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Highlights • Three case of radial head fracture treated with radial head arthroplasty. • Evaluation of the functional outcomes after operative treatment of radial head arthroplasty. • Functional outcomes assessment with active and passive range of motion. • Satisfying result on pain and a fair result on functional outcome on patient follow-up. • Good follow up is important to minimize the complications of radial head arthroplasty., Introduction Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) has become one of the mainstay surgical treatment for radial head fracture in certain conditions. Many previous studies compared the superiority of either open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and RHA with inconclusive result. Our case series aim to evaluate the functional outcome of the patients treated with RHA in our institution. Presentation of case We evaluated three patients who had RHA in 2018 and 2019. The function of flexion, extension, supination and pronation of the elbow was evaluated. The range of motion (ROM) was assessed in both active and passive way. Discussion An abundant of literatures stated that RHA result is superior than radial head resection and ORIF. Our case series present a satisfying result on pain and a fair result on functional outcome from the range of motion (ROM) evaluation on patient follow-up. Conclusion A good follow up for post-operative care plays an important role in management of RHA to minimize the rate of complications. In this case series, the functional outcomes after RHA is good, but a larger number of patient and longer follow up duration is needed for a better analysis.

Background Fracture is a discontinuity of bone tissue, growth plates and/or cartilage which generally caused by trauma. Fracture healing is influenced by many things, including patient condition, age, comorbidity, lifestyle, medication and management. The use of tourniquets in medical cases reached 20.000 cases per day around the world. In Norway between 2005 and 2006, the use of tourniquets on orthopedic surgery reached 63.484 cases. The goal of using a tourniquet is to obtain a blood-free operation field to achieve maximum operating results. However, deflation of tourniquets can lead to reperfusion mechanisms that cause injuries resulting from the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This study aims to measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the osteoblast count after tourniquet application in murine mode. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar strain rats were divided into two groups and tibial fracture with consequence casting was performed. The rats were divided into two groups, one control group (n = 16) and one treatment group (n = 16). Both groups' rats’ right tibia was fractured and immobilized with a long-leg cast. The tourniquet (4.5 oz orthodontic rubber) was applied to the treatment group for two hours. The evaluation of the osteoblast count and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was done on day 14. The quantitative osteoblast count was done under light microscopy within 10 high power fields in 4000x magnification. The MDA level was measured by using Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) assay. Data analysis was done by using independent t-test. Results There was elevated MDA levels (0,126 in group 1 compared to 8763 in group 2) with p Conclusions The use of tourniquets can increase MDA levels due to oxidative stress arising from ischemic-reperfusion injury, as well as decreasing the number of osteoblasts.