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Atrazine (ATR) is a commonly used triazine herbicide, which will remain in the water source, soil and biological muscle tissue for a long time, threatening the survival of related organisms and future generations. Tannic acid (TAN), a glucosyl compound found in gallnuts, has previously been shown to antagonize heavy metal toxicity, antioxidant activity, and inflammation. However, it is unclear whether TAN can antagonize ATR-induced Grass carp hepatocytes (L8824 cells) cytotoxicity. Therefore, we treated L8824 cells with 3 μg mL

Data reproducibility and single-center bias are concerns in preclinical research and compromise translation from animal to human. Multicenter preclinical randomized controlled trials (pRCT) may reduce the gap between experimental studies and RCT and improve the predictability of results, for example Jak1/2 inhibition in lupus nephritis. To evaluate this, we conducted the first pRCT in the kidney domain at two Spanish and two German academic sites. Eligible MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice (female, age13-14 weeks, stress scores of less than two and no visible tumor or signs of infection) were equally randomized to either oral treatment with the Jak1/2 inhibitor baricitinib or vehicle for four weeks. Central blinded histology analysis was performed at an independent fifth site. The primary endpoint was the urinary protein/creatinine ratio. Baricitinib treatment did not significantly affect proteinuria, histological markers of activity and chronicity, or the glomerular filtration rate but significantly improved plasma autoantibody levels and lymphadenopathy. Data heterogeneity was noted across the different centers referring in part to phenotype differences between MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice bred at different sites, mimicking well patient phenotype diversity in lupus trials. Multicenter pRCT can overcome single-center bias at the cost of increasing variability and reducing effect size. Thus, our pRCT predicts a low effect size of baricitinib treatment on human lupus nephritis in heterogeneous study populations.

Selenoprotein K (SELENOK) is a major part of selenoprotein family. Selenoproteins have been proven playing vital roles in a variety of physiological processes. However, as a necessary supplement to the body of trace elements, how SELENOK regulates necroptosis in chicken liver has none clear claim. The purpose of this study was to cover the mechanism of SELENOK act in necroptosis of chicken liver. By feeding Se-deficiency diet for 1-day-old hyline chickens, we successfully built SELENOK-deficiency and discussed the regulation SELENOK have done. The test of liver function showed there has dysfunction appeared in the -Se groups. Results of TEM showed necroptosis occurred in the 35-Se group. After that western blot and qRT-PCR results prompted us SELENOK-deficiency caused large accumulation of ROS, enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, abnormally elevated HSPs family expression, and activated RIPK1-RIPK3 complex. In order to show the regulation of SELENOK in chicken liver, we artificially knocked off SELENOK gene in LMH cells. Through AO/EB staining we also found necroptosis in the siRNA-Se group. Furthermore, the results in LMH cells were coincided with those in chicken (Gallus gallus) liver. Our experiment clarified the molecular mechanism of SELENOK in the regulation and liver necroptosis, and provided reference for the healthy feeding mode of broilers.

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is often used as a plasticizer for plastic products, and its excessive use can cause irreversible damage to aquatic animals and humans. Evodiamine (EVO) is an alkaloid component in the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, which has antioxidant and detoxification functions. To investigate the toxic mechanism of DEHP on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hepatocyte cell line (L8824) and the therapeutic effect of evodiamine, an experimental model of L8824 cells exposed to 800 μM DEHP and/or 10 μM EVO for 24 h was established. Flow cytometry, AO/EB fluorescence staining, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blot were used to detect the degree of cell injury, oxidative stress level, MAPK signaling pathway relative genes, and the expression of apoptosis-related molecules. The results showed that DEHP exposure could significantly increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px), and cause the accumulation of MDA. DEHP also activated MAPK signaling pathway-related molecules (JNK, ERK, P38 MAPK), and then up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic factors Bcl-2-Associated X (Bax) and caspase 3, while inhibiting the anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). In addition, EVO can also promote the dissociation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus, reduce the level of ROS and the occurrence of oxidative stress in grass carp hepatocytes, down-regulate the MAPK pathway, alleviate DEHP-induced apoptosis, and restore the expression of antioxidant genes. These results indicated that evodiamine could block Nrf2/MAPK pathway to inhibit DEHP-induced apoptosis of grass carp hepatocytes.

The effect of air packaging (AP), vacuum packaging (VP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP, 75% CO2/25% N2) on the composition of the microbial community of lightly salted grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets stored at 4 °C was studied. Physicochemical characteristics (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value, pH value and biogenic amines (BA)) were also monitored. Based on sensory evaluation, the shelf life of fillets under AP, VP, and MAP was 8, 16 and 24 days, respectively. High-throughput sequencing showed that Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas dominated the microflora of fresh grass carp. At the sensory rejection time, Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter dominated the AP products. Lactococcus became the predominant genus of both VP and MAP fillets, and there was no obvious difference in the composition of the dominant microbiota between these two treatments at the end of the shelf life.

This paper is concerned with a priori estimate of an equation of the Chern–Simons–Higgs type. We study the uniform bound of classical solutions u of the semilinear equation and integrable solutions u of the fractional order equation. We prove | u | ≤ 1 in R n , which comes into play in studying the quantization effects of those equations.

In this study, glazing with water and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract were applied on frozen mud shrimp (Solenocera melantho) and stored at −20 °C for 24 weeks. Quality loss and protein and lipid changes of shrimp were evaluated by total volatile basis nitrogen (TVB-N), drip loss, moisture distribution, sulfhydryl content (SH), disulfide bond, intrinsic fluorescence intensity, lipid content, free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), fluorescent compounds and sensory characteristics. Results showed that unglazed mud shrimp exhibited significant quality decline after 16 weeks of frozen storage. Glazing treatment significantly reduced quality loss, protein degradation, and lipid oxidative damage of shrimp during the 24 weeks of frozen storage, compared to the unglazed control sample. Glazing with rosemary extract was more effective in controlling quality changes in frozen mud shrimp with lower TVB-N, drip loss, PV, FFA and higher lipid content and sensory scores.

This study aimed to investigate melanosis, quality attributes, and bacterial growth of freeze-chilled Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during 6 days of chilled storage, as well as the preservative effects of tea polyphenol on shrimp. The results showed that freeze-chilled storage retarded the growth of bacteria and the accumulation of putrescine in shrimp. The growth of spoilage bacteria Photobacterium and Shewanella were inhibited. However, freeze-chilled storage aggravated melanosis and lipid oxidation. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) slightly accumulated in the thawed shrimp. The incorporation of tea polyphenol preserved freeze-chilled shrimp. Melanosis and lipid oxidation of shrimp were alleviated. The accumulation of biogenic amines, TVB-N, hypoxanthine riboside, and hypoxanthine were retarded. Meanwhile, the growth of spoilage bacteria Pseudoalteromonas, Photobacterium, Psychrobacter, and Carnobacterium were inhibited. Based on sensory analysis, the shelf-life of chilled, freeze-chilled, and freeze-chilled tea polyphenol shrimp were 4 days, 3 days, and 6 days, respectively.

Data-driven methods have gained increasing popularity due to their high-convenience and high-accuracy in practice. Considering the wide discrepancies in data availability across different buildings, transfer learning can be applied to improve the feasibility and robustness of data-driven solutions for individual buildings. In principle, the performance of transfer learning can be enhanced from two perspectives, i.e., the algorithm-centric and data-centric perspectives. The algorithm-centric perspective highlights the adoption of advanced learning algorithm, while the data-centric perspective emphasizes the preparation of proper data for cross-building sharing. At present, there is a lack of studies to systematically compare the performance of the above-mentioned strategies for building energy predictions in a broad range of building types. This study, therefore, investigates the actual performance of transfer learning in data-scarce context, i.e., target buildings have insufficient/extremely limited operational data for model calibrations and domain adaptations. Various transfer learning methods, using different learning algorithms and source data utilization schemes, have been developed and applied for performance comparisons. Comprehensive data experiments have been designed using 600 actual buildings to draw statistically significant conclusions. The results are helpful for quantifying the behavioral patterns of transfer learning, and providing practical guidelines to develop cost-effective data-driven solutions for building energy predictions.

By introducing phenylethylammonium cation (PEA+) as steric hindrance, the two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n ≤ 5) exhibits much stronger phase stability than 3D CsPbI3. However, uncontrollable crystallization process leads to poor coverage and unfavorable phase management in the final (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 film, resulting in low power conversion efficiency (PCE

This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of tea polyphenols (TP) on changes in microbiota composition and quality attributes in silver carp fillets stored at 4 °C. During storage, TP treatment was found to be effective in enhancing sensory quality, inhibiting microbial growth, and attenuating chemical quality deterioration. Meanwhile, the composition of microbiota of silver carp fillets was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Initially, compared to the control, TP obviously decreased the relative abundance of Aeromonas, which allowed Acinetobacter and Methylobacterium to become the dominant microbiota in TP treated fillets on day 0. The controls, 0.5% TP-treated fillets, and 1% TP-treated fillets were rejected by sensory panelists on days 8, 12, and 12, respectively. At the time of sensory rejection, Aeromonas, followed by Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, became the main spoilers in the control on day 8. However, TP treatment inhibited the growth of Aeromonas and Acinetobacter significantly. Consequently, Aeromonas followed by Pseudomonas and Shewanella became the predominant microbiota in all TP-treated fillets on day 12. Therefore, TP improved the quality of fillets during chilled storage, which was mainly due to their modulating effects on microbiota that resulted in the change in pattern and process of spoilage in fillets.

An iTRAQ-based strategy was applied to investigate proteome changes in mud shrimp during long-term frozen storage under different conditions. A total of 226 proteins was identified as differential abundance proteins (DAPs) in mud shrimp from two frozen treatment groups (−20 °C and −40 °C) compared with the fresh control group. The proteome changes in mud shrimp muscle stored under −20 °C was much greater than that under −40 °C. Correlation analysis between DAPs and quality traits of mud shrimp muscle showed that 12 proteins were correlated closely with color (L∗, a∗, and b∗ value) and texture (hardness, elasticity, and chewiness). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of these proteins were involved in protein structure, metabolic enzymes, and protein turnover. Among them, several proteins might be potential protein markers for color, and some proteins are good candidate predictors for textural properties of mud shrimp muscle.

A rapid, simple and non-destructive analysis methodology for discriminating the authenticity of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (FCB) was established based on terahertz spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. 150 authentic FCB and 100 counterfeit FCB samples (Non-FCB) were analyzed. Then, different modeling algorithms including orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA), support vector machine (SVM), back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and random forest (RF) were applied and were compared to obtain the best classification and model. Meanwhile, variable importance analysis (VIP) and 5 kinds of data pre-treatment technologies were investigated for improving the discriminant ability of the model. The results showed FCB and Non-FCB samples could be successfully discriminated by combining chemometric tools, and the OPLS-DA had the best identification effect than others. Meanwhile, it could be found that the VIP analysis could significantly increase the discriminant ability of the model and the discrimination accuracy of models based on UV-scaling was significantly better than others, which proved VIP was a powerful way to select useful variables and proper data pre-treatment technologies were very important for improving the discriminant effect. In addition, according to the best OPLS-DA model (vip-uv-OPLS-DA), the test samples could be successfully predicted with 100% accuracy, and the validation parameters R2X, R2Y and Q2 were 0.97, 1.0 and 1.0, respectively, which proved the model had powerful discriminant and predictive ability. In conclusion, terahertz spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis is an effective method for the authenticity of FCB.

A low-cost and recyclable multifunctional adsorbent for pesticides was successfully prepared based on herb waste (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix slag), nano-zero-valent iron and graphene oxide (AS/NZVI/GO) via facile one-step pyrolysis approach, and applied to remove pesticides from sewage. The AS/NZVI/GO possesses some excellent merits which are beneficial to achieve high adsorption efficiency, including abundant pore structures, lots of surface functional groups and high specific surface area. The maximum adsorption capacity of AS/NZVI/GO for methomyl, isoprocarb and carbaryl up to 59.13, 21.33 and 61.91 mg·g−1, respectively, proved the good adsorption efficiency of AS/NZVI/GO for pesticides. The adsorption mechanism was mainly associated with pore filling, π-π electron-donor–acceptor interaction, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model showed a better correlation for the experiment data, indicating that the overall rate of the adsorption process was controlled mainly by physical and chemical adsorption. Furthermore, the reusability experiment exhibited that the removal efficiency of AS/NZVI/GO for three pesticides was more than 70% after five recycles. To sum up, it could conclude that the novel AS/NZVI/GO can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of pesticides.

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been reported to improve bone healing in osteoporosis patients. However, the precise mechanism has remained largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PEMF on nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent osteoclastic differentiation and the Ca2+-calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Treating RAW264.7 cells with RANKL for 4 days induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro, and the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts, bone resorption-pit formation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the protein levels of cathepsin K, TRAP, Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were significantly decreased. The mRNA levels of specific genes related to osteoclastogenesis (TRAP, NFATc1, CTSK and MMP-9) were also reduced. Moreover, the oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ in RANKL-dependent RAW264.7 cells were suppressed by PEMF, as well as by inhibitors of membrane and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Meanwhile, calcineurin activity was increased, although its protein level was not changed. PEMF increased phospho-NFATc1 in the cytosol while suppressing the nuclear translocation of NFATc1, thus inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation by suppressing the Ca2+-calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway. Although many questions remain unresolved, to our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that PEMF is beneficial against RANKL-dependent osteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells in vitro via inhibiting the Ca2+-calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway.

There is an urgent need for developing advanced purification techniques with the merits of low cost and satisfactory capacity in order to meet the challenges in the current downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Herein, a simple and inexpensive nitrogen heterocycle molecule, 1-vinylimidazole (VIM), was proposed as the capture ligand of antibodies for the first time. The corresponding VIM-based non-affinity polymeric material (polyVIM) was then fabricated via a one-step polymerization for use in the highly selective purification of antibodies. Compared to the previously reported materials, this novel material exhibited many advantages without clearly sacrificing selectivity, such as a simpler and faster fabrication (within 1.5 h), comparable or even higher binding capacity (saturated static adsorption capacity > 190 mg/g polymer, dynamic binding capacity about 31.62 mg/g polymer), lower non-specific protein adsorption, and much lower cost. Notably, the polyVIM can effectively purify the antibodies from multiple biological sources with high purity (95.4% for mAbs in the cell culture medium, 93.3% for hIgG in the human serum), with an acceptable recovery (91.6% for mAbs, 77.0% for hIgG), and good reusability (> 10 times). Moreover, the target ELISA binding assay and NFAT-luc reporter gene assay demonstrated that the enriched antibodies can well maintain their binding activity and bioactivity during the whole purification process. The excellent performance of the polyVIM material may be attributed to the high recognition ability of VIM for antibodies, as well as the biocompatible and antifouling properties of the porous polymer. This study provides a promising alternative material for the purification of mAbs in downstream processes and the enrichment of hIgG in human serum.

This paper is concerned with the critical conditions of nonlinear elliptic equations and the corresponding integral equations involving Riesz potentials and Bessel potentials. We show that the equations and some energy functionals are invariant under the scaling transformation if and only if the critical conditions hold. In addition, the Pohozaev identity shows that those critical conditions are the necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of the finite energy positive solutions. Finally, we discuss respectively the existence of the negative solutions of the k -Hessian equations in the subcritical case, critical case and supercritical case. Here the Serrin type critical exponent and the Sobolev type critical exponent play key roles.

In this paper, we study the fractional-order nonlocal static Schrodinger equation ( − Δ ) α 2 u = p u p − 1 ( | x | α − n ∗ u p ) , u > 0 in R n , with n ≥ 3 , α ∈ ( 1 , n ) and p > 1 . It can be viewed as an integral system involving the Riesz potentials { u ( x ) = p ∫ R n u p − 1 ( y ) v ( y ) d y | x − y | n − α , u > 0 in R n , v ( x ) = p ∫ R n u p ( y ) d y | x − y | n − α v > 0 in R n . First, the fact p is larger than the Serrin exponent n n − α is a necessary condition for the existence of the positive solution. Based on this result, we investigate the classification of the positive solutions. If the system has solutions in L n ( p − 1 ) α ( R n ) , then p must be the critical exponent n + α n − α , and hence all the positive solutions can be classified as u ( x ) = v ( x ) = c ( t t 2 + | x − x ∗ | 2 ) n − α 2 , where c , t are positive constants, and x ∗ ∈ R n .

In this paper, we are concerned with the Lane–Emden type 2m-order PDE with weight (−Δ)mu(x)=|x|σup(x),u>0 in Rn, where n⩾3, p>1, m∈[1,n/2), σ∈(−2m,0], and the more general Hardy–Sobolev type integral equation u(x)=∫Rn|y|σup(y)dy|x−y|n−α, where α∈(0,n), σ∈(−α,0]. If 0 n+σn−α, we obtain that the integrable solution u of the integral equation (i.e. u∈Ln(p−1)α+σ(Rn)) is bounded and decays fast with rate n−α. On the other hand, if the bounded solution is not integrable and decays with some rate, then the rate must be the slow one α+σp−1. In addition, the classical solution u of the 2m-order PDE satisfies the integral equation with α=2m. Therefore, for the 2m-order PDE, all the decay properties above are still true.

In this paper, we study the asymptotic estimates of the positive integrable solutions of an integral system involving the Wolff potentials in R n { u ( x ) = R 1 ( x ) W β , γ ( v q ) ( x ) , v ( x ) = R 2 ( x ) W β , γ ( u p ) ( x ) . Here 1 γ ⩽ 2 , β > 0 and β γ n . In addition, p , q > 1 satisfy the critical condition γ − 1 p + γ − 1 + γ − 1 q + γ − 1 = n − β γ n , and R 1 ( x ) , R 2 ( x ) are double bounded in R n . For the radial solutions, the decay rates were established recently when | x | → ∞ . When the solutions have no radial structure, the asymptotic behavior is more complicated. We use an iteration technique to estimate the decay rates of the integrable solutions u and v as | x | → ∞ . Furthermore, as the corollaries of this result, we also obtain the asymptotic estimates of other Lane–Emden type PDE systems and integral systems, including the γ-Laplace system, the higher-order PDE system, and the integral system involving the Riesz potentials.

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of a p-Ginzburg–Landau functional with radial structure as parameter goes to zero in the case of p ≠ 2 . By analyzing the functional globally, we show that the singularity of p-Ginzburg–Landau energy concentrates on the origin. By the fact the singularity can be balanced by some infinitesimal weight, we prove that an energy with a proper weight is globally bounded.

This paper is concerned with the convergence of a p -Ginzburg–Landau type functional when the parameter goes to zero. By estimating the singularity of the energy and establishing the Pohozaev identity, we find the singularity of the energy concentrates on the domain near the singularities of a p -harmonic map.

We prove that the p ( x ) -Ginzburg–Landau type minimizers converge to the p ( x ) -harmonic maps. The location of zeros of the minimizers is presented in the case of p ( x ) ∈ ( 1 , 2 ) . When p ( x ) > 2 , there exists no zero of the minimizers in the domain. In addition, the convergence rate of the modulus of the minimizers to 1 is estimated.

The author studies the asymptotic behavior of the radial minimizer of the p -Ginzburg–Landau functional with non-vanishing Dirichlet boundary condition in the case of p ∈ ( n − 1 , n ) , where n is the dimension. The location of the zeros of the radial minimizer is discussed. Moreover the C 1 , α convergence of the radial minimizer is proved.

The author proves the uniqueness of the solution to an evolution Landau–Lifshitz type problem, when the parameter tends to zero. In addition, the unique solution is just a heat flow of a harmonic map. This uniqueness result is derived by establishing a uniform estimate for the solution.

The author studies the weak convergence for the gradient of the minimizers for a second order energy functional when the parameter tends to 0. And this paper is also concerned with the location of the zeros and the blow-up points of the gradient of the minimizers of this functional. Finally, the strong convergence of the gradient of the radial minimizers is obtained.

The paper is concerned with the L loc p and the C α estimations of the gradient of u e , where u e is the minimizer of a p -energy functional. When e → 0 , the corresponding convergences of the minimizer in W 1 , p and C 1 , α senses are proved.

The author applies Pohozaev identity to research the quantization for a Ginzburg–Landau type functional related to superconductivity with normal impurity inclusion. Under the different assumptions, the author obtains the quantization results by dealing with the defect on the junction.

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of the regularized minimizer u e = ( u e 1 , u e 2 , … , u e n + 1 ) of an energy functional E e ( u , G ) = 1 n ∫ G | ∇ u | n d x + 1 2 e n ∫ G u n + 1 2 d x when e → 0 , where G ⊂ R n is a bounded domain. The author proves W 1 , n convergence of minimizers to the map u n = ( u n ′ , 0 ) , where u n ′ is an n-harmonic map. In addition, the author also gives the relation between the zeros of u e 1 2 + u e 2 2 + ⋯ + u e n 2 and the singularities of u n ′ qualitatively.

The convergence for the radial minimizers of a second-order energy functional, when the parameter tends to 0 is studied. And the location of the zeros of the radial minimizers of this functional is presented. Based on this result, the uniqueness of the radial minimizer is discussed.

The author studies the asymptotic behavior of the radial minimizer of the p-Ginzburg-Landau functional with nonvanishing Dirichlet boundary condition in the case p > 2 . The location of the zeros of the radial minimizer is discussed. Moreover, the W loc 1 , p convergence of the radial minimizer is proved.

The author studies the asymptotic behavior of minimizers of a Ginzburg–Landau type functional, which is a problem being put forward by Bethuel, Brezis and Helein. The C 1 , α convergence of the regularizable minimizers is presented when the dimension n is not less than 3.

The author studies the minimization of an energy functional which is introduced in the study of ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. It is proved that the map u0=(u01,u02,0) is a minimizer by setting up the uniform gradient estimate where (u01,u02) is a p-harmonic map.

A simplified method is proposed based on a cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model of a metal for elasto-plastic analysis of mechanical structures under cyclic loading. The results from this method show a satisfactory consistency with those from detailed analyses by the elasto-plastic finite element method.