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Background longitudinal evidence concerning frailty phenotype and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remained insufficient, and whether CVD preventive strategies exert low CVD risk on frail adults is unclear. Objectives we aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of frailty phenotype, adherence to ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and their joint associations with the risk of CVD. Methods a total of 314,093 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Frailty phenotype was assessed according to the five criteria of Fried et al.: weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait speed and low grip strength. CVH included four core health behaviours (smoking, physical activity and diet) and three health factors (weight, cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemic control). The outcome of interest was incident CVD, including coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke. Results compared with the non-frail people whose incident rate of overall CVD was 6.54 per 1,000 person-years, the absolute rate difference per 1,000 person-years was 1.67 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.33, 2.02) for pre-frail and 5.00 (95% CI: 4.03, 5.97) for frail. The ideal CVH was significantly associated with a lower risk of all CVD outcomes. For the joint association of frailty and CVH level with incident CVD, the highest risk was observed among frailty accompanied by poor CVH with an HR of 2.92 (95% CI: 2.68, 3.18). Conclusions our findings indicate that physical frailty is associated with CVD incidence. Improving CVH was significantly associated with a considerable decrease in CVD risk, and such cardiovascular benefits remain for the frailty population.

Due to the serious overheating problem of end parts in the large turbogenerator end region, accurate calculation of end-part temperature has become a key design factor. In this paper, 3-D fluid and thermal coupling model in the end region of 1250 MW turbogenerator are given. The loss values gained from 3-D transient electromagnetic field calculation are applied to the solving end region as heat sources. Pressure value of fan outlet and fluid velocities of end region inlets from flow network calculation are applied to the solving end region as boundary conditions in the 3-D fluid and thermal coupling analysis model. The fluid flow and temperature distribution of end parts in the end region of large turbogenerator with magnetic shield structure are studied under the different operation conditions. The distribution of fluid velocity in the ventilation duct of stator end core is obtained. The temperature distribution laws of stator-end copper coils, screen plate, finger plate, press plate, and magnetic shield are researched under the different operation conditions. The location of the highest temperature point in the turbogenerator end region with magnetic shield structure is determined. The accuracy of numerical calculation is validated by experimental measured values.

The mechanism underlying the effect of bioelectric field on wound healing in vivo has not been previously investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of an applied electric field (EF) on epidermal cell migration during wound healing. Using a Bama miniature pig wound model, we applied a power-up device (negative electrode in the wound centre and positive electrode around the wound) with pulsed electrical power, to apply a continuous, stable, and tolerable EF to the wound and provide directional signals for keratinocyte migration towards the wound centre. An EF of 100 mV/mm applied in the same direction as the bioelectric field accelerated wound healing. The keratinocytes exhibited regular and similar shapes, uniform arrangement, and an organised migration pattern. In contrast, 100 mV/mm applied countercurrent to the bioelectric field, delayed wound healing and hindered the keratinocyte migration towards the wound centre. Further, the cells were disorganised, misshapen, irregular, and disoriented. Via the application of a directional stable EF, this study morphologically identified the relationships among wound EF, keratinocyte migration, and wound healing and established theoretical and empirical foundations for the clinical application of bioelectric fields.

During keratinocyte stratification and wound healing, keratinocytes undergo a switch between differentiation and motility. However, limited knowledge exists on the mechanisms of the switch. We have previously demonstrated that the expression of CD9 was changed in different wound stages and involved in the regulation of keratinocyte migration. In this study, we showed that CD9 expression was increased in both human and mouse keratinocytes undergoing differentiation. CD9 overexpression in keratinocytes stimulated terminal differentiation and reduced cell motility. CD9 silencing inhibited calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and increased cell motility. Furthermore, CD9 overexpression recruited E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and subsequently activated PI3K/Akt signaling, while CD9 knockdown inhibited the recruitment of E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and PI3K/Akt activation. Importantly, silencing E-cadherin expression or inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling reversed CD9 overexpression-induced differentiation and -reduced motility. These results demonstrate that CD9 acts as an important node that regulates keratinocyte differentiation and motility. The recruitment of E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediated by CD9 play an important role in these processes.