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Background Due to the particularity of patients with bone tumors, the risk of periprosthetic infection following megaprosthetic replacement is much higher than that of traditional total knee arthroplasty. Unfortunately, few studies specifically reported the risk factors for periprosthetic infection following megaprosthetic replacement. The purposes of the study were to (1) establish a nomogram model, which can provide a reference for clinicians, and patients to reduce the occurrence of periprosthetic infection (2) explore the risk factors for deep infection of megaprosthesis. Hypothesis A prediction model can be established and has favorable predictive accuracy. Patients and Methods One hundred and seventy-seven megaprostheses were identified. There were 61 female patients and 116 male patients with a mean age of 35 years. The following risk factors were analyzed: tumor site, sex, age, material for prosthetic stem, tumor type, smoking, diabetes, length of bone resection, operation time, chemotherapy, BMI, malignant tumor staging and hematoma formation. Finally, based on the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors were used to develop a nomogram model. Results Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the chemotherapy, longer operation time and hematoma formation were risk factors for periprosthetic infection. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the chemotherapy, longer operation time and hematoma formation were significant risk factors for periprosthetic infection. The nomogram model was established using these significant risk factors, with a C-index of 0.766 and an acceptable consistency according to the internal validation, indicating that the prediction model had favorable predictive accuracy. Discussion This study has important implications for the future investigations of prevention of periprosthetic infection. The nomogram model identifies high-risk patients for whom attached prophylaxis measures are required. Future studies regarding reduction of incidence of periprosthetic infection should pay close attention to these high-risk patients. Level of evidence IV, retrospective, cohort study.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1 receptor) is expressed in many cancer cell types as compared to normal counterparts underscoring its potential role in tumor behavior. The aim of present study was to test the role of mGlu1 receptor in experimental non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, protein expression of mGlu1 receptor was higher in human NSCLC cell lines, including both adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma subtypes, when compared to normal bronchial epithelial cells. Inhibition of mGlu1 receptor by BAY36-7620 (an mGlu1 receptor-specific inhibitor) inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice with tumors of A549 or H1299. Treatment with BAY36-7620 suppressed AKT phosphorylation in A549 tumors and pre-treatment with BAY36-7620 blocked the L-quisqualate (a potent mGlu1 receptor agonist)-induced AKT phosphorylation in A549 cells. Treatment with BAY36-7620 reduced cellular proliferation of A549 cells. Treatment with BAY36-7620 enhanced cleaved PARP levels and reduced protein expression of bcl-2, HIF-1α, and VEGF. In contrast, treatment with L-quisqualate reduced cleaved PARP levels and enhanced protein expression of bcl-2, HIF-1α, VEGF, and IL-8, which was reversed by co-incubation with MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor). Pre-treatment with BAY36-7620 blocked the VEGF-induced AKT phosphorylation in HUVECs. Treatment of HUVECs with L-quisqualate resulted in enhancement of capillary tube formation, which was reversed by co-incubation with MK2206. Furthermore, mGlu1 receptor knockdown suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice with tumors of A549 or H1299. Collectively, inhibition of mGlu1 receptor suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis in experimental NSCLC.

Fish oil can not only provide energy for the growth and development of fish, but also constitute a variety of tissue and cellular structural components of fish. However, fish oil is easily oxidized in the process of feed processing, treatment and storage, which reduces the feed quality and threatens the health of fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of oxidation of fish oil in feed on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas of Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski. Five diets containing five oxidation levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 meq/kg) of fish oil were formulated and fed to 525 healthy R. lagowski (4.48 ± 0.14 g) that were randomly divided into 15 glass aquariums. After 8 weeks, hepatopancreas samples were taken for fatty acid composition, and biochemical analysis. The results showed that the content of Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in muscle of R. lagowski increased significantly with the increase of oxidation degree of fish oil (P < 0.05), but there were no changes in Saturated fatty acid (SFA), Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), EPA (C20:5n3), and ∑n-6 (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of SFA, MUFA and EPA in hepatopancreas were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while DHA (C22:6n3), ∑n-3, ∑n-6, and PUFA were decreased (P < 0.05). Feeding with OFO increased hepatopancreas total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), HDL/LDL ratio, FAS, and ACCα that involved in lipid synthesis enzymes (P < 0.05), while reduced liver esterase (HL), fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) and hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase α (HSLα) enzyme activity and gene expression that associated with lipid decomposition (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the adverse effects of dietary oxidized oil may be achieved by promoting fatty acid synthesis, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, increasing fatty acid uptake by hepatopancreas and reducing the ability of TG to transport from hepatopancreas to extrahepatic tissues, thus inducing fat accumulation in hepatopancreatic cells and further affecting lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas.

Background Due to the particularity of patients with bone tumors, the risk of periprosthetic infection following megaprosthetic replacement is much higher than that of traditional total knee arthroplasty. Unfortunately, few studies specifically reported the risk factors for periprosthetic infection following megaprosthetic replacement. The purposes of the study were to (1) establish a nomogram model which can provide a reference for clinicians and patients to reduce the occurrence of periprosthetic infection; (2) explore the risk factors for deep infection of megaprosthesis. Hypothesis A prediction model can be established and has favorable predictive accuracy. Patients and methods One hundred and seventy-seven megaprostheses were identified. There were 61 female patients and 116 male patients with a mean age of 35 years. The following risk factors were analyzed: tumor site, sex, age, material for prosthetic stem, tumor type, smoking, diabetes, length of bone resection, operation time, chemotherapy, BMI, malignant tumor staging and hematoma formation. Finally, based on the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors were used to develop a nomogram model. Results Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the chemotherapy, longer operation time and hematoma formation were risk factors for periprosthetic infection. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the chemotherapy, longer operation time and hematoma formation were significant risk factors for periprosthetic infection. The nomogram model was established using these significant risk factors, with a C-index of 0.766 and an acceptable consistency according to the internal validation, indicating that the prediction model had favorable predictive accuracy. Discussion This study has important implications for the future investigations of prevention of periprosthetic infection. The nomogram model identifies high-risk patients for whom attached prophylaxis measures are required. Future studies regarding reduction of incidence of periprosthetic infection should pay close attention to these high-risk patients. Level of evidence IV, retrospective, cohort study.

Unreacted ammonia in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Selective Non-catalytic Reduction (SNCR) technology may be adsorbed by fly ash and lead to ash blocking in the air preheater or hindering the secondary utilization of ash. Ammonia adsorption by fly ash may have a close relationship to the concentration of ammonia in flue gas. Regarding Ximeng lignite and Yangquan anthracite as the subjects investigated, NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD) was utilized to study the relationship between ammonia chemical adsorption and mineral composition of the ash, the atmosphere of ash production, cooling rate of ash as well as the amount of residual carbon in the ash. The results show that rapid cooling and reduction atmosphere could increase the amount of amorphous phase in the ash and facilitate ammonia adsorption. On the other hand, ash with residual carbon could adsorb more ammonia than mineral ash as a result of acidic functional group on the surface of residual carbon.

Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing fresh fish oil and four degrees of oxidized fish oil (POV:100; 200; 300; 400) were formulated to investigate the effects of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance, the antioxidation function of Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski. After an 8-week feeding trial, fish fed oxidized oil diets obtained significantly lower weight gain and specific growth rate due to their lower feed efficiency and protein efficiency. With the increasing of fish oil oxidation level, MDA level of the liver significantly increased, the antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) activities and GSH content of the liver were significantly decreased, and CAT, CuZn-SOD and GSH-PX mRNA levels of the liver showed the same change trend. Further analysis showed that, Keap1 mRNA level of the liver was increased, and the Nrf2, Maf, HO-1 mRNA levels of the liver were significantly decreased. However, some parameters showed a reverse trend after the 4-week feeding. In conclusion, by checking indicators of growth performance, the main antioxidant parameters, the related genes mRNA levels, the present study showed that dietary oxidized fish oil can induce oxidative damage in R. lagowski Dybowski.