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Leonurus japonicus Houtt., also known as motherwort, is a traditional Chinese medicine that was first identified in Shennong Bencao Jing, the first and essential pharmacy monograph in China. L. japonicus has been regarded as a good gynecological medicine since ancient times. It has been widely used in clinical settings for treatment of gynecological diseases and postnatal rehabilitation with good efficacy and low adverse effects.The main purpose of this study was to determine the angiogenic and wound healing effects of total alkaloid fraction from L. japonicus Houtt. (TALH) in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the main bioactive components of total alkaloids were to be identified and analyzed in this study.First, the UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS method was used to identify and quantify the major components in the TALH extract. The wound healing activity was evaluated in vivo using a rat full-thickness cutaneous wound model. Histological study of wound healing in rat model was performed via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Wound healing and transwell assays were used for detection of cell migration. The effect on tube formation was determined by tube formation assay in HUVECs. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of relative proteins and genes respectively. Knock-down of SRC by siRNA was done to verify the crucial role of SRC in promotion of angiogenesis induced by TALH.Seven characteristic peaks were recognized in the UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS spectrum, while four of the main components were quantified. The wound model in rats showed that treatment of TALH promoted wound healing by stimulating cellular proliferation and collagen deposition. In vitro experiments showed that co-treatment of TALH and VEGF increased cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Mechanistic studies suggested that the co-treatment increased gene expressions of SRC, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, as well as the phosphorylation levels of these proteins. Furthermore, the effect of co-treatment was attenuated after SRC knockdown, suggesting that SRC plays an important role in angiogenesis and wound healing induced by TALH and VEGF co-treatment.Our results showed that TALH was one of the main active components of L. japonicus that promoted angiogenesis and wound healing by regulating the SRC/MEK/ERK pathway. Our study provided scientific basis for better clinical application of L. japonicas.

A chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of o -hydroxybenzyl alcohols with 3-alkylindoles has been established, which was used to construct a biologically important diarylindol-2-ylmethane scaffold in high yields and with good enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 90:10 er ). Moreover, these novel compounds were subjected to tests to determine the in vitro cytotoxicity against carcinoma Hela cells. Nearly all of the tested compounds exhibited strong or moderate cytotoxicity to Hela cells with IC 50 values ranging from 6.821 to 28.042 μg/mL.

A survey of resistance to five conventional insecticides was conducted in 2009 and 2010 for the first generation 4th-instar larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata from Urumqi, Changji, Qitai and Qapqal. Compared with the Tekes population, a reference susceptible population, the Changji and Qapqal populations exhibited very high to moderate levels of resistance to cyhalothrin and deltamethrin, moderate to high levels of resistance to carbosulfan and carbofuran, and low levels of resistance to azinphosmethyl. Moreover, the Urumqi and the Qitai populations reached a high and a moderate level of resistance to carbosulfan, respectively. Synergistic effects of triphenyl phosphate, diethylmeleate, and piperonyl butoxide on cyhalothrin and carbosulfan in Changji population revealed that cytochrome P450s were involved in the resistance to cyhalothrin but not carbosulfan. A modified bi-PASA was developed to simultaneously detect point mutations of S291G in the AChE and L1014F in the LdVssc1 genes. The former mutation resulted in the resistance to carbamates and the latter in the resistance to pyrethroids. The rates of homozygous and heterozygous resistant individuals to carbamates (S291G mutation) were 17.6% and 14.7%, 50.6% and 42.2%, 49.9% and 41.7%, 51.3% and 41.4%, and 44.8% and 47.4%; to pyrethroids (L1014F mutation) were 5.8% and 8.7%, 36.1% and 27.0%, 41.8% and 24.8%, 12.2% and 9.7%, and 7.9% and 10.6%, respectively, in samples from Tekes, Changji, Qapqal, Urumqi and Qitai. I392T point mutation in the AChE was detected by RT-PCR among 18 individuals from Changji, Qapqal, Urumqi and Qitai. These results demonstrated that point mutations of S291G in the AChE and L1014F in the LdVscc1 are responsible for, at least partially, the resistance to carbamates and pyrethroids in L. decemlineata in some field populations in northern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.