1. Advancing organelle genome transformation and editing for crop improvement
- Author
-
Jiang Zhang, Shengchun Li, and Ling Chang
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Mitochondrial DNA ,organelle ,homologous recombination ,Review Article ,Plant Science ,Computational biology ,Genetically modified crops ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Genome ,Genome editing ,genome editing ,Plastids ,Plastid ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Nucleus ,Gene Editing ,transformation ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,crop improvement ,Mitochondria ,Plant Breeding ,Transformation (genetics) ,Homologous recombination ,Genome, Plant ,Biotechnology ,Transplastomic plant - Abstract
Plant cells contain three organelles that harbor DNA: the nucleus, plastids, and mitochondria. Plastid transformation has emerged as an attractive platform for the generation of transgenic plants, also referred to as transplastomic plants. Plastid genomes have been genetically engineered to improve crop yield, nutritional quality, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as for recombinant protein production. Despite many promising proof-of-concept applications, transplastomic plants have not been commercialized to date. Sequence-specific nuclease technologies are widely used to precisely modify nuclear genomes, but these tools have not been applied to edit organelle genomes because the efficient homologous recombination system in plastids facilitates plastid genome editing. Unlike plastid transformation, successful genetic transformation of higher plant mitochondrial genome transformation was tested in several research group, but not successful to date. However, stepwise progress has been made in modifying mitochondrial genes and their transcripts, thus enabling the study of their functions. Here, we provide an overview of advances in organelle transformation and genome editing for crop improvement, and we discuss the bottlenecks and future development of these technologies., In addition to the nuclear genome, plants also contain mitochondrial and plastid genomes. This review highlights recent advances in organelle transformation and genome editing for crop improvement and discusses the bottlenecks and future development of these technologies.
- Published
- 2021