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Using metabolomics technique to investigate the response to liraglutide treatment produces helpful information regarding the effects of drug on metabolic regulation. This study tested whether loss of weight by liraglutide combined with decreasing acylcarnitines (AcylCNs) represent an effective strategy to improve insulin sensitivity in obese insulin-resistant females. AcylCN profiles by tandem mass spectrometry, plasma glycosylated hemoglobin, lactate, pyruvate, serum fasting glucose, creatinine, and insulin were assessed for obese insulin-resistant females before and after treatment with liraglutide for 3 months and non-obese females. All studied parameters in obese insulin-resistant females before treatment were significantly higher than control subjects except C0 and C3 levels which were significantly low. Liraglutide treatment was effective in weight loss, increased C0 and C3 levels and decreased values of all other studied parameters comparing with before treatment but still higher than control. However, creatinine level was unaffected by treatment. This study can conclude that circulating AcylCN profiles can reflect mitochondrial overload that happen in response to obesity. Also, AcylCNs can be used as markers for diagnosis of metabolic disorders. Liraglutide treatment leads to durable improvements in weight reduction and glycometabolic control and the utilization of intracellular glucose.

Low-pressure plasma treatments with subsequent immobilization of functional macromolecules from aqueous solution have gained an increasing popularity for its applications in new industrial processes. In this work, two different strategies to endow polyester fabrics (PET) with accessible primary amino groups are compared. (a) NH 2 groups were produced directly using low-pressure ammonia plasma. (b) Negatively charged groups were introduced by low-pressure oxygen plasma to hydrophilize the fabric surfaces and used as anchor groups for the immobilization of water-borne polyelectrolyte copolymers poly(vinyl amine- co -vinyl amide) (PVAm). To study the effects of these surface modifications, a combination of various surface-sensitive characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), streaming potential measurements and time-dependent contact angle measurements were used. Furthermore, the influence of the pre-treatments on the interaction of PET fabrics with water-soluble dyes was evaluated. For that purpose, color strength and fastness tests were carried out to prove the effectiveness of pre-treatments.

In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in the substrate-independent coloration for the textile materials industries. This concern may be achieved by so-called tailored surfaces to be enriched by a certain kind of functional groups in order to increase substantivity of chemically diverse substrates toward a single class of dyes or develop of a single class of dyes that can be applied to all substrates. The approach introduced in this work comprises the formation of negatively charged groups on poly (ethylene terephthalate) fabrics, PET, surfaces by using low-temperature oxygen plasma. Subsequently, the positively charged polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly-DADMAC, was applied. This leads to stable surface modification with accessible quaternary ammonium groups that provide a high substantivity to acid dyes via complementary electrostatic attractions. Surface-sensitive characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), streaming potential measurements, and dynamic wetting measurements were used to characterize the treated fabrics. Finally, color strength and fastness tests of printed fabrics were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of surface modification.