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Wound treatment remains one of the most prevalent healthcare issues. Tylotoin is a skin repair peptide identified from salamander (Tylototriton verrucosus) and exhibits skin wound healing properties. Noticeably, the easy degradation and frequent administration limit its application in wound healing. Chitosan (CS) -PLGA-Tylotoin nanoparticles (CPT NPs) were prepared to circumvent this limitation and deliver Tylotoin for the promotion of the healing of skin wounds. Results showed that optimized CPT NPs particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 297.80 ± 5.37 nm, 20.37 ± 0.83 mV, 81.00 % and 1.74 %, respectively. In vitro, CPT NPs exhibited good antibacterial properties and biocompatibility and persistently promoted the cell migration of HaCaT cells and HUVECs due to the long-term sustained release of Tylotoin within 14 days (64.81 %). In vivo, the scarless healing of skin wound promotion was evaluated in mouse back full-thickness wound models. We demonstrated that mouse back full-thickness wounds topically treated with CPT NPs once every two weeks exhibited better scarless healing than those treated with Tylotoin once daily. We envision that CPT NPs, as a Tylotoin delivery platform might, may be potentially utilized to in skin wounds healing in clinics in the future.

In this paper, sulfated ZrO2 were synthesized via precipitation and impregnation method, and the promoting effects of support sulfation on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance of CeO2/ZrO2 catalysts were investigated. The results revealed that sulfated ZrO2 could significantly enhance the SCR activity of CeO2/ZrO2 catalysts in a wide temperature range. Especially when S/Zr molar ratio was 0.1, CeO2/ZrO2-0.1S catalyst exhibited a large operating temperature window of 251 ∼ 500 °C and its N2 selectivity was 100 % in the temperature range of 150 ∼ 500 °C. Moreover, CeO2/ZrO2-0.1S catalyst possessed a superior low-temperature activity over 0.1S-CeO2/ZrO2 catalyst. After exposing to 100 ppm SO2 for 15 h, a high NO conversion efficiency of CeO2/ZrO2-0.1S catalyst (90.7 %) could still be reached. The characterization results indicated that ZrO2 treated with a proper dosage of sulfate acid was beneficial to enlarge the specific surface area greatly. Sulfated ZrO2 was also in favor of promoting the transformation of CeO2 from crystalline state to highly-dispersed amorphous state, and inhibiting the transformation of ZrO2 from tetragonal to monoclinic phase. It could also enhance the total surface acidity greatly with an increase in both Bronsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites, thus significantly improving NH3 adsorption on catalyst surface. Besides, the promoting effect of support sulfation on SCR performance of CeO2/ZrO2 catalysts was also related with the enhanced redox property, higher Ce3+/(Ce3++Ce4+) ratio and abundant surface chemisorbed labile oxygen. The in-situ DRIFTS results implied that nitrate species coordinated on the surface of CeO2/ZrO2-0.1S catalyst could participate in the Selective catalytic reduction with ammonia (NH3-SCR) reactions at either medium or high temperature, suggesting that both Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanisms might be followed in SCR reactions.

Engineered T cell therapies, mainly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T and T cell receptor (TCR)-T, have become the new frontier of cancer treatment. CAR-T and TCR-T therapies differ in many aspects, including cell persistence and toxicity, leading to different therapeutic outcomes. Both TCR and CAR recognize antigens and trigger T cell mediated antitumor response, but they have distinct molecular structures and signaling properties. TCR represents one of the most complex receptors, while CAR is a single-chain chimera integrating modules from multiple immune receptors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the strengths and limitations of both systems can pave the way for the development of next-generation T cell therapy. This review synthesizes recent findings on TCR and CAR signaling and highlights the potential strategies of T cell engineering by signaling refinement.

CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have become an important therapeutic option for patients with relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies. However, a significant portion of patients still do not benefit from the therapy owing to various resistance mechanisms, including high expression of multiple inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. Here, we report a lentiviral two-in-one CAR T approach in which two checkpoint receptors are downregulated simultaneously by a dual short hairpin RNA cassette integrated into a CAR vector. Using this system, we evaluated CD19-targeting CAR T cells in the context of four different checkpoint combinations—PD-1/TIM-3, PD-1/LAG-3, PD-1/CTLA-4, and PD-1/TIGIT—and found that CAR T cells with PD-1/TIGIT downregulation uniquely exerted synergistic antitumor effects. Importantly, functional and phenotypic analyses suggested that downregulation of PD-1 enhances short-term effector function, whereas downregulation of TIGIT is primarily responsible for maintaining a less differentiated/exhausted state, providing a potential mechanism for the observed synergy. The PD-1/TIGIT-downregulated CAR T cells generated from diffuse large B cell lymphoma patient-derived T cells also showed robust antitumor activity and significantly improved persistence in vivo. The efficacy and safety of PD-1/TIGIT-downregulated CD19-targeting CAR T cells are currently being evaluated in adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B cell lymphoma (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836507 ).

In order to solve the oxidation problem of the Ni-based solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), SOECs with symmetrical electrode Sm0.5Sr0.5FeO3-δ- Gd0.1Ce0.9O2-δ (SSF-GDC) were systematically investigated, including the steam partial pressure, the working temperature, the electrolysis voltage. The reversible symmetrical cells with SSF-GDC electrode under humidified hydrogen presented good reversibility, and the maximum electrolysis current density was 1025 mA cm−2 at 800 °C with the applied voltage of 2V. In the case of direct N2 with 20% steam partial pressure as fuel, the symmetrical cells generated the maximum electrolysis current density increased from 267 to 1560 mA cm−2 at 650–800 °C. The influence of the steam partial pressure on the steam electrolysis showed that the maximum electrolysis current densities increased with the increase of the steam partial pressure from 3% to 20%, and the steam electrolysis with 3% steam partial pressure showed obvious concentration polarization due to insufficient steam partial pressure at high electrolysis current density. Finally, the short-term stability at different electrolysis voltages and long-term stability at the electrolysis voltage of 1.5V showed that there was no attenuation after 25 h operation, indicating that SSF-based symmetrical electrodes cab be an alternative to Ni-based fuel electrode materials for high-temperature steam electrolysis.

The coexistence of nanoparticles (NPs) and environmental pollutants has become a new type of pollution, and the co-adsorption behaviors of coexisting NPs and pollutants on the coconut shell porous biochar is important to explore the environmental fate of both pollutants and NPs in complex environments. In this study, the interaction between nano-titanium dioxide (n-TiO2) and tetracycline (TC) during the adsorption process on the coconut shell biochar (CBC) was explored by adsorption experiment, the co-adsorption mechanisms of TC and n-TiO2 onto CBC were discussed by morphology and characteristics of Scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that the n-TiO2 in the TC + TiO2 binary system leads to the TC adsorption decrease by 54.60% averagely. The TC in the TC + TiO2 binary system increased the n-TiO2 adsorption by 31.97% averagely but weakened the adsorption affinity of n-TiO2. Characterization analysis confirmed that, the hydrogen bonding, π-π/n-π interaction and pore filling between TC and CBC were suppressed in the TC + TiO2 binary system. The TC in the binary system enhances the n-TiO2 adsorption on the outer surface and the inner surface of CBC by surface bridging and reducing the agglomeration of n-TiO2.

Scientific research on service networks for sustainable business (SN-SB) and its impact on business and economics has been growing in recent years. The first document was published in 1968, and the SN-SB research has lasted over half a century. This paper offers a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the academic literature published between 1968 and 2019 with regards to the SN-SB research in 2,366 publications from Web of Science. By applying different bibliometric analyses, such as performance analysis, cooperation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, burst detection analysis, and timeline view analysis, we have presented the fundamental characteristics of these publications, and identified the most influential countries/regions, institutions, and authors, as well as the evolution of the keywords these years. More discussions including popular issues in current study, challenges and avenues for future research, implications, and limitations are conducted to address the existing gaps in knowledge. This paper helps in understanding the evolution of the SN-SB research from the perspective of the bibliometric and inspires researchers to think from multiple aspects in this field.

Sorbent morphology is significant to Hg0 removal performance due to its serious impacts on the number and availability of adsorption sites and the mass transfer of the Hg0 removal process. Given this, a novel sorbent was obtained by in-situ growth of Co3O4 nanoparticles on channel walls of wood vessel which has regular mesoporous channels. The effects of synthetic conditions of hydrothermal temperature and NH4F concentration on sorbent morphology and Hg0 removal performance are investigated. Characterization results show that Co3O4 nanoparticles integrate a monolithic shell as synthesis temperature rises, while the nanoparticles grow radially with the increase of NH4F concentration. Radial growth of nanoparticles results in a higher crystallinity. The sorbent synthesized at hydrothermal temperature of 90 °C with the NH4F concentration of 0.05 M (denoted as T90C0.05) has uniform Co3O4 nanoparticle size, homogeneous dispersion and a larger specific surface area. Furthermore, T90C0.05 has a higher chemisorbed oxygen concentration and a higher Co3+/Co2+, which is of benefit to Hg0 removal process. Therefore, T90C0.05 has an excellent Hg0 removal efficiency of 97% with a high gas hourly space velocity of 180, 000 h−1 at 200 °C and the Co3O4 loading is only wt.5%. The effects of compounded flue gas components on the Hg0 removal performance were also studied. NO can weaken the inhibition effect of NH3 through the reaction between NO and NH3 forming labile [NH2NO]. In contrast, SO2 can not weaken the inhibition effect of NH3 due to the production coming from the reaction of SO2 and NH3 is stable at Hg0 removal temperature.

Molecule-aggregation organic electrodes in principle possess the “single-molecule-energy-storage” capability for metal-ion rechargeable batteries. Besides dissolution issue, the effect of possible solvent co-intercalation in liquid electrolytes also devalues the true performance of organic electrodes due to the weak Van der Waals forces among organic molecules. Herein, a small-molecule organic cathode called [N,N’-bis(2-anthraquinone)]-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide (PTCDI-DAQ, 200 mAh g-1) can deliver the unprecedented results in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) by carefully choosing high-concentration electrolytes, which can offer more free sodium ions and decrease the solvent co-intercalation effect. Consequently, PTCDI-DAQ can deliver an ultra-stable capacity above 173 mAh g-1 during a long-lifetime operation test in half cells (6 months at least). In full cells, the resulting PTCDI-DAQ II Na3Bi SIBs can deliver a peak discharge capacity of 206 mAh g-1cathode with an average voltage of 1.2 V, running with no capacity decay over 4 months. Meanwhile, our PTCDI-DAQ II Na3Bi SIBs can re-store a world record of 70% capacity retention (142 mAh g-1cathode) at 20 A g-1cathode (100 C). To the best of our knowledge, PTCDI-DAQ can currently represent the best organic cathode for SIBs in the world; and the integrated performance of our PTCDI-DAQ II Na3Bi SIBs can compete with the best SIBs reported to date.small-molecule organic cathodes; ultra-stability; long lifespan; high rate; Na-ion batteries

Entrepreneurship has enormous economic and social power, but when a crisis strikes, exploring the relationships and impacts between entrepreneurship and crisis (E&C) is a topic that still needs to be considered in a turbulent economic environment. This study aims to explore the topic of E&C by means of bibliometric analysis with the aid of visualization tools. From 1984 to 2020, 1044 documents were indexed according to the Web of Science database. Through the bibliometric analysis of the retrieved literature, the main statistical characteristics and cooperation networks in this field are revealed. Next, research topics, hot spots, and development trends are revealed through keyword analysis. Finally, policy implications and research opportunities are proposed to provide references for other scholars.

Sodium 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (Na2AQ26DS, 130 mAh g−1) with polyanionic character and two O–Na ionic bonds is used as an organic cathode for Li-ion batteries. Na2AQ26DS exhibits highly impressive cycle stability in ether electrolytes due to its polyanionic character and the effective suppression of solvent-molecule co-intercalation. In half cells (1–3.9 V vs. Li+/Li) using 1 M bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide lithium salt (LiTFSI) in 1,3-dioxolane/dimethoxyethane (DOL/DME), Na2AQ26DS delivers a highly stable specific capacity of 123 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 for 900 cycles (6-month test) and realizes ∼69 mAh g−1 for 2800 cycles at 500 mA g−1. In the full cells with the reduced state (Li4TP) of lithium terephthalate (Li2TP) as the organic anode, the resulting Li4TP II Na2AQ26DS organic lithium-ion batteries (OLIBs) can display a highly stable average discharge capacity of 120 mAh g−1cathode for 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1 and ∼63 mAh g−1cathode for 1200 cycles at 500 mA g−1 in 0.2–3.3 V.

The complex preservation conditions make underwater cultural relics, especially organic ones—more fragile than terrestrial relics. Bamboo slips, the main carriers of ancient Chinese characters, are often found underwater. They have high cultural and historical values, but their mechanical strength is low, making them difficult to extract. Moreover, if their arrangement is disrupted during the extraction process, the subsequent restoration will be harder. In this study, veratraldehyde, a new underwater temporary solid material, was used to conduct in-situ reinforcement and extraction experiments on organic cultural relics. Based on these experiments, the researchers designed a three-layer wrapped protective frame and proposed the recovery method of dissolution and effective residue detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The experimental results showed that this method can nearly preserve the original state of fragile bamboo slips underwater and extract them out of the water safely. Also, the solidification process is reversible and without residues. It is a safe and reliable underwater technology for solidifying extraction of cultural relics.

Doped BaZrO3 has outstanding stability and proton conductivity, and doped-ceria La2Ce2O7(LCO) has mixed conductivities of free-electron, oxygen-ion and proton, which are both potential electrolyte materials. Herein, one-step-co-fired BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ(BZY)-LCO composite electrolytes are prepared and characterized to give play to their respective advantages and avoid their shortcomings for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). As for different components of BZY-LCO, the sintering activity increases with the increase of LCO content, however, the corresponding open circuit voltage decreases. Interestingly, the 30 %mol BZY-70 %mol LCO (3BZY-LCO) shows the best overall performance as functions of sintering activity, total conductivity, cell performance. As for the anode supported single cells, the maximum power density of 3BZY-LCO electrolyte can reach 0.581 W cm−2 at 750 °C using humidified hydrogen (3% H2O) as fuel. Preliminary experiment results suggest that the strategy of composite electrolyte can make up for the shortcomings of doped BaZrO3 and doped-ceria to a certain extent for LT-SOFCs.

To develop anti-ischemic stroke drugs with higher blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrating capability and neuroprotective activity, a series of hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) ring-opened derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated. Among them, compound 10a displayed the highest protective activity in SH-SY5Y cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and H2O2 insults. Experiment results indicated that 10a could inhibit platelet aggregation via the synergistic action of the edaravone analogue and NBP, and its oral administration protected the rats against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury. Moreover, 10a effectively inhibited apoptosis and reduced oxidative stress in OGD-exposed cells. Further analysis suggested that 10a might alleviate oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells via the modulation of the Nrf2 pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that 10a can emerge as a potential candidate drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke.