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In this paper, we study the numerical method for two dimensional fractional integro-differential equations, where the order of time fractional derivative α ∈ ( 1 , 2 ) and integral order γ ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) . To overcome the difficulty caused by the two fractional terms, we transform the original equation using the method of integration by parts. A novel high order compact alternating direction implicit (ADI) difference scheme is then proposed to solve the equivalent model. By some skills and detailed analysis, the unconditional stability and convergence in H 1 norm are proved, with the accuracy order O ( τ 2 + h 1 4 + h 2 4 ) , where τ , h 1 and h 2 are temporal and spatial step sizes, respectively. Finally, numerical results are presented to support the theoretical analysis.

Antioxidant response transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2/Nfe2l2) is a neuroprotective agent in learning and memory impairment. This study provides a new perspective to explore the regulatory mechanisms of Nrf2. Here, we found that Nrf2 regulated circular RNA circ-Vps41 to increase hippocampal synaptic plasticity; Nrf2 bound the Vps41 promoter to activate transcription of the Vps41 gene and promote expression of circ-Vps41; circ-Vps41 positively correlated with Nrf2, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory but negatively correlated with reactive oxygen species; and Nrf2 promoted CaMKIV expression by increasing levels of circ-Vps41, which can absorb miR-26a-5p that targets CaMKIV. Our findings revealed a new circRNA-based regulatory network regulated by Nrf2 and provided novel insights into the potential mechanism involved in the improvement of learning and memory impairment.

Background: Our previous study identified a 32-gene risk index model as a robust prognostic tool for disease recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after surgery. Among the 32 genes, the Fifth Ewing Variant (FEV) Gene was one of the top downregulated genes in the relapsed PCa. However, very little is known about FEV gene and its involvement in PCa. Methods: FEV mRNA expression was analyzed and correlated to clinical outcomes in PCa patients who underwent prostatectomy in Massachusetts General Hospital. FEV expression level was also detected in PCa cell lines and an immortalized prostate epithelial cell line BPH-1 by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we established stable cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3) transfected with either empty vector or the full-length FEV gene and conducted cell function assays in vitro. The role of FEV in tumor xenografts growth was also determined in vivo Finding: Of 191 patients who enrolled in this study, 77 (40.3%) and 24 (13.6%) developed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse and metastasis respective after radical prostatectomy. FEV was significantly downregulated in PCa patients with PSA failure and metastasis. FEV expression was significantly reduced in all PCa cell lines compared to BPH-1 (all P

CD147/extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) expressed by tumor cells stimulates peri-tumorous fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thus contributing to tumor invasion and metastasis. To assess its suitability as a potential therapeutic target, as well as its association with the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis of patients, the expression of CD147/EMMPRIN in neoplastic tissues of the genitourinary system were analyzed.CD147/EMMPRIN expression in 52 patients with renal carcinoma, 58 patients with bladder carcinoma, 101 patients with prostate carcinoma, 17 patients of penis carcinoma, and 17 patients of testis carcinoma were examined by immunostaining on paraffin-embedded tumor specimens using monoclonal antibodies. Then, the association of its expression with clinicopathologic characteristics to the patients' prognosis was analyzed. The RNA interference approach was used to silence CD147/EMMPRIN expression in the human prostate carcinoma cell line LNCAP and human bladder carcinoma cell line J82. The in vitro proliferative ability of CD147/EMMPRIN-deficient cells was determined by a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay.CD147/EMMPRIN was expressed in neoplastic tissues, but not in normal tissues. Positive expression was shown in 42 of 52 (80.77%) of the patients with renal carcinoma, 41 of 58 (70.69%) of the patients with bladder carcinoma, 67 of 101 (66.34%) of the patients with prostate carcinoma, 16 of 17 (94.12%) of the patients with penis carcinoma and testis carcinoma. Positive CD147/EMMPRIN staining was significantly associated with TNM stages and histological subtypes of patients with various urinary carcinomas (P0.05). In all five groups, for different expression levels of CD147/EMMPRIN, the patients with a highly positive expression of CD147/EMMPRIN had the poorest prognosis. The siRNA-treated cells exhibited significantly decreased growth ability compared with control cells in vitro.These results may assist in defining the suitability of CD147/EMMPRIN as a therapeutic target and as a method for predicting a poor outcome in patients with various urinary carcinomas.