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Objective: The resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics is a growing problem in Spain and eradication rates must be improved. The new Spanish consensus considers quadruple therapy with bismuth as first- or second-line therapy. This study evaluated the use of Pylera ® in real-life clinical practice., Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in patients treated with Pylera ® between March and September 2016. Patients (naïve or with previous treatment failure) were treated for 10 days. Eradication was confirmed using a breath test with urea 30 days or more after treatment. In addition, demographic, clinical-analytical and treatment-related data were collected., Results: A total of 185 patients were included (51.6±16.19 years); 63.8% were women and 9.2% had a family history of gastric cancer. The most frequent indication was dyspepsia (55.1%). Approximately 57.8% received Pylera ® as first-line therapy, while 95.7% received Pylera ® in combination with omeprazole. A first-line eradication rate of 78.15% was observed in the intention-to-treat population (86.6% per protocol). There were no statistically significant differences between naïve patients and those previously treated. Nine patients abandoned the treatment (4.9%), 7 due to mild side effects and 2 due to incorrect dosing., Conclusions: Pylera ® has acceptable eradication rates in first- and second-line therapy and shows a suitable safety profile., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The estimated seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Spain is 1.7%, but is much higher in the at-risk population. The most efficient national screening strategy is unclear., Aims: To estimate the prevalence of HCV among the at-risk population seen in primary care (PC), and to determine their epidemiological profile., Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive prevalence study that included adult patients with risk factors for HCV infection seen in PC in the southwest Madrid region between 2010 and 2012., Results: A total of 158 patients (men=51.3%), mean age 46 years (SD=16.6), were included. The most common risk factors were hypertransaminasaemia (44.3%) and major surgery (13.3%). Immigration, unsafe sexual practices, and tattoos or body piercing were more prevalent in patients younger than 45 years of age. Fifteen patients (9.5%) were positive for anti-HCV; 9 of these (5.7%) were HCV-ARN positive. Of the positive patients, 4 (44.4%) had significant fibrosis at diagnosis (F3-F4). Male patients had a higher rate of positive anti-HCV results (13.8 vs. 5.3%; P=.072), as did patients older than 45 years of age (12.8 vs. 6.3%; P=.167). Intravenous and intranasal drug use were associated with a higher rate of positive anti-HCV results (50 vs. 8.5%; P=.005 and 66.7 vs. 8.4%; P=.001, respectively)., Conclusions: Patients with risk factors for HCV infection have high seroprevalence. Screening programmes must therefore be implemented to detect HCV infection in this population in PC., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U., AEEH y AEG. All rights reserved.)