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Background Delayed cesarean section (CS) healing causes stress, recurrent infections, and mental distress to the mother after parturition. In this study, an attempt was made to increase the speed of wound healing with alginate-aloe vera/ZnO NPs film plus mupirocin. Methods 800 pregnant women in two groups of control (normal cream + mupirocin) and film-treated (alginate-aloe vera/ZnO NPs film + mupirocin) underwent CS in the second affiliated hospital of Xi'an Medical School. After 12 and 24 days, the wound healing process was assessed using the REEDA wound scale. ZnO NPs and films were prepared through chemically and solvent-casted ways, respectively. The physicochemical properties of NPs and films were also investigated by SEM, FTIR and in vitro degradation. Results The outputs showed that the NPs were successfully loaded onto the prepared film and the film was easily digested in SBF solution. The results also showed no difference in demographic characteristics such as age, BMI, education and economic levels between the two groups. But the film-treated group had lower values of redness, ecchymosis, edema and CS approximation compared to the control. Finally, the recovery process of patients with alginate-aloe vera/ZnO NPs film plus mupirocin was faster than that of the control and almost none of the patients experienced an allergic reaction. Conclusion Overall, the use of alginate-aloe vera/ZnO NPs film plus mupirocin can be considered as a new treatment to reduce the complication of CS approximation by accelerating the healing process.

Foam is widely used in the petroleum industry thanks to its unique properties and performance. Its application to water control in oil wells has received more and more attention. The stability of nitrogen foam was investigated in pressurized equipment and sand pack. The result indicated that with increasing pressure (0–2 MPa) the stability of foam in the pressurized equipment increased linearly. Increased nitrogen injection pressure caused better dispersion of nitrogen-foaming solution in porous media. The initial residual resistance factor to gas was an exponential function of injection pressure, but the residual resistance factor (to gas and liquid) decreased exponentially with time. The half-life of foam in porous media (expressed in residual resistance factor) was much longer than that in bulk phase (expressed in foam height). Pore model analysis indicated that good dispersion in porous media and the presence of thick liquid film during dispersion were the main reasons for high stability. Field test indicated that effective residence of foam in the formation not only resulted in much better heat insulation, but also improved steam stimulation by enhancing steam heating.

Carbon dioxide reacts with porous media while flowing through them enhancing their permeability. Its flow behavior as well as the permeability enhancement effects were studied in synthetic cores, natural cores and microtubes with an inner diameter of 5 μm. The results show that the permeability of H2O-saturated cores (containing carbonate ingredients) was enhanced by increasing the injection volume of a CO2-H2O solution. This enhancement is attributable to carbon dioxide’s corrosion, which is justified by SEM scanning. The same phenomenon occurs with a CO2-H2O solution in microtubes, but for a different reason. The gas flow velocity of carbon dioxide in microtubes was approximately 100% faster than that of nitrogen because of the scale and the squeezing effects. Carbon dioxide molecules dissolved in water accelerate the diffusion rate of water molecules within the boundary layer, which in turn diminishes the thickness of the water film and enlarges the effective pore size. This flow behavior facilitates the injection of carbon dioxide into low-permeability reservoirs for oil-displacement and formation energy buildup purposes. This behavior also increases the potential for carbon dioxide channeling or release from the formation.