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We examine the time-varying causal link between monetary policies and macroeconomy, macroprudential policies and financial stability in China. We find that expansionary monetary policy leads to output growth, tightening monetary policy leads to price stability, and tightening quantitative monetary policy or expanding price-based monetary policy is effective in maintaining financial stability. In response to stagnation or deflation, the central bank implements an expansionary monetary policy. To prevent financial turbulence, the central bank pursues an expansionary quantitative monetary policy or a tight price-based monetary policy. In addition, macroprudential policy should be used in conjunction with monetary policy to maintain financial stability.

A novel yield criterion based on CPB06 considering anisotropic and tension-compression asymmetric behaviors of magnesium alloys was derived and proposed (called M_CPB06). This yield criterion can simultaneously predict the yield stresses and the Lankford ratios at different angles (if any) under uniaxial tension, compression, equal-biaxial and equal-compression conditions. Then, in order to further describe the anisotropic strain-hardening characteristics of magnesium alloy, the proposed M_CPB06 criterion was further evolved to the M_CPB06ev model by expressing the parameters of the M_CPB06 model as functions of the plastic strain. As the model was developed, the stresses and Lankford ratios of AZ31B and ZK61M magnesium alloys at different angles under tensile, compressive and through-thickness compressive conditions were used to calibrate the M_CPB06/M_CPB06ev and the existing CPB06ex2 model. Calibration results reveal that compared with the CPB06ex2 yield criterion with equal quantity of coefficients, the M_CPB06 criterion exhibits certain advancement, and meanwhile the M_CPB06ev model can relatively accurately predict the change of the yield locus with increase of the plastic strain. Finally, the M_CPB06ev model was developed through UMAT in LS-DYNA. Finite element simulations using the subroutine were conducted on the specimens of different angles to the rolling direction under tension and compression. Simulation results were highly consistent with the experimental results, demonstrating a good reliability and accuracy of the developed subroutine.

Background Surgical resection with esophagogastric anastomosis is the preferred treatment for patients with esophageal cancer. This study aimed to investigate independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage and stricture in patients undergoing radical McKeown esophagectomy. Methods This single-institution study retrospectively included 1300 patients who had undergone radical McKeown esophagectomy between March 2014 and July 2019. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors of anastomotic leakage and stricture. A point system for leakage was set up on the basis of multivariable regression model. Results Leakage occurred in 135 (10.4%) of the patients. Multivariable analyses showed that sex (male vs female, odds ratio [OR] 2.619), age (OR 1.038), preoperative albumin (OR 0.916), and width of gastric tube (5 cm vs 3 cm, OR 2.063) were associated with the risk of leakage. Stricture was noted in 335 (28.4%) of the 1178 patients and included grade I (258, 21.9%) and grade II (77, 6.5%). Multivariable analyses identified grade II (OR 2.195) or III (OR 12.001) leakage as an independent risk factor for stricture. A point system for risk factors was set up and associated with theoretical risk of leakage from 0.016 to 0.245 (c-statistic = 0.659). Conclusions Male sex, older age, lower preoperative albumin, and 5-cm-wide gastric tube increased the risk for leakage development with cervical anastomosis. The grade of leakage was significantly associated with the formation of stricture. Valuing these factors could improve the perioperative strategy to prevent anastomotic complications.

The technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM), i.e., 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra in waste petroleum scale, sludge, and produced water in Ma’rib Refinery - Yemen - were measured using spectroscopy with HPGe detector. To determining the radiation hazard of TENORMs in waste petroleum, The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), gamma-ray index (Iγ), external radiation hazard index (Hex), internal radiation hazard index (Hin), absorbed dose rate (ADR), annual effective dose (AED), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), alpha index (Iα) excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), and activity utilization index (AUI) are calculated to determine the radiation hazard of TENORMs in waste petroleum. The radiological data were analyzed using multivariable statistical methods to determine the discrepancies and similarities between the various samples. Frequency distributions have been studied for all radionuclides. There were fourteen variables measured in the data studied. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation between all concentrations of TENORMs and all radiation hazard indicators. Factor analysis results in a two-component representation of the data obtained from waste petroleum samples. The dendrogram resulting from the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis divided the twenty-eight waste petroleum samples into three main groups using fourteen variables.

IQGAP1 is a key scaffold protein that regulates numerous cellular processes and signaling pathways. Analogous to many other cellular proteins, IQGAP1 undergoes post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation. Nevertheless, very little is known about the specific sites of phosphorylation or the effects on IQGAP1 function. Here, using several approaches, including MS, site-directed mutagenesis, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, and chemical inhibitors, we identified the specific tyrosine residues that are phosphorylated on IQGAP1 and evaluated the effect on function. Tyr-172, Tyr-654, Tyr-855, and Tyr-1510 were phosphorylated on IQGAP1 when phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity was inhibited in cells. IQGAP1 was phosphorylated exclusively on Tyr-1510 under conditions with enhanced MET or c-Src signaling, including in human lung cancer cell lines. This phosphorylation was significantly reduced by chemical inhibitors of MET or c-Src or by siRNA-mediated knockdown of MET. To investigate the biological sequelae of phosphorylation, we generated a nonphosphorylatable IQGAP1 construct by replacing Tyr-1510 with alanine. The ability of hepatocyte growth factor, the ligand for MET, to promote AKT activation and cell migration was significantly greater when IQGAP1-null cells were reconstituted with IQGAP1 Y1510A than when cells were reconstituted with WT IQGAP1. Collectively, our data suggest that phosphorylation of Tyr-1510 of IQGAP1 alters cell function. Because increased MET signaling is implicated in the development and progression of several types of carcinoma, IQGAP1 may be a potential therapeutic target in selected malignancies.

Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) has been proven to be a feasible surgical approach for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to investigate the recurrence pattern and potential risk factors after RAMIE. Consecutive patients with ESCC who received RAMIE with McKeown technique at a single Esophageal Cancer Institute from November 2015 to September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with available data, radical resection (R0), and a minimum 2-year follow-up period were eligible for the recurrence analysis. Risk factors of recurrence were examined by logistic regression analysis. R0 resection was achieved in 95.1% of patients (310/326). Of the 298 eligible patients with a median follow-up period of 30.6 months, recurrence was recognized in 95 patients (31.9%), with 4 (1.3%) local-only, 40 (13.4%) regional-only, 44 (14.8%) hematogenous-only and 7 (2.3%) combined recurrences. Cervical lymph nodes and lungs were the most frequent sites of regional and hematogenous recurrence, respectively. The median disease-free interval until recurrence was 12.1 (range 1.7-37.6) months and 83.2% of relapses occurred within 2 years after surgery. Multivariable analysis indicated that tumor in the upper esophagus, larger tumor length and positive lymph nodes as independent risk factors for recurrence. Hematogenous recurrence is the prevailing pattern after RAMIE for ESCC. For patients with advanced disease, neoadjuvant therapy is a key factor in reducing recurrence rather than surgical approaches.

Shoulder surgery is a primary intervention for shoulder pain, yet many individuals experience persistent postoperative pain. Previously, we found individuals categorized as having a high-risk phenotype (comprised of COMT variation and pain catastrophizing) had approximately double the chance of not reaching a 12-month pain recovery criterion. As a means to better understand the development of persistent postoperative shoulder pain, this study advanced our previous work by examining temporal ordering of postoperative shoulder recovery based on potential mediating factors, and expansion of outcomes to include movement-evoked pain and shoulder active range of motion. Before surgery, individuals were categorized as either high-risk (high pain catastrophizing, COMT-genotype linked to low enzyme activity [n = 41]) or low-risk (low pain catastrophizing, COMT-genotype linked to normal enzyme activity [n = 107]). We then compared potential mediating variables at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively 1) endogenous pain modulation defined by a conditioned pain modulation paradigm; and 2) and emotion factors such as anxiety, fear of movement, and depressive symptoms. At 3 months, the high-risk subgroup had higher fear and movement-evoked pain, and causal mediation analysis confirmed the direct effect of risk subgroup on 12-month movement evoked pain. However, baseline to 12-month change in depressive symptoms were found to mediate 53% of the total effect of risk subgroup on 12-month movement-evoked pain. This study introduces potential temporal components and relationships to the development of persistent postoperative shoulder pain, which future studies will confirm and assess for potential therapeutic targets. Perspective This study expands upon postoperative shoulder recovery measures to include movement-evoked pain and depressive symptoms, and provides preliminary indication of temporal ordering to postoperative shoulder recovery for a preidentified high-risk subgroup. Future studies will distinguish temporal components of shoulder surgery that may optimize treatment targets of postoperative recovery.

Existing studies on migrant social integration in China are often focused on urban villages. Very few have explored across different types of neighbourhood. Drawing on the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we find that migrants who live in ‘commodity housing’ neighbourhoods have achieved a higher level of social integration in all the dimensions of socio-economic achievement, neighbourly interaction and social relationships with the city. Migrants living in urban and rural villages manage to achieve better economic integration than migrants living in factory dormitories and old neighbourhoods in the central city. However, migrants in these villages show a lower level of social integration. The findings reveal that urban and rural villages as migrant enclaves serve a stepping-stone for migrants to earn an income but do not support migrants to eventually progress into better social integration. By revealing different levels of social integration, the Chinese case seems to suggest a process of spatial assimilation through which migrants living in more mainstream and formal housing with the locals become better integrated. However, such a process does not really happen as many migrants are stuck in the informal housing of villages. That migrant enclaves demonstrate a lower level of integration suggests that a path of segmented assimilation did not exist. That is, migrants could not find a path to integrate into the city in these enclaves.

Carbon onions have shown potential applications in many fields due to their low density, tunable conductivity, excellent thermal and chemical stability. In this study, we report an efficient method for synthesis of gram-scale hollow carbon onions (HCNOs). A chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was carried out at 700 °C with magnesium oxide supported cobalt as catalyst. Abundant HCNOs were obtained by leaching the CVD product in hydrochloric acid when the precursor weight ratio of cobalt and magnesium oxide is 5%. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images indicate the sample is composed of hollow polyhedral particles with diameter of 10–50 nm. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates the purity of HCNOs is about 99%. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra demonstrates a moderate graphitization of HCNOs in which graphite carbon and defective carbon both present. The graphite carbon can provide good conduction that is beneficial to introduce the microwave, while the defects can provide abundant polarization center to stimulate the formation of multiple dielectric resonances. The calculated reflection loss curve of HCNOs with a thin thickness of 2 mm exhibit wide absorption bandwidth at high frequency (13.5–16.9 GHz), indicating an excellent microwave absorption performance at high frequency.

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation. To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals, three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration, including the unbent tooth damage (abbreviated as Unbent), the partial tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Pbent) and the complete tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Cbent). The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages. The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most, and an increase of 6.1% for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4% for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage. Compared to the Unbent tooth damage, the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6% and 8.5%–22.6% respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm, suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.

Mining safety is recognized as one of the factors influencing the mining industry's long-term viability. Therefore we did a bibliometric analysis to take stock of safety management in the coal mining industry. This study suggests a three-step strategy, comprising literature extraction and screening, bibliometric analysis, and discussion, to provide an in-depth understanding of the present state and development trend of mine safety research. The discovery raises concerns. (i) Coal dust pollution has a direct and indirect impact on the environment. (ii) Most research projects have prioritized technology innovation and development over safety norms. (iii) Most works have come from advanced countries such as China, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Australia to the neglect of developing nations, leaving a significant vacuum in the literature. (iv) There are more major safety principles in the food business than in the mining industry, indicating a weak safety culture in the mining industry. Additionally, future research goals are provided, such as creating safer policy guidelines to support technological advancements, constructing effective safety mines, and creating solutions to dust pollution and human errors.

Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in eukaryotic cells. The integrity of mitochondrial structure and function determines cell destiny. Mitochondria are also the "energy factories of cells." The production of energy is accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Generally, the production and consumption of ROS maintains a balance in cells. Ozone is a highly oxidizing, harmful substance in ground-level atmosphere. Ozone inhalation causes oxidative injury owing to the generation of ROS, resulting in mitochondrial oxidative stress overload. Oxidative damage to the mitochondria induces a vicious cycle of ROS production which might destroy mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial structure and function in cells. ROS can alter the phosphorylation of various signaling molecules, triggering a series of downstream signaling pathway reactions. These include inflammatory responses, pyroptosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Changes involving these molecular mechanisms may be related to the occurrence of disease. According to numerous epidemiological investigations, ozone exposure induces respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous system diseases in humans. In addition, these systems require large quantities of energy. Hence, the mitochondrial damage caused by ozone may act as a bridge between human diseases. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved require further investigation. This review discusses our understanding of the structure and function of mitochondria the mechanisms underlying ozone-induced mitochondrial damage.