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Tumors arising from or secondarily involving the vena cava (VC) are broad-spectrum diseases, ranging from benign to malignant. The benign tumors include myxoma, leiomyomatosis and leiomyoma. The primary malignant tumors of the VC are rare, and of these rare entities, leiomyosarcoma is the most frequently encountered. The direct extension of a tumor arising from an adjacent organ such as hepatocellular carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma is more common than primary malignant tumor in the inferior VC. In this article, the authors review the spectrum of VC pathologic processes and the relevant findings from magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and computed tomography.

Photodegradation has been taken as a promising technology in solving global environmental pollution. In this paper, the flower-like hierarchical architecture of BiOI/ZnO p-n junction composites were synthesized by coating BiOI nanosheets on the flower-like hierarchical architecture of ZnO prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized BiOI/ZnO composites were characterized by various techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the BiOI/ZnO composites were examined by degrading the Methylene Blue under visible-light conditions. The results show that the formation of the p-n junction between n-type ZnO and p-type BiOI has broadened the light absorption range, modified the band gap and specific surface area, facilitated the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers of BiOI/ZnO composites. The visible-light photodegradation rate for 15 wt% BiOI/ZnO composites reached to 94% in 3 h with excellent reusability. The photodegradation obeys first-order reaction kinetic with rate constant of 15.64 × 10−3 min−1 for 15 wt% BiOI/ZnO, which is 4.4 and 24.3 times of that of ZnO and BiOI, respectively. The photodegradation mechanism was proposed based on the analyses of the energy band gap in the formation of the p-n junction.

Introduction: Cases of May–Thurner syndrome associated with pelvic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) are uncommon. All the treatments reported are embolizations. The efficacy of recanalization of the left common iliac vein (CIV) in treatment of such cases is reported. Report: The case of a 78 year old man with co-existing May–Thurner syndrome and pelvic AVF confirmed by computed tomography angiography and arteriography is reported. Treatment by recanalization of the left CIV followed by a bare stent was selected instead of embolizing the AVF; a good result was obtained. Discussion: Recanalization of the left CIV by an endovascular technique can be an effective treatment for May–Thurner syndrome associated with AVF. Keywords: May–Thurner syndrome, Cockett syndrome, Arteriovenous fistula, Venous thrombosis

An ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of chondroitin sulfate sodium (CSS), allantoin and pyridoxine hydrochloride (VB(6)) in a commercial eye drops dosage form. An Alltima C(18) column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm) was used for the separation at room temperature, with 25 mM ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (containing 0.01% heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt) and acetonitrile (95:5, v/v) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.5 mL min(-1). The detection wavelength for CSS, allantoin and VB(6) was 195 nm, 215 nm and 291 nm, respectively. The method showed good linearity for CSS, allantoin and VB(6), with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9996, in the range of 203.96-815.84 mg L(-1), 371.16-1488.64 mg L(-1), and 23.32-93.28 mg L(-1), respectively. The instrumental and method precisions were adequate with all relative standard deviations lower than 2.0%. The accuracy of this method, measured by the recovery of three compounds from spiked placebo solutions, was from 99.01% to 101.92%. The three components, CSS, allantoin and VB(6) were well separated from other ingredients and degradation products. This method is fast, simple, and can be used for direct and simultaneous determination of CSS, allantoin and VB(6) in the pharmaceutical preparation.

A series of mannose conjugated S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamines (SNAPs) has been synthesized, and their cytotoxicities were assessed for DU 145 human prostate cancer cells and Hela R cancer cells.

Synthetic procedures have been developed to attach the nitric oxide releasing diazeniumdiolate functional groups [N(O)NO] − to a carbohydrate unit. These glycosylated diazeniumdiolates exhibited significantly improved stability as compared to their parent diazeniumdiolate salts, yet they could readily release nitric oxide upon activation by glycosidases. Preliminary antitumor screen assay demonstrated that this class of compounds had antitumor activity.

An efficient synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of a novel fructose conjugated S-nitroso nitric oxide donor, fructose-1-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. This compound showed similar cytotoxicity as the first generation fructose-SNAP, fructose-2-SNAP. A 5- and 26-fold increased cytotoxicity was observed compared to glucose-2-SNAP and SNAP against DU-145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro.

Introduction Assessing the effects of new chemical entities on cardiovascular function is an essential component of nonclinical safety evaluation. Regulatory guidelines advocate the use of telemetry to evaluate drug effects on the cardiovascular system of animal including electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms. Currently, standard method is to place ECG electrodes subcutaneously and the ECG signals have a suboptimal signal mainly due to movement artifacts. In order to improve and optimize the ECG signal and minimize movement artifacts, a model for continuous monitoring of the ECG in conscious, unrestrained animals by placing ECG electrodes on the pericardium was evaluated.

A new interior solution of the field equation of general relativity with cosmological constant Λ has been obtained for a static and spherically symmetric charged body. Recent charged generalizations of a class of solutions by Florides are discussed here as special cases of our solution. Robson's junction condition is extended to discuss the smooth joint of the interior solution to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution with nonzero Λ.