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Ceramics joining has been widely applied in MEMS sensors, microwave and imaging devices as well as other ceramic packaging applications to fabricate multifunctional ceramic components. In this study, a glass frit with gradient thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) has been applied as the bonding material to join the ceramic of Al2O3 and AlN. This glass frit consists of two types of glasses with different TEC. The Al2O3 and AlN ceramics have been successfully joined with this glass frit in muffle furnace at 850 °C for 1 h. The bonding strength of Al2O3/AlN ceramic joined via this glass frit exceeds 40 MPa without any cracks in the joining interface, which is much superior compared with that of conventional glass frit bonding. Our work demonstrates that the gradient-TEC glass frit bonding is an effective method to join different types of ceramics.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, absence of insulin resistance risk factors (IRRFs) is considered low risk for insulin resistance (IR). However, even individuals without IRRFs still have IR. This study aimed to explore the predictors of IR among the population who are non-smokers, non-diabetic and non-obese with normal blood pressure and lipids. METHODS: The data was derived from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). Participants without regular insulin resistance risk factors (IRRF-Free, n =2 317) and a subgroup without optimal insulin resistance risk factors (IRRF-Optimal, n =1 325) were involved to explore predictors of IR, which was indexed by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). The logistic regression model and the areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were used to evaluate IRRFs and the predictive capacity, and Jordan index was performed to determine the optimal cut-off value of triglyceride (TG) to predict IR in IRRF-Free and IRRF-Optimal. FINDINGS: The prevalences of IR were 6.9% and 5.8% in IRRF-Free and IRRFOptimal respectively. TG and waist circumference (WC) were independently associated with the prevalence of IR (P