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Phytochemical investigation of the 95% ethanol extract from Pinus yunnanensis Franch resin induced the isolation of six previously unreported diterpenoids pinuyunnanacids K - N, P - Q, a nor-diterpenoid with a novel skeleton pinuyunnanacid O and six known analogues. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and computational methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, calculated NMR chemical shifts method and electronic circular dichroic (ECD) spectra. All the compounds were analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity through western blotting and cell viability, compounds 2, 10 and 12 significantly downregulated the protein expression of iNOS at the concentration of 40 μM. At the same time, compounds 10 and 12 decreased the expression of COX-2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 (leukemia cells in mouse macrophage) cells at the concentration of 40 μM.

Seven undescribed compounds, including a sesquiterpenoid derivative, a γ-lactone, four gingerols, and a dihydroferulic acid lactate were isolated from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, and named gingerterpenoid G, gingerlactone A, zingibergingerols A-D and L-dihydroferulic acid lactate, respectively. Zingibergingerols (±)-B and (±)-C were two pairs of enantiomers. The structures of all compounds were determined by 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and theoretically calculated ECD curves or X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Bioassay showed that gingerterpenoid G, gingerlactone A, and zingibergingerols A and B exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the model of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

Four new diarylheptanoid glycosides (1-4), (1S,3R,5S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-tetrahydropyran-4-ol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (1S,3R,5S)-2-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]-tetrahydropyran-4-ol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (1S,3R,5S)-2-(4-hydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-tetrahydropyran-4-ol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and (1R,3R,5R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)- 6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-tetrahydropyran-4-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the 50% ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale peel. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by HR-ESI-MS and extensive spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR). Compounds 1-4 significantly increased the survival rate of human normal lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the concentration of 10 μM.

An 8-week feeding trial and transcriptome analysis were conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of muscle-hardening caused by faba bean in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Ordinary grass carp (fed with practical diet) and crisp grass carp (fed with faba bean meal) groups were designed. Lower water holding capacity and higher some texture parameters were observed in the muscle of crisp grass carp compared with another group. 19.62 GB clean reads were generated, and total 1354 genes exhibiting differentially expression were identified (FDR

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts which have been studied extensively in human and mouse over the past few years, and play an important role in muscle development and myogenesis. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed with faba bean (Vicia faba) meal is a high-value grass carp (crisp grass carp) with firmer muscles and distinct texture. To date, the regulatory mechanism of muscle firmness increase in crisp grass carp is still unclear, especially studies about the regulation of lncRNA in muscle firmness increase. In the study, based on the muscle of crisp grass carp transcriptome sequenced, a total of 82,903,440 clean reads were generated. Among them, 4240 lncRNA transcripts corresponding to 4191 lncRNA genes were identified. The identified lncRNAs shared same characteristics with the lncRNAs in other vertebrates, including shorter length of transcripts and lower expression levels of lncRNA genes. 781 differentially expressed lncRNA genes in crisp grass carp (|log2 fold change| > 2 and FDR

It is known that obesity resulted from consumption of diets high in fat and calories and associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation. Because the fat, sterol and bile acid metabolism of male Syrian golden hamster are more similar to that of human, in the present study, high fat and high cholesterol (HFHC) induced obese hamsters were used to evaluate the anti-inflammation and hypolipidemic role of coptisine. The results showed that body weight, plasma lipid levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c), ApoB and pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were significantly altered in hamsters fed with HFHC diet. A strong correlation was observed between the LPS level in serum and the level of LBP and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Coptisine from the concentrations of 60 to 700 mg/L dose-dependently inhibited Enterobacter cloacae growth, which can easily induce obesity and insulin resistance. The results of endotoxin neutralization assay suggest that coptisine is capable of reducing the LPS content under inflammation status. Real time RT-PCR analyses revealed that coptisine suppressed TLR-4 in visceral fat of hamsters and decreased CD14 expression in livers of hamsters. These encouraging findings make the development of coptisine a good candidate for preventing obesity-related diseases through the LPS/TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway.

Hydrogen storage composite alloy Ti 0.10 Zr 0.15 V 0.35 Cr 0.10 Ni 0.30 –10% LaNi 3 was prepared by two-step arc-melting to improve the electro-catalytic activity and the kinetic performance of Ti–V-based solid solution alloy. The electrochemical properties and synergetic effect of the composite alloy electrode were systematically investigated by using X-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge test. It is found that the main phase of the composite alloy is composed of V-based solid solution phase with a BCC structure and C14 Laves phase with hexagonal structure, while the secondary phase is formed in the composite alloy. The comprehensive electrochemical properties of the composite alloy electrode are significantly improved. The activation cycle number, the maximum discharge capacity and the low temperature dischargeability of the composite alloy are 5 cycles, 362.5 mA·h/g and 65.84% at 233 K, respectively. It is suggested that distinct synergetic effect occurs in the activation process, composite process, cyclic process and discharge process at a low or high temperature under different current densities, in the charge–transfer resistance and exchange current density.

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring. Methods Chromatographic separations on Diaion HP-20, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 were used. The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, as well as chemical methods. Results Eight compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as sinensioside A ( 1 ), syringaresinol-4- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 2 ), (+)-medioresinol-4- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), pinoresinol-4, 4′-di- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 4 ), quercetin ( 5 ), eucomic acid ( 6 ), shikimic acid ( 7 ), and 2, 3-dihydroamentoflavone ( 8 ). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new dihydrobenzofuran sesquilignan glycoside from Selaginella sinensis .

A new lathyrane diterpene glycoside, named 3β, 7β, 15β-trihydroxy-14-oxolathyra-5E, 12E-dienyl-16- O -β- d -glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L. Its structure was established by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.

A new phenylethanoid glycoside, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-2-O-acetyl-O-β- d -glucopyranoside, named lophanthoside A, was isolated from Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Hara. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences.

A new aryl glycoside, 3″-O-galloyl-benzyl-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β- d -glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L., and its structure was elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic data analysis.

A new forsythenside, 4-hydroxy-4-[8-[[1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-6-]oxy]ethyl]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, named forsythenside F, was isolasted from the plant of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of various spectroscopic analysis, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR techniques (HMBC and HSQC), and HR-ESI-MS.

A new lignanoside, (7 R ,8 S )-7,8-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1′-formyl-3′-methoxyl-8-hydroxymethylbenzofuran-4- O -β- d -glucopyranoside (moellenoside A), was isolated from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences.

A new sesquilignan, namely sinensiol A, was isolated from the plant of Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring. Its structure was identified on the basis of various spectroscopic data analysis.