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Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: El intervencionismo neurovascular (INV) en la fase aguda del ictus isquémico es una alternativa válida en los casos en que la trombólisis intravenosa está contraindicada o cuando no ha sido efectiva. Nuestro objetivo es presentar la experiencia inicial del INV en la Comunidad de Madrid. Métodos: Registro prospectivo de ictus isquémicos tratados con INV en la Comunidad de Madrid (2005-2009). Se recogen variables epidemiológicas, factores de riesgo y gravedad del ictus mediante la NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale). Registramos el tipo de técnica, la situación funcional a los 3 meses, mediante la escala de Rankin modificada (eRm), complicaciones hemorrágicas y mortalidad. Resultados: Se incluyó a 41 pacientes. La media ± desviación estándar de edad fue 58,6 ± 19,9 años; el 56,1%, varones. Hubo 22 pacientes con ictus de circulación anterior y 19, de circulación posterior. La mediana de la puntuación NIHSS basal fue 17 [intervalo, 2-34]; 7 pacientes recibieron trombólisis intravenosa previa. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron: interrupción mecánica (26 pacientes), trombólisis intraarterial (26 pacientes), angioplastia/stent (5 pacientes), extracción mecánica mediante dispositivo MERCI (Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia) (3 pacientes). Se consiguió una recanalización parcial o total en 32 pacientes (78%). Un paciente presentó una transformación hemorrágica sintomática (2,4%). Al cabo de 3 meses el 53,6% de los pacientes eran independientes (eRm ≤ 2) y la mortalidad general fue del 19,5%. Conclusiones: El ictus isquémico es una emergencia médica tratable en las primeras horas. El INV es una alternativa terapéutica factible y útil en los casos de contraindicación o ineficacia de la trombólisis intravenosa. Abstract: Background and purpose: Endovascular therapies in acute ischaemic stroke may offer benefits to patients that are not eligible for standard use of intravenous tissue activator plasminogen (iv t-PA) or when this is not effective. Our aim is to present the initial experience in with endovascular techniques in the Community of Madrid. Methods: We present data from our registry of acute ischaemic strokes treated with endovascular re-perfusion therapies in five University Hospitals in Madrid (Spain) during the period 2005-2009. We recorded demographic data, vascular risk factors, risk severity with the NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale), endovascular techniques, complications and mortality rates. Functional outcome and neurological disability at 90 days was defined by the modified Rankin scale (mRs). Results: A total of 41 patients were treated with endovascular therapies. Mean age was 58.6 ± 19.9, and 56.1% were males. Of those 22 patients had an anterior circulation stroke and 19 had a posterior circulation stroke. Baseline NIHSS score was: median, 17 [range, 2-34]; 7 patients had previously received iv t-PA. The following endovascular techniques were performed: mechanical disruption (26 patients), intra-arterial infusion of t-PA (26 patients), angioplasty and stenting (5 patients), mechanical use of MERCI device (3 patients). Partial or total re-canalization was achieved in 32 patients (78%). Only one patient had a symptomatic cerebral haemorrhage. Three months after stroke, 53.6% of the patients were independent (mRs ≤ 2) and overall mortality rate was 19.5%. Conclusions: Acute ischaemic stroke is a potentially treatable medical emergency within the first hours after the onset of symptoms. Stroke endovascular procedures constitute an alternative for patients with iv t-PA exclusion criteria or when this is not effective. Palabras clave: Ictus isquémico, Trombólisis, Intervencionismo neurovascular, Infarto cerebral, Trombólisis intraarterial, Activador del plasminógeno tisular, Keywords: Ischaemic stroke, Thrombolysis, Endovascular procedures, Cerebral infarction, Intra-arterial thrombolysis, Tissue plasminogen activator

Background and purpose: Endovascular therapies in acute ischaemic stroke may offer benefits to patients that are not eligible for standard use of intravenous tissue activator plasminogen (iv t-PA) or when this is not effective. Our aim is to present the initial experience in with endovascular techniques in the Community of Madrid. Methods: We present data from our registry of acute ischaemic strokes treated with endovascular re-perfusion therapies in five University Hospitals in Madrid (Spain) during the period 2005–2009. We recorded demographic data, vascular risk factors, risk severity with the NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale), endovascular techniques, complications and mortality rates. Functional outcome and neurological disability at 90 days was defined by the modified Rankin scale (mRs). Results: A total of 41 patients were treated with endovascular therapies. Mean age was 58.6 ± 19.9, and 56.1% were males. Of those 22 patients had an anterior circulation stroke and 19 had a posterior circulation stroke. Baseline NIHSS score was: median, 17 [range, 2–34]; 7 patients had previously received IV t-PA. The following endovascular techniques were performed: mechanical disruption (26 patients), intra-arterial infusion of t-PA (26 patients), angioplasty and stenting (5 patients), mechanical use of MERCI device (3 patients). Partial or total re-canalization was achieved in 32 patients (78%). Only one patient had a symptomatic cerebral haemorrhage. Three months after stroke, 53.6% of the patients were independent (mRs = 2) and overall mortality rate was 19.5%. Conclusions: Acute ischaemic stroke is a potentially treatable medical emergency within the first hours after the onset of symptoms. Stroke endovascular procedures constitute an alternative for patients with IV t-PA exclusion criteria or when this is not effective. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: El intervencionismo neurovascular (INV) en la fase aguda del ictus isquémico es una alternativa válida en los casos en que la trombólisis intravenosa está contraindicada o cuando no ha sido efectiva. Nuestro objetivo es presentar la experiencia inicial del INV en la Comunidad de Madrid. Métodos: Registro prospectivo de ictus isquémicos tratados con INV en la Comunidad de Madrid (2005–2009). Se recogen variables epidemiológicas, factores de riesgo y gravedad del ictus mediante la NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale). Registramos el tipo de técnica, la situación funcional a los 3 meses, mediante la escala de Rankin modificada (eRm), complicaciones hemorrágicas y mortalidad. Resultados: Se incluyó a 41 pacientes. La media±desviación estándar de edad fue 58,6 ± 19,9 años; el 56,1%, varones. Hubo 22 pacientes con ictus de circulación anterior y 19, de circulación posterior. La mediana de la puntuación NIHSS basal fue 17 [intervalo, 2–34]; 7 pacientes recibieron trombólisis intravenosa previa. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron: interrupción mecánica (26 pacientes), trombólisis intraarterial (26 pacientes), angioplastia/ stent (5 pacientes), extracción mecánica mediante dispositivo MERCI (Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia) (3 pacientes). Se consiguió una recanalización parcial o total en 32 pacientes (78%). Un paciente presentó una transformación hemorrágica sintomática (2,4%). Al cabo de 3 meses el 53,6% de los pacientes eran independientes (eRm = 2) y la mortalidad general fue del 19,5%. Conclusiones: El ictus isquémico es una emergencia médica tratable en las primeras horas. El INV es una alternativa terapéutica factible y útil en los casos de contraindicación o ineficacia de la trombólisis intravenosa. Keywords: Ischaemic stroke, Thrombolysis, Endovascular procedures, Cerebral infarction, Intra-arterial thrombolysis, Tissue plasminogen activator, Palabras clave: Ictus isquémico, Trombólisis, Intervencionismo neurovascular, Infarto cerebral, Trombólisis intraarterial, Activador del plasminógeno tisular

Objective: To identify factors associated with poor anticoagulation control with vitaminK antagonists (VKA) among outpatients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) attended in Neurology and Internal Medicine in Spain., Methods: Cross-sectional and multicenter study, from the ALADIN database, of outpatients with NVAF treated with VKA and attended in Internal Medicine and Neurology in Spain. Rates of anticoagulation control were determined with the direct and Rosendaal methods, considering data from the 6months before the inclusion., Results: Out of 1,337 patients included in the ALADIN study, 750 were taking VKA, and complete information about INR values in the last 6months was available in 383 patients. Mean scores of Charlson Index, CHADS 2 , CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc and HAS-BLED were 1.94±1.54; 3.10±1.26; 4.63±1.54, and 2.20±0.90, respectively. 46.2% and 47.0% of patients had an adequate anticoagulation control according to the direct and Rosendaal methods, respectively. Inadequate anticoagulation control according to the direct method was associated with diabetes (OR: 2.511; 95%CI: 1.144-5.659), prior labile INR (OR: 35.371; 95%CI: 15.058-83.083) and the determination of >6INR controls in the last 6months (OR: 4.747; 95%CI: 2.094-10.759), and according to the Rosendaal method, with prior labile INR (P<.001) and HAS-BLED score (OR: 3.991; 95%CI: 2.520-6.319)., Conclusions: Despite the high thromboembolic risk, only a little more than a half of patients were well controlled. Factors associated with poor anticoagulation control were diabetes, labile INR, >6INR controls and HAS-BLED., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

Background and Objective: Patients admitted to Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Departments have an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). We analyzed clinical characteristics, quality of neurological care and mortality of in-hospital strokes (IHS) in these departments., Patients and Method: Prospective registry of in-hospital ISs in Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery in 13 Spanish hospitals during 2008. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data as well as mortality and functional evolution were recorded., Results: 73 patients were included. Mean age was 72±11.6 years. 75.4% of IS were cardioembolic. Special risk factors were presence of cardiac sources of embolism (86.3%), prior withdrawal of antithrombotic treatment (22%) and invasive procedures (65.7%). First neurological assessment was done in the first 3hours in 49.5% and beyond 24hours from IS onset in 20.5%. Ten patients were treated with intravenous thrombolysis, which was not possible in 8 patients because of the delay in calling the neurologist. Most frequent reasons for exclusion from thrombolytic therapy were recent major surgical procedures (33.3%) and anticoagulant therapy (38%). Three-month mortality was 15% and only 53.7% were functionally independent. Patients treated with thrombolysis had a better evolution (87.5% of independent patients, p=0.04)., Conclusions: IS in Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery are mostly cardioembolic strokes and produce a high proportion of dependent patients. Patients treated with thrombolysis had a better evolution. Delays in contacting the neurologist led to exclusion from treatment an important proportion of patients who met thrombolysis criteria., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)