1. Skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment for occupational exposure of hairdressers to hair dye ingredients
- Author
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Carsten Goebel, Thomas L. Diepgen, Anthony A. Gaspari, Brunhilde Blömeke, Axel Schnuch, Ian Kimber, Kordula Schlotmann, Anne Fuchs, and Maya Krasteva
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Skin Absorption ,Hair Dyes ,Phenylenediamines ,Toxicology ,Risk Assessment ,Beauty Culture ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Occupational Exposure ,Hair dyes ,Humans ,Medicine ,Allergic contact dermatitis ,Sensitization ,Contact sensitization ,business.industry ,Skin sensitization ,p-Phenylenediamine ,General Medicine ,Hand ,medicine.disease ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Dermatology ,3. Good health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ,Female ,Occupational exposure ,Risk assessment ,business - Abstract
Occupational exposure of hairdressers to hair dyes has been associated with the development of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) involving the hands. p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD) have been implicated as important occupational contact allergens. To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for the induction of contact sensitization to hair dyes in hairdressers, available data from hand rinsing studies following typical occupational exposure conditions to PPD, PTD and resorcinol were assessed. By accounting for wet work, uneven exposure and inter-individual variability for professionals, daily hand exposure concentrations were derived. Secondly, daily hand exposure was compared with the sensitization induction potency of the individual hair dye defined as the No Expected Sensitization Induction Levels (NESIL). For PPD and PTD hairdresser hand exposure levels were 2.7 and 5.9 fold below the individual NESIL. In contrast, hand exposure to resorcinol was 50 fold below the NESIL. Correspondingly, the risk assessment for PPD and PTD indicates that contact sensitization may occur, when skin protection and skin care are not rigorously applied. We conclude that awareness of health risks associated with occupational exposure to hair dyes, and of the importance of adequate protective measures, should be emphasized more fully during hairdresser education and training.
- Published
- 2018