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There is a scarcity of data on anticoagulation-related nephropathy (ARN) caused by direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in recent years.We collected literatures on DOACs-induced ARN to October 1, 2022, without language restrictions for retrospective analysis.Twenty events were included with a median onset time of 28 days among which fourteen were caused by dabigatran. Patients accompanied by chronic kidney disease (85 %) seemed more easily to have an ARN. Clinical symptoms associated with ARN were mostly presented as hematuria and acute decline of renal function (100 %), then abnormal coagulation function (75 %) but only one with an INR over 3. Renal biopsies were performed in 14 patients, with thirteen showing occlusive intratubular red blood cell casts and ten showing acute tubular injury of varying intensity or even tubular necrosis. Extensive changes in interstitial compartment like hemorrhage, fibrosis or inflammation were also presented in eight biopsies. IgA nephropathy as a latent or undiagnosed disease was demonstrated in eight biopsies. Treatments of ARN were mainly supportive with all patients discontinuing DOACs and 35 % initiating dialysis for acute deterioration of renal function. Steroids were used in 9 patients with a severe ARN verified by biopsy. 60 % of patients did not recover baseline renal function and some even deteriorated.In conclusion, DOACs-induced ARN is a rare but serious adverse reaction. A prompt diagnosis of ARN and supportive treatments are necessary for patients receiving DOACs concurrent with an acute renal injury.

Increasing evidence shows that foodborne pathogens have become both safety and economic concerns during food production, processing, distribution, storage, and consumption and have been demonstrated to be responsible for numerous disease outbreaks and food recalls. It is critical to determine how the food matrix may alter bacterial behaviors, especially survival, growth, biofilm, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. The systems and compounds in food matrices inevitably regulate specific genes and pathways of bacteria via integrated global metabolic responses, which have been demonstrated in both phenotypic and transcriptomic studies. This review presents an overview of the transcriptomic responses of pathogens to food matrices. In addition, the role of small non-coding RNA in the regulation of pathogenic behavior was summarized. This work may assist in the investigation of the interaction of microorganisms with the growth matrix or their surroundings and in the development of targeted strategies to eliminate pathogens from the food supply chains.

The development of high-efficiency photocatalysts is the primary goal in the field of photocatalytic antibacterial research. In this work, the GaN:ZnO solid solution nanoparticles (NPs) photocatalyst with strong visible absorption and large specific surface area was synthesized via the sol-gel and nitridation reaction process. Also, we systematically investigated the removal efficiency of the organic pollutant and antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. Notably, methylene blue solution could be completely degraded after 100 min of visible light illumination using 2 mg/mL GaN:ZnO catalyst. Moreover, ~94% of the E. coli were inactivated within 120 min, whereas 100% antibacterial activity against S. aureus was achieved after 90 min of visible light illumination mediated by GaN:ZnO NPs. We further explore the potential mechanism of visible light photocatalytic antibacterial activity enhanced by GaN:ZnO NPs photocatalyst. The current work not only provides a new and efficient photocatalytic antibacterial nanomaterial but also demonstrates its promising applications in environmental and biological fields.

The Mn4+-doped Ca2MgTeO6 (CMTO) far-red emitting phosphors with double perovskite-type structure were successfully synthesized. Upon near-ultraviolet (n-UV, 300 nm) light excitation, the as-prepared phosphors showed far-red light at 700 nm attributed to the 2Eg→4A2g transition of Mn4+ ion. The doping concentration of the CMTO:xMn4+ samples was optimized to be 0.8 mol%. The relevant mechanism of concentration quenching was demonstrated as the dipole-dipole interaction. Furthermore, solid solution and impurity doping strategies were adopted to improve the far-red emission of the luminescence-ignorable CMTO:Mn4+ phosphor. Series of Ca2MgTe(1−y)WyO6:0.8 mol%Mn4+ (y = 0–100 mol%) solid solution and Ca2−zLnzMgTe0.6W0.4O6:Mn4+ (Ln = La, Y, and Gd, z = 10 mol%) phosphors were synthesized through the above two strategies. The luminescence intensity of the optimal Ca1.9Gd0.1MgTe0.6W0.4O6:Mn4+ phosphor was 13.7 times that of the CMTO:Mn4+ phosphor and 2.51 times that of red commercial phosphor K2SiF6:Mn4+. Notably, both CMTO:Mn4+ and Ca1.9Gd0.1MgTe0.6W0.4O6:Mn4+ phosphors exhibited remarkable thermal stability compared with most Mn4+-doped phosphors. Finally, the highly efficient Ca1.9Gd0.1MgTe0.6W0.4O6:Mn4+ phosphor was successfully applied in fabricating the warm white light diode (w-LED). This working along both lines strategy exhibited great potential for luminescence optimization of Mn4+-doped oxide phosphors.

Background Microbial meat spoilage is responsible for huge losses during production, distribution, and storage of meat products, accounting for approximately 21% of total food losses. A thorough understanding of the characteristics of microorganisms related to meat spoilage is the necessary prerequisite to prevent spoilage processes, and develop innovative preservative approaches and strategies of meat and meat products. Scope and approach This review has discussed the drawbacks of existing definition of dominant spoilage organisms determining the process of meat spoilage, and the microbial sources of contamination along the specific procedures of meat primary and further processing. Moreover, the spoilage phenotypes of meat and the mechanisms of spoilage bacteria have been highlighted in this review, and the future perspectives, being benefit to break through the current barriers of meat spoilage, have also been covered. Key findings and conclusions A re-definition of dominant spoilage organisms related to meat spoilage has been concluded, based on the spoilage strength of microbial isolates in situ of meat. The contamination sources are ascribed to the specific processing procedures of chilled meat and meat products, and the microbial biofilm formed on the contact surfaces. Insight into the spoilage determinants including complete genomes of isolates, intracellular metabolic pathways, and exoenzymes secreted by bacteria, could deeply illustrate the molecular mechanisms of microbial spoilage of meat and meat products during storage.

Gd2InSbO7:Eu3+ red phosphors were successfully synthesized via high-temperature solid–state reaction. The phase purity, particle size, and luminescence properties of obtained phosphors were measured and analyzed in detail. The Gd2InSbO7 lattice possesses cubic structure with Fd-3m (227) space group. The phosphors emit bright red emission at 628 nm under 393 nm excitation, and this phenomenon is attributed to the 5D0–7F2 transition. The Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4), transition ratio, and branching ratios (β) of Eu3+-doped Gd2InSbO7 phosphor were calculated on the basis of the emission spectra and decay lifetimes. The optimal content in Gd2InSbO7:xEu3+ is identified to be 15 mol%. The thermal quenching of Gd2InSbO7:Eu3+ is found to be over 500 K, and its activation energy is 0.26 eV. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of Gd2InSbO7:15%Eu3+ are (0.629, 0.371), which are close to ideal red chromaticity coordinates (0.670, 0.330). The fabricated w-LED exhibits good color rendering index (Ra) (86), correlated color temperature (CCT) (6997 K), and CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.302, 0.330). The obtained results demonstrate that Gd2InSbO7:Eu3+ phosphors have potential applications in white LEDs.

Molybdenum oxide (MoOX) is a commonly used hole extraction material in organic photovoltaics. The MoOX interlayer is deposited typically via thermal evaporation in vacuum. To meet the need for roll-to-roll manufacturing, solution processing of MoOX without post-annealing treatment is essential. Herein, we demonstrate an effective approach to produce annealing-free, alcohol-processable MoOX anode interlayers, namely S-MoOX, by utilizing the bis(catecholato) diboron (B2Cat2) molecule to modify the surface oxygen sites in MoOX. The formation of surface diboron-oxygen complex enables the alcohol solubility of S-MoOX. An enhanced light utilization is realized in the S-MoOX-based organic photovoltaics. This affords a superior short-circuit current density (JSC) close to 26 mA cm−2 and ultimately a high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2% in the representative PM6:Y6 based inverted OPVs, which is one of the highest values in the inverted OPVs using an as-cast S-MoOX anode interlayer.

We have developed a facile strategy to fabricate model multicolor hydrogels via a straightforward mixing process of poly acrylonitrile-grafted methacrylamide (PANMAM), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) and doped lanthanide (Eu/Tb) and zinc ions to form the interpenetrating dual-polymer gel networks. The hydrogels exhibit excellent tunability of multi-spectrum emission colors (including white light) by simply varying the stoichiometry of metal ions. Furthermore, taking the advantage of different metal ion response mechanisms, we have demonstrated the reversible acidity/alkalinity stimuli-responsive behaviors of white-light-emitting hydrogel (WLE gel). Meanwhile, the unique cross-linked network formed through hydrogen-bonding, metal-ligand coordination and ionic interaction is introduced to achieve favorable mechanical strength of hydrogels. These properties enable the possibility in obtaining fluorescent patterns on hydrogels, which are promising candidate for encrypted information with improved security.

Different clinicopathologic characteristics could contribute to inconsistent prognoses of small breast neoplasms (T1a/T1b). This study was done to conduct a retrospective analysis and establish a clinical prediction model to predict individual survival outcomes of patients with small carcinomas of the breast.Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, eligible patients with small breast carcinomas were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to clarify the indicators of overall survival. Pooling risk factors enabled nomograms to be constructed and further predicted 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival of patients with small breast cancer. The model was internally validated for discrimination and calibration.A total of 17,543 patients with small breast neoplasms diagnosed between 2013 and 2016 were enrolled. Histologic grade, lymph node stage, estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor status, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer were regarded as the risk factors of prognosis in a Cox proportional hazards model (P .05). A nomogram was constructed to give predictive accuracy toward individual survival rate of patients with small breast neoplasms.This prognostic model provided a robust and effective method to predict the prognosis of patients with small breast cancer.

A series of experimental techniques which contain casting thin slice observation, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury injection, constant-velocity mercury injection, and NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) were used to study the throat microstructure and microscopic occurrence of formation water in the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone gas reservoir in northern Tianhuan Depression, Ordos Basin. The results show that intragranular dissolution pores, intercrystalline pores, and residual intergranular pores represent 33 %, 31 %, and 16 % of the pore types in the reservoir of the He8-Shan1 members in the northern Tianhuan Depression, respectively. Pore radii range from 80 μm to 300 μm, with an average of 154.18 μm, while throat radii range from 0.01 μm to 1.60 μm, with an average of 0.55 μm. Micron pores and nano throats control the seepage ability of the reservoirs, and the throat radius serves as the controlling factor. Formation water has four microscopic occurrences: bound water, capillary water, free water, and adsorbed water. At low charging pressure, a mixture of gas and water was found in the intergranular pores and dissolution pores controlled by macro throats, with a high gas content and existent free water; a small amount of membrane adsorption water was observed at high charging pressure. However, in the intergranular pores and dissolution pores controlled by medium-small throats, the mixture of gas and water at low charging pressure presents a low gas content and a large amount of capillary water, while at high charging pressure, the mixture of gas and water or pure gas presents a high gas content and a small amount of capillary water. Pure water controlled by tiny throats, on the other hand, was found at low charging pressure in the intergranular pores, whereas gas and water mixture was found at high charging pressure, but the gas content is low and bound water appears. In the intergranular micropores, pure water, which is bound water, is the primary composition at both low and high charging pressure. The throat radius cut-offs of the four kinds of formation water are 0.10 μm, 0.26 μm, and 0.28 μm, the permeability cutoffs are 0.21 × 10−3 μm2, 0.51 × 10−3 μm2, and 0.55 × 10−3 μm2, and the porosity cutoffs are 5.86 %, 7.99 %, and 8.18 %, respectively. The starting pressure gradient and throats less than 0.10 μm are controlling factors on the micro-occurrence and residual water saturation of formation water. As the amount of gas driving water increases in the natural gas accumulation process, the percentage of formation water controlled by large throats gradually decreases. Free water makes up 50 % of the research area, capillary water makes up 18 %, bound water compensates 30 %, adsorbed water is 2 %, and residual water saturation is about 32 %.

Interfacial solar driven water evaporation is an attractive and green method to alleviate the scarcity of clean and fresh water, and tremendous efforts have been devoted to prepare efficient photothermal materials. However, the practical condition for interfacial solar driven water evaporation is complex, increasing contamination by pollutants and bacterial can inactive the photothermal materials. Herein, to address this problem, Ti-Ag-O nanoporous powders, which possess photothermal, photocatalytic and anti-bacterial properties, were prepared by TiAg alloy anodization and subsequent laser irradiation method. It was found that metallic Ag nanoparticles, which were mainly formed by TiAg alloy anodization, will be oxidized into Ag2O nanoparticles after laser irradiation. Through this laser induced transformation, the surface wettability of Ti-Ag-O powders can be improved for the hydrophilicity nature of Ag2O, and the Ti-Ag-O powders with Ti90Ag10 alloy anodization and subsequent laser irradiation for 10 min showed the highest water evaporation rate (2.27 kg m−2 h−1). Meanwhile, this Ti-Ag-O powders also showed the highest photocatalytic property due to the junction between TiO2 and Ag2O. Moreover, the diffusion inhibition test indicated that antibacterial property of this Ti-Ag-O powders was excellent for the incorporation of Ag/Ag2O nanoparticles. The as-prepared trifunctional Ti-Ag-O nanoporous powders holds potential for the practical application of interfacial solar driven water evaporation technology, the TiAg alloy anodization and subsequent laser irradiation method could be extended to prepare other multifunctional photothermal materials.

Ga-doped La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1O7S5 absorbs visible light up to 710 nm and can serve as a H2 evolution photocatalyst in Z-scheme water splitting systems. This material is typically obtained in the form of rod-like particles that exhibit one-dimensional conductivity along their long axis. However, these relatively long particles (10–20 µm) require charge carriers migrate over significant distances to participate in photocatalytic reactions, which limits reaction efficiency. In the present study, Ga-doped La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1O7S5 particles approximately 2 µm in length were prepared by thermal sulfidation. The as-formed particles had rod-like morphology but contained a lot of burrs that could be eliminated by annealing in the presence of sulfur vapor. Rh cocatalyst particles could be deposited on the tips of these particles in a dense, widely dispersed manner by stepwise impregnation-reduction and post-photodeposition. These treatments enhanced the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of the Ga-doped La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1O7S5 particles in aqueous solutions containing electron donors by a factor of seven and increased the apparent quantum efficiency of the process to 3.1% at 420 nm. This work demonstrates that thermal sulfidation is an effective approach to reducing the particle size of an oxysulfide photocatalyst. With appropriate post-treatment and cocatalyst loading processes, such photocatalysts can efficiently evolve hydrogen from aqueous solutions.

It is difficult to define patients with primary trastuzumab resistance (PTR) after (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab with minimal data and understanding of the actual prevalence, prognosis, and potential treatment strategies in the real-world setting.The medical records of 1096 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive early-stage breast cancer who had received (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab-containing treatment from 2010 to 2016 in the Cancer Hospital and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were reviewed. PTR was defined as recurrence during adjuvant trastuzumab or within 12 months from their last (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab dosage. The cutoff date for data collection was September 1, 2018, with a median follow-up time of 46 months.A total of 126 recurrences were observed, and 75 (6.8%; 75/1096) of them were categorized as PTR; the remaining were non-PTR. The prognosis of patients in the PTR group was much inferior to those in the non-PTR group (27 months vs. not reached; P .01). As expected, patients with PTR did possess a much lower response rate to first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy (27.3% vs. 61.9%; P = .02). Subgroup analyses indicated that patients in the PTR group seemed to get little survival benefit from the reuse of trastuzumab compared with those without trastuzumab (26 months vs. 28 months; P = .80). However, in the non-PTR group, re-treatment with trastuzumab in the metastatic setting prolonged the survival of patients compared to those without trastuzumab (not reached vs. 34 months; P = .04).This study verified the rationality of present definition of PTR after (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab. Patients with PTR did have a poor prognosis. Further research and clinical trials are required to establish the best treatment patterns for these patients.

Indacenodithiophene (IDT) derivatives are kinds of the most representative and widely used cores of small molecule acceptors (SMAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here we systematically investigate the influence of end-group fluorination density and position on the photovoltaic properties of the IDT-based SMAs IDIC-nF (n = 0, 2, 4). The absorption edge of IDIC-nF red-shifts with the π-π stacking and crystallinity improvement, and their electronic energy levels downshift with increasing n. Due to the advantages of Jsc and FF as well as acceptable Voc, the difluorinated IDIC-2 F acceptor based OSCs achieve the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13%, better than the OSC devices based on IDIC and IDIC-4 F as acceptors. And the photovoltaic performance of the PTQ10: IDIC-2 F OSCs is insensitive to the active layer thickness: PCE still keep high values of 12.00% and 11.46% for the devices with active layer thickness of 80 and 354 nm, respectively. This work verifies that fine and delicate modulation of the SMAs molecular structure could optimize photovoltaic performance of the corresponding OSCs. Meanwhile, the thickness-insensitivity property of the OSCs has potential for large-scale and printable fabrication technology.

Fingerprints are widely studied due to their unique shape and lifelong properties. The latent fingerprint (LFP) visualization is critical in identifying crime scenes and personal information. At present, the powder dusting method for LFP detection is favored due to its environmental friendliness and nontoxicity. However, this method has low resolution, low sensitivity, and large background interference. To address these shortcomings, the red-emitting Sr2MgMoO6:xEu3+ (x = 0–0.50) phosphors were synthesized using the solid-state reaction process. The products were systematically studied through the structural phase, luminescent property, decay curve, and color purity. Sr2MgMoO6:xEu3+ phosphors were monitored at 596 nm and exhibited a commendable broad excitation band between 250 and 475 nm. This result indicated that the disadvantage of the poor absorption of commercial red phosphors (Y2O2S:Eu3+) in the near-ultraviolet region was overcome. Under excitation at 393 nm, the synthesized Sr2MgMoO6:Eu3+ phosphor exhibited intense red light at 596 and 616 nm, due to the 5D0 → 7F1 and 5D0 → 7F2 transitions of Eu3+ ions. The optimal concentration for the Sr2MgMoO6:xEu3+ phosphor was x = 20 mol%, and the concentration quenching effect was ascribed to the dipole–dipole interaction. The Commission International del′Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of Sr2MgMoO6:Eu3+ were (0.643, 0.356), and the color purity was 99.8%. Furthermore, the fluorescent LFP images developed by Sr2MgMoO6:0.20Eu3+ phosphors were well visualized, and level 1–3 details were well identified with high resolution, contrast, sensitivity, and selectivity. The obtained results suggested that the Sr2MgMoO6:Eu3+ phosphor can be applied for LFP detection.

A large number of Au polymetallic deposits have been mined in the Jiangnan Transition Belt (JTB), Eastern China. However, the formation and genesis of these Au polymetallic deposits remain unclear. Based on geochronological, geochemical, in-situ Lu–Hf and S isotopic compositions of the Yucun Au deposit, combined with other Au deposit databases in the JTB (e.g., Zhaceqiao, Zhaojialing and Huashan), this study systemically reveals the petrogenesis of the granodiorite porphyries and granite porphyries related to gold deposits, as well as constrain the process of Au mineralization. Results show that all granodiorite porphyries and granite porphyries have high alkalis content and FeO/MgO ratios, low CaO, Al2O3, P2O5 and 10000 × Ga/Al contents, indicating the I-type granite affinity. Moreover, they are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), light rare earth elements (LREEs) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), with weak negative Eu anomalies. Zircon 206Pb/238U ages indicate that the Yucun ore-related intrusion rocks were emplaced ca.150 Ma, which are consistent with the first stage magmatic activity in eastern China. The Yucun intrusion rocks present high zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ and Eu/Eu∗ ratios, suggesting the high magmatic oxygen fugacity, which is conducive to the Cu–Au mineralization. The geochemical and Lu–Hf isotopic compositions indicate that intrusion rocks associated with Au deposit in JTB may come from the metasomatized mantle-derived magmas mixing with Proterozoic crustal materials. The δ34S values of pyrite of ores in Yucun Au deposit indicate a magmatic-derived source, resembling in other porphyry-skarn Au deposits in the JTB.

Three-dimensional (3D) building change detection is important for megacities for updating geo-databases, urban sprawl monitoring, disaster assessments and energy budgets. However, few studies examine how to execute the transition of multi-level change monitoring of urban buildings from 2D to 3D. This study presents a new automated Object–Grid–City Block 3D building change detection (OGB) approach that entails the application of multi-temporal aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds. First, building labels at various phases were performed using a graph cuts algorithm to assist with 3D change detection of buildings. Then, we introduced a bi-threshold model to consider and capture trajectories of building change broken down into categories from 1 to 5 and obtain a complete 3D change detection map. In order to reveal the vertical building landscape changes, a set of 3D building landscape metrics was developed for block level change monitoring. Upon examination, the results for the northern part of Brooklyn, New York, USA were confirmed to be robust and refined; the completeness, correctness, and quality values for trajectories 1–5 were 92–95%, 93–97%, 89–95%, respectively. More importantly, the OGB approach can not only effectively monitor intensity, direction (increase or decrease), and spatial pattern changes in 2D and 3D morphological parameters of buildings at the grid level, but can also reflect vertical changes in building structures, and reveal horizontal fragmentations and aggregations of buildings at the block level.

The study investigates bipartite synchronization of inertial coupled delayed neural networks (ICDNNs) with signed digraph by non-reduced order method and pinning control. The second-order CDNNs will not be converted into a first-order differential system by introducing variable substitution. Instead, a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is proposed which depends on the topology of the ICDNNs. Some sufficient conditions for linear matrix inequalities (LMI) are derived to realize bipartite synchronization, which is based on matrix decomposition theory and Barbalat Lemma in strongly connected signed networks. And then, M-matrix theory is utilized to generalize the results to networks containing directed spanning trees. Finally, two examples are used to verify the validity of the derived theoretical results.

Sunlight-driven photocatalytic water splitting is one of the most promising approaches to generating renewable hydrogen as an energy source. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of photocatalytic water-splitting systems. Among these, the one- and two-step-excitation overall water-splitting processes are most widely investigated. Realization of visible-light-driven overall water splitting is one of the most important goals at present because of the need to obtain systems exhibiting high solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency for practical applications. The present review focuses on recent progress in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, especially in the research and design of visible-light-driven overall water-splitting systems, and outlines potential strategies to overcome the difficulties related to practical applications.

In the field of automotive lightweight manufacturing, the advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) sheet gets a pivotal position owing to a good match between the plasticity and superior strength. However, in the complex multi-step loadings, the twist springback phenomenon generated by irregular and curved stampings has arisen great concerns. In this article, the material DP500 is adopted for the twist springback analysis in a two-step loading experiment. First, the large bone-shaped specimen is deformed to 4% strain along the rolling direction. Subsequently, the forming blank, cut from the large specimen at different directions, is stamped in a die to form a 3D curved channel. Meanwhile, the simulation analysis of the two-step loading procedure is built for twist springback prediction. An advanced distortional hardening model incorporated with an attenuated modulus model is applied for exactly capturing the deformation features under mutative strain path. A deep analysis with regard to the residual stress and elastic modulus distribution is conducted to evaluate the pre-strain's influence on the twist springback of this curved part. The result shows that mutative strain path induced by the change of the pre-strain axis has a significant impact on the twist springback. Keywords: Twist, DP steel, Multi-step loading, Strain path change

This article aimed to present a new approach which consists of three-points, and concerns each diode pattern separately. Distinct from traditional curve fitting processes, this approach is based on the simplistic view which flourishes the potential abilities in order to provide the efficient solutions with the least repetitions. The basic reason of this study is to substitute the three – point approach with the previous used approach and set it as core point. By using mentioned points, it reinforces the usage of improved shark smell optimization algorithm and regulates the left parts efficiently. Consequently, it decreases the elaborateness of algorithms. According to the conducted parts comparisons on the three case studies, proved that the presented method has more exactness than the traditional methods. As well as, the investigated the proposed method has high efficiency and presents the optimized solution in various cells type. Also the achieved solutions are stable and is compared with over 17 various algorithms which in whole of the standard deviation of root mean square error for three type of cells is lower than the determined scales in other studies. By having these values, the suggested approach had been predicted to work efficiently in all circumstances like offline analysis and online controlling and it requires an exact, steady approach exploitation tool.