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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the technical and short-term clinical outcomes of internal iliac artery (IIA) reconstruction during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) with in situ laser-assisted fenestration in cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in which the iliac artery is unfit for an internal branched device (IBD).In the present single-institution retrospective study, we analyzed patients with AAAs who had undergone EVAR with in situ laser-assisted fenestration for IIA reconstruction between January 2018 and April 2021. The study included patients with iliac artery anatomy unfit for the use of commercial IBDs. The primary safety end point was freedom from major adverse events and unplanned reinterventions within 30 days. The primary efficacy end point was freedom from IIA restenosis, reintervention, and symptoms due to pelvic ischemia at 1 year after the procedure.A total of 20 patients requiring IIA reconstruction but with anatomy unfit for IBD placement were treated with in situ laser-assisted fenestration during EVAR for aortoiliac aneurysms during the study period. The mean age of our patients was 72 years, and 90% were men. The technical success rate was 100%. No patient had died within 30 days after the procedure. A suspicious IIA perforation had occurred in one patient, which was treated with an additional covered stent, for a primary safety end point of 95.0%. After a mean follow-up of 11 months, all except for one of the reconstructed IIAs were patent. Three patients reported symptoms of buttock claudication on the IIA occluded side at their 3-month follow-up after the procedure. However, these symptoms had subsided in two of these patients at 6 months. Type II endoleaks without sac expansion had occurred in two patients owing to retrograde blood flow from the inferior mesenteric artery and lumbar artery. Both patients were kept under close surveillance. The rate of freedom from major adverse events and unplanned reinterventions within 30 days (primary efficacy end point) was 86.3% at 1 year after procedure.In situ laser-assisted fenestration was found to be a safe and effective alternative method for IIA reconstruction during EVAR for aortoiliac aneurysms in patients with anatomy unfit for IBD.

Chemodynamic therapy when combined with chemotherapy opens up a new avenue for treatment of cancer. However, its development is still restricted by low targeting, high dose and toxic side effects. Herein, rational designing and construction of a new multifunctional platform with the core-shell structure 5-ALA@UiO-66-NH-FAM@CP1 (ALA = 5-aminolevulinic acid, CP1 = zirconium-pemetrexed (Zr-MTA)) has been performed. In this platform, CP1 acting as a shell is encapsulated with the UiO-66-NH

The network structure exhibits a variety of changes over time. Fusing this structure and the development of communities in dynamic networks plays an important role in analyzing the evolution and development of the entire network. How to ensure the division of the community structure in social network big data, as well as ensure the continuity of the community between the current time and previous time period, are issues that need to be explored. This problem can be solved by fusing the three characteristics of temporal variability, stability, and continuity in dynamic social network communities, and by adopting the multi-objective optimization method to detect community structures in dynamic networks. The probability fusion method is added to the initial step of the algorithm to generate suitable network partitions and ensure fast convergence and high accuracy. Two neighboring fusion strategies are proposed that are suitable for communities: the neighbor diversity strategy and the neighbor crowd strategy. These two strategies make different changes to the candidate network partitions. A continuity metric for dynamic community evolution is formulated to compare the similarity of the dynamic network communities of two consecutive time steps. Experiments on synthetic datasets and actual datasets prove that the proposed method in this paper provides better performance than existing methods.

The E–W trending Yanshan belt, an intraplate fold-thrust belt located in the northern North China Craton, has experienced several episodes of Mesozoic deformation, which resulted in the widely distributed magmatism and mountain-basin tectonics that completely re-shaped the topography of the eastern North China Craton. The eastern part of the famous Chinese Great Wall was built on the high range of the southeastern Yanshan mountain belt juxta-posed to the plain, which directly relates to the Bohai Bay basin. Our study focuses on which tectonic processes created such mountain-basin couple in Mid-Late Mesozoic times. The U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of zircons yield ages of 114 to 201 Ma for various granites and 115 to 116 Ma for volcanic rocks from Yixian and Jiufotang Fms. The detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous sandstones yield four age groups of 2587 to 2460 Ma, 2222 to 1828 Ma, 297 to 190 Ma and 187 to 100 Ma, which are all sourced from the Qinglong and surrounding areas and indicating that the Qinglong area started to uplift after the Middle Jurassic. The Qinglong area underwent multiple deformation by NE–SW compression in the Middle-Late Jurassic times, WNW–ESE compression in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, ENE–WSW extension in the Early Cretaceous and NNW–SSE compression in the Late Cretaceous during the final stage of the Yanshanian orogeny. Meanwhile, widely distributed granite intrusions and emplacement of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous volcanic rocks indicate a large amount of magma input into the area. The Qinglong area with the Great Wall along its southern margin close to adjacent plain to the south was uplifted to form the Qinglong highland and surrounding related basins by combination of the following three processes: the multiple tectonic Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous shortening processes related to Yanshanian orogeny, Early Cretaceous regional extension triggered by slab-retreat of the Paleo-Pacific ocean and inflation of large amount magma at depth during Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.

The aim of the study to investigate the cooling and exhumation history of deep crustal rocks along the Taili-Yiwulushan metamorphic core complex (MCC) corridor and correlate these with volcanic-clastic deposition in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous supra-detachment Fuxin-Yixian basin in the west and the mostly Eocene Liaohe basin in the east. This corridor exposes low- to medium-grade metamorphic Neoarchean rocks and Late Triassic, Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous granitic rocks, which exhumed from the middle to shallow crustal levels. New 40Ar/39Ar ages of muscovite, biotite, K-feldspar and apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He ages in combination with compiled published geochronological data from the granitic rocks constrain three major stages of cooling exhumation and deformation from Late Jurassic through Early Cretaceous to Eocene interrupted by Late Cretaceous tectonic quiescence. The onset of activity and exhumation and cooling is diachronous along the MCC corridor. At Taili in the south, the main activity of the sinistral shear zone is constrained between 160 and 140 Ma with major cooling from crystallization temperatures of granitoids from 700–750 °C to 160 °C (first stage). Along the Waziyu ductile detachment at the western border of the Yiwulushan MCC major cooling and exhumation is bracketed between 130 Ma and 100 Ma (second stage) and thus indicates a northward progradation of deformation and exhumation activity. However, cooling ages as old as 159 Ma along the eastern margin of the Yiwulushan MCC indicate an earlier initiation of cooling and westward rolling-hinge type propagation (first stage). Late Cretaceous and Paleogene times are characterized by a tectonically quiet period with only minor cooling and exhumation (stage three). The fourth and final stage of exhumation and cooling to very low temperatures occurred during Late Paleocene to earliest Eocene times and is associated with the transtensional or extensional opening of the Liaohe basin.

The copper indium gallium selenium (CIGS) thin film is recognized as the most potential material for photovoltaics applications, and the thin film solar cell with flexible substrate makes the application scenarios more extensive and the product advantages more obvious. In this contribution, we prepared high efficiency CIGS thin film solar cells on flexible stainless steel substrate by three-stage coevaporation method. In this study, silicon dioxide film was proposed as the diffusion barrier layer of iron, chromium and other impurity elements in stainless steel flexible substrate to the CIGS absorber, which were found to reduce the performance of the device. The thickness of the SiO2 barrier layers varying from 0 to 1000 nm was studied. The structure, crystal morphology and electrical properties of each sample were studied. The results showed that the conversion efficiency increased with the increase of thickness of sputtered silicon dioxide barrier until the thickness is greater than 200 nm.

Infrared photodetectors have been used widely in various applications. Significant efforts have been made to improve the performance of the commercial infrared photodetectors including HgCdTe and InGaAs for lowering the fabrication cost, simplifying the fabrication processes and increasing the production yield. Cu2CdxZn1-xSnSe4 (CCZTSe) kesterite material is a good candidate for infrared photodetectors application due to its low cost, abundant raw materials on the earth, tunable band gap. The detection rate is an important performance index for infrared detectors, which is inversely proportional to the square root of the dark current, so reducing the dark current is an effective way to improve the detection rate. In order to minimize the dark current and achieve high responsivity and detectivity for CCZTSe thin film infrared detectors (TFID), intermediate layers (between the CCZTSe and back contact) including MoO3, MoSe2 and MoS2 are adpoted and their effect on the performance of the detector are studied via SCAPS-1D (a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) software. SCAPS simulation shows that the high-functional MoO3 interfacial layer can reduce the back barrier and dark current of the detector more effectively than the other two. In addition, we find that the carrier concentration of the CCZTSe layer plays a great role on the dark current of the device. The dark current can be reduced significantly to the lowest value when the carrier concentration is 1017 cm−3. Finally, we further predict that the dark current can be reduced to ~ pA/cm2 level, by reducing the back surface recombination and Schottky barrier.

The influence of each entity in a network is a crucial index of the network information dissemination. Greedy influence maximization algorithms suffer from time efficiency and scalability issues. In contrast, heuristic influence maximization algorithms improve efficiency, but they cannot guarantee accurate results. Considering this, this paper proposes a Gaussian propagation model based on the social networks. Multi-dimensional space modeling is constructed by offset, motif, and degree dimensions for propagation simulation. This space’s circumstances are controlled by some influence diffusion parameters. An influence maximization algorithm is proposed under this model, and this paper uses an improved CELF algorithm to accelerate the influence maximization algorithm. Further, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of the influence maximization algorithm based on the Gaussian propagation model supported by theoretical proofs. Extensive experiments are conducted to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of a series of influence maximization algorithms. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm shows significant improvement in both effectiveness and efficiency.

The smart city makes use of information technology to integrate city systems and functions to optimize city management and services. In this paper, we treat the smart city as a Cyber-Physical-Social System (CPSS), which is a kind of heterogeneous complex network system. Since information diffusion is fundamental to complex network analysis, we would like to summarize information diffusion in CPSS, including features of information diffusion, its application in the field of smart city, and critical technologies of information diffusion modeling and analysis. Finally, we point out open research issues, challenges, and put forward the possible future direction for research of information diffusion in smart city CPSS.

Background Data on treatable traits (TTs) in different populations are limited. Objective To assess TTs in elderly patients with asthma and compare them to younger patients, to evaluate the association of TTs with future exacerbations, and to develop an exacerbation prediction model. Methods We consecutively recruited 521 participants at West China Hospital, Sichuan University based on the Australasian Severe Asthma Network, classified as elderly (n = 62) and nonelderly (n = 459). Participants underwent a multidimensional assessment to characterize the TTs and were then followed up for 12 months. TTs and their relationship with future exacerbations were described. Based on the TTs and asthma control levels, an exacerbation prediction model was developed, and the overall performance was externally validated in an independent cohort. Results A total of 38 TTs were assessed. Elderly patients with asthma had more chronic metabolic diseases, fixed airflow limitation, emphysema, and neutrophilic inflammation, whereas nonelderly patients with asthma exhibited more allergic characteristics and psychiatric diseases. Nine traits were associated with increased future exacerbations, of which exacerbation prone, upper respiratory infection–induced asthma attack, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression were the strongest. A model including exacerbation prone, psychiatric disease, cardiovascular disease, upper respiratory infection–induced asthma attack, noneosinophilic inflammation, cachexia, food allergy, and asthma control was developed to predict exacerbation risk and showed good performance. Conclusions TTs can be systematically assessed in elderly patients with asthma, some of which are associated with future exacerbations, proving their clinical utility of evaluating them. A model based on TTs can be used to predict exacerbation risk in people with asthma.

Objective May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is typically characterized by compression of the left common iliac vein by the overlying right common iliac artery. The present study evaluated the occurrence of atypical imaging features of MTS using three-dimensional computed tomography venography reconstruction (3D-CTV) and analyzed their correlation with clinical features. Methods We analyzed the data from 268 patients with left lower extremity chronic venous disease (CVD) using 3D-CTV at a single institution from January to June 2019. An area stenosis percentage >50% was defined as significant venous compression. Of the 268 patients, 92 had at least one significant iliac and/or vena cava compression confirmed by 3D-CTV. Of the 92 patients, 89 underwent digital subtraction venography via the left common femoral vein, and the outcomes were compared with their 3D-CTV findings. Different types of venous compression were evaluated using 3D-CTV. The relationship among compression type, sex, age, and CVD symptoms was evaluated. Results A total of 106 venous compression sites were found in 92 patients. Atypical compression included inferior vena cava (IVC) compression and partial IVC compression (8.5% and 55.7%, respectively). Multiple compression sites were present in 13 patients (14.1%). The compression sites correlated significantly with clinical symptoms (P = .017) and were related to sex (P = .001). The number of patients with IVC and partial IVC compression but false-negative venography findings was four (33.3%) and six (50%), respectively. Conclusions 3D-CTV facilitates the detection of atypical venous compression in patients with MTS with notable chronic symptoms. Patients with multiple compression sites had more severe clinical symptoms and greater false-negative rates with venography. IVC compression was more likely to occur in female patients with MTS.

Electro-optic modulation based on a graphene nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) with superlubricity is proposed and systematically theoretical investigated. We demonstrate that the superlubricity greatly improve the performance of photoelectric modulators based on graphene NEMS due to its extremely low coefficient of friction. The modulation voltage of graphene NEMS electro-optic modulation with superlubricity can be reduced to 200 mV, which is 1–3 orders of magnitude larger lower than that of the traditional electro-optical modulator, giving rise to a dramatic reduction of the power consumption of the modulator by approximately 3 orders of magnitude. The modulation response speed can reach nanoseconds, which is 4 orders of magnitude higher than the speed of traditional mechanical electro-optic modulation. At the same time, this modulator has a very wide modulation wavelength range and is not sensitive to the angle of incident light. Two-dimensional material devices, incorporated with mechanical modulation and superlubricity, will have important applications in optoelectronics and optical communication.

Objectives Retrograde type A dissection (RTAD) is a rare but life-threatening event following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), and its total endovascular treatment is a huge challenge. This research aimed to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, technical success, and medical outcomes of in situ laser fenestration of aortic arch stent grafts during TEVAR of RTAD. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 15 patients with RTAD who received in situ laser fenestration of aortic arch stent grafts during TEVAR between Mar 2016 and Dec 2019. All patients were subjected to intraoperative extracorporeal brain perfusion. The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative medical data were collected and analyzed. Results The mean age of the 15 patients was 64 ± 8 years, 8 of whom were male. The immediate overall technical success rates, including aortic stent deployment were 100% and primary fenestration success was achieved in 13 (86.7%) patients. The mean postoperative length of stay was 10 ± 4 days. Stroke occurred in 1 case. No in-hospital/30-day death nor permanent paraplegia/paresis was observed. The mean follow-up time was 13 ± 5 months. Two type Ia endoleaks were found, but no late occlusion and migration of the supra-aortic branch arteries stents during the follow-up were observed. Conclusions The in situ laser fenestration of aortic arch stent grafts during TEVAR of RTAD is a potential total endovascular therapy of RTAD for patients unsuitable for direct surgical repair.

The drug resistance prevalence data facilitates selection of the initial drug for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of seven additional types of drug resistances among MDR-TB isolates collected from the first/only nationwide drug resistance surveillance in China. A total of 391 out of the 401 MDR-TB strains were successfully recovered by Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Drug susceptibility testing was performed against moxifloxacin (Mfx), bedaquiline (Bdq), linezolid (Lzd), clofazimine (Cfz), cycloserine (Cs), delamanid (Dlm) and pyrazinamide (PZA). The strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing for the analysis corresponding drug resistant genes and their profiles. 269 (68.80%) were simple MDR-TB, 28 (7.16%) were extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and 94 (24.04%) were pre-XDR-TB. Dlm, Lzd, Cfz and Bdq presented the lowest drug resistant rates i.e. 3.32% (13/391), 3.84% (15/391),6.65% (26/391) and 7.16% (28/391), respectively. Mfx (17.39%, 68/391) and CS (13.55%, 53/391) also demonstrated strong potencies against the MDR strains, whereas PZA (38.36%, 150/391) presented much higher resistant rate. 54.41% (37/68) Mfx-resistant strains carried mutations located within gyrA or gyrB. 70.15% (94/134) PZA-resistant strains had pncA mutations. Two of the 26 Cfz-resistant isolates had mutation in Rv0678 were also resistant to Bdq. Dlm, Lzd, Cfz and Bdq exhibited excellent activity against MDR-TB, including XDR-TB. These data highlighted the necessity of a timely, feasible and reliable DST, while genotypic DST for Mfx and PZA is promising at this moment.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignancy-related incidence and mortality worldwide. Molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and development of lung cancer are still warranted to be elucidated. Previous studies have shown that non-coding RNAs are related to the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. However, the expression patterns and clinical implications of circRNAs in lung cancer remain obscure. CircRNAs are a special class of non-coding RNAs with stable covalently closed circular structures, high abundance and tissue/cell/development-specific expression patterns. Thus, circRNAs are a new frontier in lung cancer research. Therefore, in this review, we elucidated the biological function and mechanism of circRNAs, as well as the role of aberrant expressed circRNAs in proliferation, invasion, drug resistance and tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discussed that circRNAs may serve as potential clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of lung cancer.

The emission and absorption properties of Mn doped CsPbCl3 NC make it ideal candidates as luminescent down shifting layer material for solar cells, However, effective Mn doping and further quantum yield improvement remains challenging. We present our modified hot injection route to obtain Mn doped CsPbCl3 nanocrystals with different morphologies and enhanced quantum yield. The samples presented were synthesized with precursor MnCl2 and PbCl2 with the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1:3. For samples with lower Mn doping level, the as prepared samples are uniform nanocubes with average size of 11 nm. When MnCl2 amount is increased beyond 2.5, large piece of nanosheets were found by TEM and AFM with ultrathin thickness and strong quantum confinement effect. CsPbCl3 nanocrystals with optimal Mn doping level show enhanced quantum yield of 69%. Luminescent down shifting layers prepared from Mn doped CsPbCl3 nanocrystals successfully increased short-circuit current (6.67%) and PCE (1.67%) of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell.

Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible and progressive fatal interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive value of combined blood biomarkers, pulmonary function and quantitative monitoring by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system in IPF patients. Methods Pulmonary baseline function and pathological features of 126 patients with IPF were analyzed using spirometry and chest X-ray. Patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group after 5 years follow-up. The relationships the levels of peripheral blood biomarkers, quantitative imaging characteristics and pulmonary function were analyzed between the two groups. Results The baseline level of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) were moderately or highly correlated with annual changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO), total lung capacity (TLC), total interstitial lung disease (ILD) lesions, and the volume changes of reticular. The baseline level of serum KL-6 was higher than the cut-off value of 800.0 U/ml and baseline level of serum CXCL13 was higher than the cut-off value of 62.0 pg/ml. IPF patients with baseline levels of serum KL-6 and CXCL13 lower than the cut-off value had longer median survival time. Conclusions Serum KL-6 and CXCL13 may be predictive biomarkers for the outcomes of patients with IPF patients and their baseline levels were related to the progression of pulmonary function and quantitative monitoring by CAD system.

Microtubules are made up of tubulin protein and play a very important part in numerous cellular events of eukaryotic cells, which is why they are seen as attractive targets for tumor chemotherapy. BNC105, a known vascular targeting agent, has entered in phase II clinical trials. It has previously been confirmed that BNC105 is an effective microtubule targeting agent for various cancers. BNC105 exhibits selectivity for tumor cells, elicits vascular disrupting effects, and inhibits tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanism of BNC105 is still elusive. Herein, the crystal structure of BNC105 in complex with tubulin protein is revealed, demonstrating the its interaction with the colchicine binding site. In order to thoroughly evaluate its molecular mechanism from a structural-activity-relationship standpoint, the binding mode of tubulin to BNC-105 is compared with colchicine, CA-4 and other BNC-105 derivatives. Our study not only confirms the detailed interactions of the BNC105-tubulin complex, but also offer substantial structural foundation for the design and development of novel benzo[b]furan derivatives as microtubule targeting agents.

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a serine hydrolase that plays a crucial role catalysing the hydrolysis of monoglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. It links the endocannabinoid and eicosanoid systems together by degradation of the abundant endocannabinoid 2-arachidaoylglycerol into arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators. MAGL inhibitors have been considered as important agents in many therapeutic fields, including anti-nociceptive, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and even anti-cancer. Currently, ABX-1431, a first-in-class inhibitor of MAGL, is entering clinical phase 2 studies for neurological disorders and other diseases. This review summarizes the diverse (patho)physiological roles of MAGL and will provide an overview on the development of MAGL inhibitors. Although a large number of MAGL inhibitors have been reported, novel inhibitors are still required, particularly reversible ones., Graphical abstract Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) plays a crucial role catalysing the hydrolysis of monoglycerides. MAGL inhibitors have been considered as important agents in many therapeutic fields, including anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. The diverse (patho)physiological roles of MAGL and a comprehensive overview of reported MAGL inhibitors were summarized in this review.Image 1

Highlights • In this study, a multivariable risk prediction model was developed that may help predict a patient's risk of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance. • Time from illness onset to admission, haemoptysis, diarrhea, use of glucocorticoids, leukopenia and elevated alanine transaminase were independent risk factors for prolonged duration of viral clearance • Estimating these risk factors could promote individual precision therapy and optimizing the use of medical resources.