–1000 mmHg) corresponding to a 0.68 V–1.07 V discrete output voltage with a sampling frequency of 1.63 KHz. This AFE has a sensitivity of 0.39 mV/fF, average power consumption of 201 μW and 3.25% accuracy operating over a 2.1 V–3.3 V rectified wireless supply voltage and −40 °C ~125 °C temperature range.

Micromilling is a machining process defined by its low dimensions. In general, it is defined by the cutting tool diameter that must vary between 1 µm and 1000 µm. This process is used mostly in molds, medical applications and Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), where high quality parts are required in terms of geometry, which are absent of defects and possess smooth surfaces. However, there exist hurdles that need to be crossed in order to achieve these high-quality parts, most frequently surface roughness and the presence of burrs. For such phenomena, one common solution is the appliance of cutting fluids. To this end, some research studies have been developed, these have placed their focus upon the different composition of cutting fluid, which is applied with different pressures and at different rates. The application of cutting fluid can be made through pulses, as this is a common configuration for the MQL fluid supplier. The frequency of pulses defines the volume of cutting fluid applied and consequently affects the results. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the influence of the frequency of cutting fluid application over the final part of the cutting process. The results demonstrated that for the difficult to cut Inconel 718, if a low frequency of fluid, delivered by MQL, is applied, the final piece will not be homogeneous, as well as leaving parts with a low surface quality and higher burr formation.

Photonic crystal material based twin core photonic crystal fiber (TC-PCF) is proposed for sensing of temperature. Two independent waveguides present in TC-PCF due to two solid cores in the cross-section separated by an air hole. When the optical light is injected into one core at the input side of twin core, then due to mode coupling between two waveguides light is transmitted from one core to another core along the fiber. Transmission spectrum of TC-PCF is observed which is sensitive to the temperature because the refractive index of background material of TC-PCF depends on temperature. The temperature sensitivity of 6 cm long TC-PCF is 18.5 pm/0C, which can sense the temperature up to 600 °C.

Sensitive Node Active Charge Cancellation technique (SNACC) is applied on the Complementary Folded Cascode amplifier (CFC) to study single event transients (SET) on this circuit. A Built-In-Detector (BID) is connected to the circuit to sense the variations of the currents in the op-amp and to represent their input and output characteristics. Two circuits are designed with and without SNACC, using UMC_CMOS_180nm process in cadence virtuoso environment. This work analyses to identify the effectiveness of Radiation Hardening By Design (RHBD) technique by comparing radiation sensitive and radiation hardened CFC amplifier.

Attention to firms in the ocean economy is growing as oceans face rapid ecological change as well as surges in investment and governance efforts under a “blue economy” paradigm. Concepts and methods that can “make sense” of firms and their positioning within value chains are essential for scholars seeking to inform a more sustainable ocean future.

The model having two types of I.R LED (emitter), photoelectric sensor which provide the signal to motor via the transistor. The LED which emit the light it is wrapped up by sensors in the white surface. The Line follower robot is model which can identify and track the line drawn on the floor. Hence this model must be in sense the line with IR sensors. The processor is used to make a decision the correct signals. In this study, discuss the process design, development of material behavior, applications etc. The Line follower robot is a mobile based machine that can detect and follow the line drawn on the floor. This kind of model should sense the Infrared Ray sensor that fitted in the system.