Search

Fucoidans isolated from brown seaweeds are potential ingredients in the cosmetic industry. In our preosvious study, a fucoidan was isolated from the brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata (TO-F10) and the anti-inflammatory effect of TO-F10 was evaluated. In order to further explore the potential of TO-F10 in cosmetics, in the present study, antioxidant and photoprotective effects of TO-F10 were investigated. TO-F10 remarkably protected Vero cells against AAPH-stimulated cell death by reducing apoptosis via scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, TO-F10 increased the survival rate of AAPH-treated zebrafish by suppressing oxidative stress displayed in reducing the levels of ROS, cell death, and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, TO-F10 effectively attenuated UVB-induced in vitro and in vivo photodamage. TO-F10 increased the viability of UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes via suppressing apoptosis by reducing the intracellular ROS level. Besides, TO-F10 effectively attenuated in vivo photodamage stimulated by UVB irradiation via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response in zebrafish. These results demonstrate that TO-F10 possesses in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and photoprotective effects, and suggest TO-F10 is a potential ingredient in the cosmetic industry.

Fucoidans possess potent anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of the fucoidan (SFF-PS-F5) isolated from fermented Sargassum fusiforme was evaluated in vitro in RAW 264.7 macrophages and in vivo in zebrafish. The in vitro test results demonstrate that SFF-PS-F5 effectively inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells. SFF-PS-F5 effectively and concentration-dependently improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and reduced the level of prostaglandin E

A fucoidan (LJSF4) purified from Saccharina japonica was found to show a strong anti-inflammatory effect via activity assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and zebrafish. Chemical and structural analysis indicated that LJSF4 with a sulfate content of 30.72% was composed of fucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose and mannose with molar ratio percentages of 79.49%, 16.76%, 0.82%, 1.08% and 1.84%. NMR spectroscopy showed that LJSF4 is a polysaccharide with a backbone of alternating 1 → 3 linked α- l -fucopyranosyl and →4-α- l -fucopyranosyl with sulfate groups mainly at C–4 and partially at C–2 positions. Moreover, it also contained branches in the form of β- d -Galp-(1 → 4) units. The results of anti-inflammatory effect in vitro demonstrated that LJSF4 decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. The mechanism revealed to be associated with the down-regulated expression of signal pathways including MAPK and NF-κB. By in vivo assay, LJSF4 showed a significantly protective effect by reducing the cell death rate, and the production of NO and ROS on LPS exposed zebrafish. Our results indicated that LJSF4 has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent applied in functional food and cosmetic industries.

This study evaluated the efficacy of Monascus purpureus fermentation on Saccharina japonica (SJ). Healthy substances and antioxidant activity of fermented SJ (FSJ) were determined. Results showed that fermentation caused the release of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which resulted in the enhancement of antioxidant activity. Essential amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid also greatly accumulated in FSJ. Sensory evaluation and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) were used to evaluate flavor properties of FSJ. A lexicon consisted of 24 descriptors was established for SJ and FSJ, of which 14 descriptors were regarded as odor attributes. A total of 46 volatile compounds were identified by GC-IMS and showed positive correlation with odor attributes. Fifteen volatile compounds were screened as key compounds, tricarboxylic acid cycle, embden-meyerhof-parnas and amino acid catabolism were main formation metabolisms of them. Advanced properties of FSJ indicated that fermentation is a promising approach for the production of SJ food.

Higher quantities of arsenic (As) in Sargassum fusiforme limit its use as a food ingredient. The present study aimed to reduce As in S. fusiforme using sequential processing involving hot water, citric acid, and fermentation. The As content in S. fusiforme of 76.18 mg/kg was reduced to 30.47 mg/kg and 24.45 mg/kg using hot water and citric acid processing, respectively. However, the As content in S. fusiforme was reduced to 9.09 mg/kg by sequential processing with hot water and citric acid. Using response surface methodology, optimal processing conditions for S. fusiforme were determined to be treatment with hot water at 60 °C for 120 min followed by treatment with 0.4% citric acid. To further reduce the As content, the processed S. fusiforme was fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the As content was further reduced to 1.64 mg/kg. In addition, the levels of organic acids and amino acids in S. fusiforme pre- and post-fermentation were significantly altered. These results indicated that the As content in S. fusiforme could be effectively reduced using the sequential processing with hot water, citric acid, and L. rhamnosus fermentation, and the organic acid and amino acid levels were significantly altered by L. rhamnosus fermentation.

To solve the serious environmental pollution caused by traditional plastic mulching film, a biodegradable kelp mulching film (KMF) with excellent film forming properties was fabricated using kelp as the raw material. In this paper, the effects of different crosslinking modes with Ca2 + and H+ on the film formation of KMF were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the synergistic gelation of calcium alginate and alginic acid existed in Ca2 +-H+-KMF, implying that the KMF simultaneously crosslinks with Ca2 + and H+. And the Ca2 +-H+-KMF exhibited the best physical and mechanical properties among the five differently crosslinked KMFs. Studied results suggested that KMF simultaneously crosslinked by 2% Ca2 + and 1% H+ for 15 min had the best overall performance. The maximum tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) were 66.72 MPa and 7.68%, at the same time, the water vapour permeation (WVP) and water solubility (WS) were 8.05 × 10− 11 g/(m·s·Pa) and 7.75%. Using kelp in agricultural mulching films reflects the ecological concept of making full use of resources, thus the KMF can be regarded as a sustainable ecological alternative to traditional plastic mulching films in agriculture.

In this study, we fabricated a soft, transparent UV-shielding film (Alg-Fe3+-EDTA) by crosslinking sodium alginate with a ferric ion solution containing EDTA. The obtained films were characterized via SEM, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TG and DTG; the results indicated that the synergistic gelation of ferric alginate and alginic acid existed in Alg-Fe3+-EDTA film. The Alg-Fe3+-EDTA film performance to be optimized under the following conditions: 1.6% Fe3+, 0.8% EDTA, and crosslinking duration of 12 min. The Alg-Fe3+-EDTA film had high visible light transmittance, the UV-C (200–280 nm) and UV-B (280–315 nm) shielding rates were 100%, and the UV-A (315–400 nm) shielding rate was 98.37%; the UPF reached 50+; additionally, the tensile strength and elongation-at-break were 56.85 MPa and 10.45%, respectively, and still have ultraviolet shielding effect under water environments or after strong light irradiation. This work provides an efficient method to improve the optical and mechanical ability of ferric alginate films.

In the present study, the sulfated polysaccharides obtained from Codium fragile (CFCE-PS) were prepared by enzymatic digestion and ethanol precipitation, and the antioxidant properties of CFCE-PS were evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models. CFCE-PS contained 76.84% sulfated polysaccharides, which comprised 55.78 ± 3.00% of carbohydrate and 21.06 ± 1.07% of sulfate. CFCE-PS scavenged hydroxyl, alkyl, and DPPH radicals with IC50 values of 1.21 ± 0.01, 1.42 ± 0.17, and 6.14 ± 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. CFCE-PS remarkably protected Vero cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage by reducing the intracellular ROS level, increasing cell viability, and suppressing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CFCE-PS significantly attenuated H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in vivo in zebrafish. CFCE-PS dose-dependently improved the survival rate and normalized the heartbeat, as well as reduced ROS, cell death, and lipid peroxidation in H2O2-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results demonstrated that CFCE-PS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities, and it could be used as an ingredient in the functional food, pharmacy, and cosmetic industries.

The expanding aquaculture industry increases the prices of fishmeal, the main protein source in fish diet. A promising alternative is microalgal protein. Therefore, we investigated the protein production capacities of green microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 and Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31. After optimization, the maximum biomass and protein productivities of Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 reached high values of 4.35 ± 0.09 and 0.856 ± 0.025 g/L/d, while that of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 also reached high values of 4.636 ± 0.10 and 0.946 ± 0.065 g/L/d. The cultivation time for both species was only 2 days, wherein Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 and Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 amassed moderate protein contents of 25.9 ± 1.3% and 26.8 ± 1.3%. The optimum conditions for both species were 50% initial nitrate concentration of Basal medium, 5% CO2 aeration, and 750 μmol/m2/s light intensity. The high biomass and protein productivities of both species indicated their capability as potential protein sources.

In order to prepare sustained-release organic liquid fertilizer, alginate and amide nitrogen urea were used as materials to study the release of alginate from urea and its application in soilless cultivation. The interactions between alginate and urea in aqueous solutions were investigated based on particle size, zeta-potential, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. We used ultrafiltration centrifuge tubes to separate the alginate, binary complex of alginate and urea, and free urea. The sustained-release action of alginate was characterized by measuring the content of free urea. XRD and FTIR results revealed that a binary complex between alginate and urea was successfully generated because of non-covalent interaction forces, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effects. The release efficiency of alginate was 54.58% with urea. These results indicate that alginate is suitable for the slow release of urea in aqueous solutions, which is advantageous for the preparation of soilless algal organic fertilizers. In soilless cultivation experiments, the urea release by alginate was slower, resulting a fresh weight, dry weight, protein content, and soluble sugar content retention after the end of the growth of 23.93, 51.16, 23.76, and 16.32%, respectively. These values were higher than those of the control (P

Haematococcus pluvialis is one of the most abundant sources of natural astaxanthin as compared to others microorganism. Therefore, it is important to understand the biorefinery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis, starting from the cultivation stage to the downstream processing of astaxanthin. The present review begins with an introduction of cellular morphologies and life cycle of H. pluvialis from green vegetative motile stage to red non-motile haematocyst stage. Subsequently, the conventional biorefinery methods (e.g., mechanical disruption, solvent extraction, direct extraction using vegetable oils, and enhanced solvent extraction) and recent advanced biorefinery techniques (e.g., supercritical CO2 extraction, magnetic-assisted extraction, ionic liquids extraction, and supramolecular solvent extraction) were presented and evaluated. Moreover, future prospect and challenges were highlighted to provide a useful guide for future development of biorefinery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. The review aims to serve as a present knowledge for researchers dealing with the bioproduction of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis.

A rapid and efficient method for extracting Mnoiodo-tyrosine (MIT) and Diiodo-tyrosine (DIT) from laminaria was successfully developed. The laminaria samples were first pretreated with microwaves, before the MIT and DIT were extracted with an ultrasonic water bath. A response surface experiment was used to optimize the extraction conditions, and ultimately the best conditions for extraction were successfully identified, which were a microwave power of 250 W, a microwave time of 4.7 min, an addition of 0.31 g of pancreatin, and 4.22 h in the ultrasonic water bathe. A simple and low-cost High-Performance Liquid Chromatography High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Photodiode Array (HPLC-PDA) detection method for MIT and DIT was established. The detection limits ranged from 50.6 to 320.6 ng/g. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the degree of damage to the laminaria cells from the different extraction methods. The molecular weight distribution of the organic iodine of the original laminaria and the laminaria after enzymatic hydrolysis was studied by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS).

Effect of medium composition and culture conditions on agarase production by Agarivorans albus YKW-34 was investigated in shake flasks. The most suitable carbon source, nitrogen source, and culture temperature were agar, yeast extract, and 25 °C, respectively, for agarase production by one-factor-at-a-time design. The nutritional components of the medium and culture conditions were analyzed by Plackett–Burman design. Among the nine factors studied, agar, yeast extract, and initial pH had significant effects on agarase production ( p A. albus YKW-34 for the production of agarase.

An alginate lyase with high specific enzyme activity was purified from Vibrio sp. YKW-34, which was newly isolated from turban shell gut. The alginate lyase was purified by in order of ion exchange, hydrophobic and gel filtration chromatographies to homogeneity with a recovery of 7% and a fold of 25. This alginate lyase was composed of a single polypeptide chain with molecular mass of 60 kDa and isoelectric point of 5.5–5.7. The optimal pH and temperature for alginate lyase activity were pH 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. The alginate lyase was stable over pH 7.0–10.0 and at temperature below 50 °C. The alginate lyase had substrate specificity for both poly-guluronate and poly-mannuronate units. The k cat / K m value for alginate (heterotype) was 1.7 × 10 6 s −1 M −1 . The enzyme activity was completely lost by dialysis and restored by addition of Na + or K + . The optimal activity exhibited in 0.1 M of Na + or K + . This enzyme was resistant to denaturing reagents (SDS and urea), reducing reagents (β-mercaptoethanol and DTT) and chelating reagents (EGTA and EDTA).