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Introduction There has been limited research conducted on the identifications/methodological approaches of using plant species as indicators of the presence of economically, important mineral resources. Objectives This study set out to answer the following questions (1) Do specific plant species and species assemblages indicate the presence of mineral deposits? and (2) if yes, then what sort of ecological, experimental, and statistical procedures could be employed to identify such indicators? Methods Keeping in mind these questions, the vegetation of subtropical mineral mines sites in northern Pakistan were evaluated using Indicator Species Analysis (ISA), Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results A total of 105 plant species belonging to 95 genera and 43 families were recorded from the three mining regions. CA and TWCA classified all the stations and plants into three major mining zones, corresponding to the presence of marble, coal, and chromite, based on Jaccard distance and Ward’s linkage methods. This comprehended the following indicator species: Ficus carica, Isodon rugosus and Ajuga parviflora (marble indicators); Olea ferruginea, Gymnosporia royleana and Dicliptera bupleuroides (coal indicators); and Acacia nilotica, Rhazya stricta and Aristida adscensionis (chromite indicators) based on calculated Indicator Values (IV). These indicators were reconfirmed by CCA and SEM analysis. Conclusion It was concluded that ISA is one of the best techniques for the identification/selection of plant indicator species, followed by reconfirmation via CCA and SEM analysis. In addition to establishing a robust approach to identifying plant indicator species, our results could have application in mineral prospecting and detection.

Funding Information: The present study has been financially supported by the Academy of Finland (Grant Nos. 297248 and 318024 ) and Fortum-Neste Foundation (grant no. 2020050 ), which are gratefully acknowledged. The second author has also been financially supported by the Henry-Ford foundation under grant no. 202000063 . The authors are thankful to Ranta Olli and Blomstedt Otto for their supports on the engine preparations. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors A comprehensive investigation on diesel pilot spray ignited methane-hydrogen (CH4–H2) combustion, tri-fuel combustion (TF), is performed in a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. The experiments provide a detailed analysis of the effect of H2 concentration (based on mole fraction, MH2) and charge-air temperature (Tair) on the ignition behavior, combustion stability, cycle-to-cycle (CCV) and engine performance. The results indicate that adding H2 from 0 to 60% shortens the ignition delay time (IDT) and combustion duration (based on CA90) up to 33% and 45%, respectively. Thereby, H2 helps to increase the indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) by as much as 10%. Furthermore, to gain an insight into the combustion stability and CCV, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) methodologies are applied to estimate the combustion stability and CCV of the TF combustion process. The results reveal that the pressure oscillation can be reduced up to 4 dB/Hz and the CCV by 50%when MH2 < 60% and Tair < 55 °C. However, when MH2 > 60% and Tair > 40 °C, abnormal combustion and knocking are observed.

Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the receipt of the following financial support for this research work and authorship. This work was financially supported by Academy of Finland (grant no. 13297248) Fortum-Neste Foundation (grant no. 2020050 and 20210032 ), and Merenkulun säätiö (grant no. 20210073). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s) Methanol (MeOH) is a promising low-carbon liquid fuel to provide global energy security with a potential to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in transport sector. However, its utilization in diesel engines at high MeOH substitution ratios (MSR) suffers from misfire or high pressure rise rates owing to its distinct physio-chemical properties. This issue is addressed in the present study by adopting negative-valve overlap (NVO) and hot residual gases from the previous cycle. Experiments are performed in a single-cylinder heavy-duty CI engine for a constant MSR (90% energy based) and an engine speed of 1500 rpm. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of 1) NVO period, 2) charge-air temperature (Tair), 3) MeOH lambda (λMeOH) on the MeOH-diesel dual-fuel (DF) combustion in NVO mode, and 4) to demonstrate the implications of NVO in yielding high net-indicated efficiency (ηind) together with low pollutant emissions at a wide range of engine operating loads (40–90%). The results show that the hot residual gases from the previous cycle enhance the reactivity of the fresh MeOH-air mixture by inducing slow oxidation processes before TDCf. The slow pre-flame oxidation processes are disruptive or oscillatory in nature, wherein NVO period, Tair and λMeOH can be used to control these processes and their induced reactivity enhancing capability. It is noticed that the pre-flame oxidation processes and the main combustion have a direct correlation between them. Based on the control strategy, the MeOH-diesel combustion in the NVO mode produced on average ηind of approx. 53% accompanied with very low NOx emission of 1.1 g/kWh at a wide range of engine operating loads (40–90%). Additionally, on average the combustion phasing (CA50) is maintained at ∼ 2 oCA aTDC, while the combustion stability remains high (COVIMEP ∼ 3.5%).

The infection of Cryptosporidium in pigs causes digestive system ailments, diarrhea and weight loss serving as an economic burden, especially in newborn animals. The bacterial fermentation products of short-chain fatty acids have important roles in immune function, microbiota regulation, osmotic balance and metabolism. However, till now little knowledge is available about the effect of Cryptosporidium infection on microbiota and SCFAs in plateau pigs. Hence, we performed this study to explore the response of microbiota and SCFAs in the natural infection of Cryptosporidium in Tibetan pigs. Cryptosporidium positive (infected, G) and negative samples (healthy, J) in our previous study were used for high throughputsequencing and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer analysis. Over 81 000 and 74 000 filtered sequences were detected in healthy and infected Tibetan pigs, respectively. Lower sample richness and evenness were observed in Cryptosporidium infection, as alpha diversity analysis found that chao1 (p 0.05), faith_pd (p 0.05), and observed_features in group G were significantly lower than pigs in group J. A total of 4 and 27 significant different phyla and genera were found between group G and J. The changed genera were Psychrobacter, Desemzia, Succiniclasticum, Treponema, Campylobacter, Atopobium, Olsenella, Pediococcus, Peptococcus, Sharpea, Desulfovibrio, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus, Anaerostipes, Turicibacter, Lactobacillus, RFN20, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, Megasphaera, Streptococcus, Blautia, Lachnospira, rc4_4, Gemmiger, Dorea, Oribacterium and Prevotella, which affected the microbiota functions with 360 abundance changed enzymes, and pathways in L1, L2 and L3 levels of KEGG. The concentration of acetic acid (p 0.01), butyric acid (p 0.05) and caproic acid (p 0.01) were lower in group G. In conclusion, the present study herein uncovered that the host responses to Cryptosporidium infection in Tibetan pigs with 27 of significantly changed genera decreased SCFAs in pigs, which may provide insights in further developing novel therapy against this protozoan.

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that mediate a variety of biological function and plays a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, which may provide new targets for the development of OA therapies. However, the roles of integrins in different stages of OA remain elusive.This study aimed to synthesize all published preclinical evidence on the roles of integrin receptors in different stages of OA to identify the potential target for drug development in alleviating OA pathogenesis.Major electronic databases were used to identify related original articles. The methodological quality of all included studies was appraised using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. We used the generic inverse variance with random effects model to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Seventeen studies were included in this systematic review. Integrin α5β1 activation increases the histopathological score both in early [SMD, 6.39; 95%CI (2.90, 9.87); p = 0.0003] and late [SMD, 3.41; 95%CI (2.44, 4.38); p 0.00001] stage of OA. Integrin α5β1 also increased the core catabolic factors like MMP-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Interestingly, the inactivation of α5β1 integrin did not change the histopathological score (p = 0.84). Similarly, β1 integrin notably increased histopathological score at both stages of OA [early; SMD, 7.13; 95%CI (2.01, 12.24); p = 0.006]; [late; SMD, 10.25; 95%CI (5.11, 15.39); p 0.0001], and increased the MMP-13 levels. However, integrin β1 was upregulated at the early stage and downregulated at the late stage of OA. Furthermore, α2β1 integrin significantly increased histopathological score [SMD, 3.14; 95%CI (2.18, 4.10); p 0.00001] and MMP-13 [SMD, 2.24; 95%CI (0.07, 4.41); p = 0.04]. Deactivating integrin α1β1 increased histopathological score in late [SMD, 1.53; 95%CI (0.80, 2.26); p 0.0001], but not in early [SMD, 0.90; 95%CI (-1.65, 3.45); p = 0.49] stage of OA.This study provides evidence that α5β1, α2β1, and α1β1 integrin might be the potential target for future drug development in alleviating OA pathogenesis. Further work is required to establish our findings through activating/deactivating these receptors in different stages of OA.

A new natural proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) was obtained via solvent extraction and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The differences among the characteristics of the new proteoglycan from cracked (proteoglycan-C) and uncracked GLSP (proteoglycan-UC) were explored. The SDS-PAGE results showed the molecular weight of protein contained in proteoglycan-UC (55, 72, 95 kDa) was different to that proteoglycan-C (43, 95 kDa). The differences of these amino acids (Glu, Arg, Leu and Lys) content and monosaccharides (Fuc, Gal, Glc, Man and Gal-AC) content between proteoglycan-C and proteoglycan-UC were determined by HPLC/ ion chromatography. The 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of proteoglycan-C were higher than that proteoglycan-UC. The proteoglycan-UC exhibited stronger hypoglycemic and antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus, and the proteoglycan-C and proteoglycan-UC showed antitumor effects with potential for therapeutic applications.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a big health concern for human beings. Currently, the treatment regimen of diabetes includes various antidiabetic drugs, such as α-inhibitors, glinides, sulfonylurea and biguanides which improves the regulation of glucose but have several negative consequences for patients. Conventional insulin treatment is associated with multiple defects such as hyperinsulinemia, pain and discomfort. Camel milk Insulin is lower in molecular weight comparable to insulin which mimics interaction of insulin with their receptors. Scope and approach Camel milk brings histopathological parameters of patients towards normal ranges. Genetic studies have reported camel insulin to be positively affecting enzymes and proteins of vital importance for cardiovascular and hepatorenal consideration. Insulin did control phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene transfer that have gluconeogenesis, and played vital role in regularization of pyruvate kinase, fatty acid synthases, glucose transferase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase, and insulin receptor substrate. In comparison to cow milk, camel milk holds higher contents of zinc that plays key role in secretory activity of islets of β cells. On the other hands, camel milk insulin is packaged in nanoparticles that allow it to pass through stomach and allows its entry to circulatory system. It also inhibits the elevation of hormones, TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels which are produced in response to DM. Some of physical denaturation to protein while heat treatment are challenges to be tackled, however. Conclusion This review finds camel milk insulin as an effective nutraceutical on pathophysiological and molecular grounds.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. The research manuscript reports on Electrohydrodynamic Atomisation (EHDA) to engineer on-demand novel coatings for ocular contact lenses. A formulation approach was adopted to modulate the release of timolol maleate (TM) using chitosan and borneol. Polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were utilised to encapsulate TM and were electrically atomised to produce optimised, stationary contact lens coatings. The particle and fibre diameter, thermal stability, material compatibility of the formed coatings along with their in vitro release-modulating effect and ocular tolerability were investigated. The results demonstrated highly stable nano-matrices with advantageous morphology and size. All formulations yielded coatings with high TM encapsulation (>88%); with excellent ocular biocompatibility. The coatings presented biphasic and triphasic release profiles; depending on composition. Kinetic modelling revealed a noticeable effect of chitosan; the higher the concentration, the more the release of TM due to chitosan swelling; with the release mechanism changing from Fickian diffusion (1% w/v; n = 0.5) to non-Fickian (5% w/v, 0.45 < n < 0.89). The use of EHDA has not yet been explored in depth within the ocular research remit; engineering on demand lens coatings capable of sustaining TM release. This is likely to offer an alternative dosage form for management of glaucoma with particular emphasis on improving poor patient compliance.

Nanofibers comprising dispersed natural bioactive ingredients have received considerable attention due to enhanced pharmaceutical effects. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a versatile bioactive compound that is prone to oxidative damage. In this work, GLP was obtained from Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) using two methods; ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and traditional solvent extraction (TSE). Optimal GLP yield was determined via parametric optimization for UAE. GLP was subsequently loaded (via electrospinning) as a molecularly dispersed system into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers; which ranged in size from 390 to 750 nm. Composite fibers were analyzed using electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and their surface hydrophilicity and mechanical properties were assessed. The results showed that the yield of GLP using UAE for 3 min was higher than that of TSE for 5 h. GLP concentration was shown to influence mean fiber diameter, water contact angle and maximum tensile/strain strength of fibrous composite films. All fibrous films exhibited rapid GLP release, reaching 100% within 300 s. These results demonstrate an efficient method for GLP preparation and a feasible route to encapsulate the compound as a molecularly dispersed system into nanofibers, elucidating potential application in biopharmaceutical delivery.

Recent explorations have shown potential drug delivery applications of random and aligned fibrous dosage forms (e.g. patches, dressings, films and inserts). In this study, novel controlled delivery dosage forms, comprising Janus fibers, are designed and fabricated using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) engineering. Model probe and active compound release is shown from dissimilar polymer systems (non-soluble and soluble in nature) which constitute towards Janus systems. Micron scaled aligned Janus fibers comprising polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were engineered to host rhodamine B and acriflavine, respectively. The impact of various operating parameters (e.g. flow rate, collector speed, working distance and applied voltage) on resulting mean fiber diameter and shape were optimized. Tensile strain decreased from 116.5 ± 10.2% to 81.8 ± 9.5% upon the inclusion of the model compounds, while both PCL/PVP and PCL/PVP/dyes samples exhibited similar tensile strength (∼0.65 MPa). FTIR analyses demonstrates PCL/PVP blend behavior and successful incorporation of rhodamine B and acriflavine. Acriflavine release from PCL fibers spanned over a 4-day period, and release of rhodamine B from PVP fibers was just over 6 h. The results indicate the EHD direct-jetting technique enables the precise construction of drug loaded and aligned fibers in a single-step with minimal excipient usage for potential customized drug delivery.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. In this study, complex drug-cellulose acetate (CA) composite films were designed and fabricated possessing pre-determined grid spacing for inter-connected fibrous films. Ibuprofen (IBU) was selected as the active ingredient. and grid spacing was varied between 300 to 500μm (fiber diameter~35μm) for various geometries. Process parameter impact on fiber morphology and deposition was investigated. FTIR confirmed IBU encapsulation and XRD analysis indicated the drug was dispersed (amorphous) in films. Inter-connected grid void geometry was shown to impact water contact behavior, and drug release mechanism was shown to be Fickian diffusion. Furthermore, drug release rate depended on geometry of engineered structures. The findings suggest a spatial design approach for modulated drug release from bespoke drug delivery dosage forms.

Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (CHI) causes brain aging, neurological disorders, cognitive decline, motor function impairment, and mortality. Inhibiting death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) has shown therapeutic potential against CHI, but several reports contradict its protective function, mechanism of activation, and signal transduction. Here, we systematically reviewed the role and the activation mechanism of DAPK1, and quantitatively assess the efficacy of DAPK1 inhibition (DI) methods in neuroprotection, following a CHI in animal models. Embase and PubMed were searched for relevant studies. Overall, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the SYRCLE Risk of bias tool (RoB) tool was used to assess RoB. StataSE 16 was used for meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA). Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the effect size. DI was associated with the reduction of brain infarct volume (BIV) [SMD = -1.70, 95% CI (-2.10, -1.30); p = 0.00], neurological score (N.S.), neuronal degeneration, with no change in the level of in cell death [SMD = -0.83, 95% CI (-2.00, 0.35); p = 0.17], indicating the protective role of DI against CHI. No differences were found in DAPK1 mRNA and protein levels [SMD = 0.50, 95% CI (-0.05, 1.04); p = 0.07] {single-study driven; upregulated after exclusion (p = 0.01, I

Three-dimensional porous architectures have gained popularity as advanced materials in emerging therapeutics, drug delivery systems and tissue regeneration. This is largely due to their porosity, inter-connectivity, and mechanical properties. However, current approaches to derive such three-dimensional structures are stochastic and therefore density uniformity varies, with innermost components exhibiting dense attributes. This also limits the encapsulation ability and quality of compounds. In this study, multifunctional structures comprising multi-layered particles are developed. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/ethyl cellulose (EC)/ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is the outer layer; silicone oil (SO) is the intermediate layer; PCL and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP) are the inner-most (core) component. Particles are initially formed using single step tri-needle co-axial electrostatic jetting, followed by sacrificial template removal to enable multifunctional porous structures. Using this approach, deployment of layered bodies enables the formation of homogeneous particles (150 µm) with tunable pore sizes of 100 s of nanometers to 350 s of microns. The process is versatile, and results indicate multi-scale pore size and hybrid pore connectivity are regulated through manipulation of the sacrificial agent. These structures are therefore promising for several multi-faceted healthcare applications e.g. targeted drug delivery, 3D cell culture, and real-time MRI imaging.

Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a key predictor for preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular diseases. In this work, we propose a gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)-Aβ-nickel (Ni)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) based colorimetric assay for the detection of Aβ1-40. The consecutive binding of Aβ1-40 to AuNPs and metal ions is designed and examined for Aβ-specific aggregation of AuNPs and the generation of quantitative colorimetric signals. The affinity of Aβ1-40 towards various metal ions was studied first, and two metal ions, Cu and Ni, were specifically tested with Metal Ion-Binding Site Prediction (MIB) and High-resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Subsequently, the binding of Aβ1-40 and AuNPs was examined, and the binding between Aβ-AuNPs and Ni-HRP was finally analyzed by UV–Vis and nano-zetasizer. Based on the characterized dual binding of Aβ1-40, a colorimetric sandwich assay was developed and the analytical performance of the developed assay has been evaluated with standard solutions and human serum samples. Good linearity within a range from 0 nM to 10 nM was found. The detection limits of 0.22 nM in the standard sample and 0.23 nM in the human serum sample have been demonstrated. The newly developed colorimetric sandwich assay is a short, simple, antibody-free assay and achieves high sensitivity with only 100 μL Aβ1-40 samples. The assay has immense potential for the detection of Aβ1-40 in biological or biomedical diagnosis.

Large quantity of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) obtained from concrete and demolition waste needs to be disposed of properly and sustainably. The present investigation aims to examine the axial compressive behavior of polypropylene macro synthetic fiber (PMF) reinforced RAC (MRC) columns containing glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars. Nine GFRP rebars reinforced columns (GMRC columns) and nine steel rebars reinforced columns (SMRC columns) with 1200 mm height and 300 mm diameter were tested under concentric and eccentric loading. The axial load-carrying capacity (LC), failure behavior, damaging modes, and compressive deformations were assessed. The results depicted that the SMRC columns had greater axial LC by 23.4% and lower ductility capacity by 16% than GMRC columns. Mostly, the failure mechanism of GMRC and SMRC columns was similar. The application of eccentricity resulted in similar declines in axial LC for both GMRC and SMRC specimens. 3D finite element modeling of GMRC specimens was performed using a modified damaging plastic model for MRC. The suggested finite element model estimated the efficiency of GMRC specimens with high accuracy for both axial LC and corresponding deformations of samples.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. Topography and surface morphology of micrometer and nanometer scaled fibrous biomaterials are crucial for bioactive component encapsulation, release, promoting cell proliferation and interaction within biological environment. Specifically, for drug delivery and tissue repair applications, surface engineering provides control on both aspects in tandem. In this study, the bioactive component (ganoderma lucidum spore polysaccharide (GLSP)) was loaded into zein prolamine (ZP) fiber matrices via coaxial electrospinning (CES) technique. During the CES process, various outer layer enveloping fluids were used to modulate fiber topography in-situ (from 2D to 3D). SEM and water contact angle tests indicate enveloping media impact electrospun fiber diameter (ranging from 400 nm to 3.0 μm) and morphologies (from flat ribbon-like to solid cylindrical structures), with the latter impacting GLSP release profile. Furthermore, CCK-8 assay assessment indicates fibroblast cell proliferation (L929 cell line), while cell extension was also observed for modified ZP fibers. The results demonstrate potential applications of modified fiber morphologies, which are tailored in-situ without impacting chemical stability and encapsulation.

Weed flora has not been analyzed quite often from its phytosociological classification and ecological point of view due to its deteriorating impacts on economic crops. For the first time weed flora in winter wheat fields of the District Malakand, Pakistan were sampled and quantitatively analyzed to identify indicator weeds and weeds associations’ formation, using robust multivariate statistical approaches. It was hypothesized that the variation in an agro-ecological system gives rise to diverse associations of weed species under the influence of edaphic and climatic factors and prevailing farming practices under micro and macro habitat. The quantitative ecological techniques i.e., quadrat along transect method were used to find various phytosociological attribute including Density, Frequency, Cover and Important Value Indices of weeds in the region. 1200 quadrates/releves were established for quantification of weed species in one hundred and twenty randomly selected wheat fields in a region of 26727 ha of wheat growing region. Data was put in MS Excel for analyses in the PCORD Version 5 to find out various weed associations and their specific indicator species. Using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses via Sorenson distance measurements five major clusters/plant associations were established using 1,0 data. These species associations were: (1) Emix-Vicia-Lathyrus weed association, (2) Alysum-Cannabis-Lithospermum weed association, (3) Oxalis-Lathyrus-Chenopodium weed association, (4) Euphorbia-Cerastium-Capsella-bursa weed association and (5) Alopecurus-Mazus-Persicaria weed association. Association 1 includes 17 fields with a total of 170 releves (17 × 10) in the region. Association 2 includes 30 fields and 300 releves (30 × 10), association 3 has 15 fields and 150 releves (15 × 10), association 4 has 34 fields and 340 releves (34 × 10) and association 5 has 24 fields and 240 releves (24 × 10) in the study area. Various climatic factor, edaphic variables and farming practices associated in each field were also examined for comparisons of influencing factors of weed associations and recognition their respective indicator species. Temperature, soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil structure, soil organic matter, lime contents, preceding crops, use of herbicides, time and quantity of manure were the main factors/ingredients responsible for the variation and formation of different associations. Indicator species analysis gave the indicator weeds of each association under the influence of each determining variable. From findings of this research it is concluded that farming practices and edaphic factor show significant effects on recognition of Indicator species, distribution of weed flora and formation of weed associations/communities in the region. Understanding these phenomena could further be used for weeds management purposes under the micro climatic, edaphic and local farming practice regimes. Though the weeds are considered as unwanted plants, nevertheless some of the economically important and rarely distributed weeds also need proper conservation management.

Leveraging from the synergistic effect by combining biomass-based cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) having high surface area and plant-based metal-chelating polyphenol coating was exploited. Herein, CNCs nanohybrid was fabricated by grafting tannic acid (TA) on the surface of CNCs (TA@CNCs). The TA@CNCs in the form of water dispersion were laminated on a variety of substrates ranging from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and flexible to rigid using a simple drop-casting process. The coated TA@CNCs exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity to Fe(III) in various samples including water, serum, and milk. The coated TA@CNCs displayed a remarkable color change from light gray to black on contact with Fe(III) in samples, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.52 and 0.54 ppb for serum and milk samples, respectively. The present approach of coating TA@CNCs onto various substrates can provide a large-scale, facile, and economical way for developing a portable sensing platform for Fe(III) with excellent biocompatibility.