1. Cross-stage immunity for malaria vaccine development
- Author
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Robert W. Sauerwein, Wiebke Nahrendorf, Jean Langhorne, and Anja Scholzen
- Subjects
Plasmodium ,Erythrocytes ,Cross Protection ,MSP-1, merozoite surface protein 1 ,030231 tropical medicine ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Pre-erythrocytic ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,Immunity ,Immunology and Microbiology(all) ,Malaria Vaccines ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Blood-stage ,CPS, chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,030304 developmental biology ,iv, intravenous ,Life Cycle Stages ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Malaria vaccine ,Vaccination ,AMA-1, apical membrane antigen 1 ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,biology.organism_classification ,Acquired immune system ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,veterinary(all) ,3. Good health ,Malaria ,Cross-stage ,Infectious Diseases ,Liver ,Immunization ,Immunology ,Molecular Medicine ,Vaccine - Abstract
Highlights • Antigens are shared between liver and blood-stage malaria parasites. • Cross-stage antigens can mediate protection which is life cycle stage transcending. • Multi-stage malaria vaccine development should identify cross-stage antigens., A vaccine against malaria is urgently needed for control and eventual eradication. Different approaches are pursued to induce either sterile immunity directed against pre-erythrocytic parasites or to mimic naturally acquired immunity by controlling blood-stage parasite densities and disease severity. Pre-erythrocytic and blood-stage malaria vaccines are often seen as opposing tactics, but it is likely that they have to be combined into a multi-stage malaria vaccine to be optimally safe and effective. Since many antigenic targets are shared between liver- and blood-stage parasites, malaria vaccines have the potential to elicit cross-stage protection with immune mechanisms against both stages complementing and enhancing each other. Here we discuss evidence from pre-erythrocytic and blood-stage subunit and whole parasite vaccination approaches that show that protection against malaria is not necessarily stage-specific. Parasites arresting at late liver-stages especially, can induce powerful blood-stage immunity, and similarly exposure to blood-stage parasites can afford pre-erythrocytic immunity. The incorporation of a blood-stage component into a multi-stage malaria vaccine would hence not only combat breakthrough infections in the blood should the pre-erythrocytic component fail to induce sterile protection, but would also actively enhance the pre-erythrocytic potency of this vaccine. We therefore advocate that future studies should concentrate on the identification of cross-stage protective malaria antigens, which can empower multi-stage malaria vaccine development.
- Published
- 2015
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