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The typical Serbian diet is characterised by high intake of cereal products and also legumes are often used. The content of total fibre as well as certain fibre fractions was determined in cereals, cereal products, and cooked legumes. The content of total fibre in cooked cereals and cereal products ranged from 2.5 to 20.8 g/100 g, and in cooked legumes from 14.0 to 24.5 g/100 g (on dry matter basis). Distribution of analysed fibre fractions and their quantities differed significantly depending on food groups. Fructans and arabinoxylans were the most significant fibre fractions in rye flakes, and beta-glucan in oat flakes, cellulose and resistant starch were present in significant amounts in peas and kidney beans. When the size of regular food portions was taken into consideration, the best sources of total dietary fibre were peas and kidney beans (more than 11 g/serving). The same foods were the best sources of cellulose (4.98 and 3.56 g/serving) and resistant starch (3.90 and 2.83 g/serving). High intake of arabinoxylans and fructans could be accomplished with cooked wheat (3.20 g and 1.60 g/serving, respectively). Oat (1.39 g/serving) and barley flakes (1.30 g/serving) can be recommended as the best sources of beta-glucan.

Previous studies have suggested that the multiple transplants might be equally metabolically efficient to a single regimen for human adult islets. The aim of this study was to compare immunological and metabolic parameters after each of the two regimens of human fetal islets (HFI). Group A single transplants (n = 9) had 180 +/- 20 x 1000 HFI equivalents (IEQs) implanted via a single intramuscular injection. In group B multiple transplants (n = 8) islets were implanted by three consecutive injections of 60 +/- 10 x 1000 IEQs at 7-day intervals. We analyzed the immunological parameters of CD4/CD8 T lymphocyte ratios; islet cell antibodies (ICAs) and insulin antibodies (IAs). We estimated insulin secreting capacity (ISC) as the metabolic parameter. We observed that the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio increased, peaking on day 90, in similar fashion in both groups: day -1: A = 1.18 +/- 0.03 versus B = 1.19 +/- 0.04; on day 90: A = 1.79 +/- 0.09, versus B = 1.75 +/- 0.08 (P = NS) immediately before the decrease in C-peptide levels. Thereafter the ratios rapidly decreased without statistical differences. The levels of ICAs did not change. The levels of IAs, which were increased before transplant, then decreased without statistical differences between the groups. The values of ISC increased after transplant and then decreased similar to the T-cell ratio. Our results demonstrated that regimens of multiple and single HFIs did not show differences in the kinetics of the immunological response presumably mediating graft destruction. The CD4/CD8 ratio increased as the C-peptide level decreased, peaking on day 90 at the time of a decrease in C-peptide. These results may be useful for clinical studies of HFIs for type 1 diabetic patients.

83rd EAS Congress, EAS 2015