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Pathologies acquired after the establishment of an artificial airway include stenosis, granulomas and the formation of pseudomembranes, to name a few. The most common form of presentation in adults is circumferential stenosis, which often requires therapeutic endoscopic measures to achieve resolution. This Case Report describes the case of an obstructive inflammatory tracheal pseudomembrane in the shape of a tracheal septum secondary to repeated intubations that was resolved with conservative treatment. The clinical presentation of this entity generally includes the appearance of respiratory infection and/or atelectasis after the withdrawal of the orotracheal tube as a consequence of the accumulation of secretions between the tracheal wall and the pseudomembrane. Inflammatory pseudomembranes can resolve spontaneously with the help of glucocorticoids, although on occasion they require an invasive endotracheal procedure depending on the evolution., (Copyright © 2012 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Invasive fungal infections of the respiratory tract are a major cause of serious morbidity and mortality especially in immunocompromised patients due to neutropenia, corticosteroids, or hematologic malignancy. The role of imaging is very important in the management of patients with fungal infections and chest x-ray is still the most used exploration. Nevertheless, new approaches recommend the systematic use of computed tomography scan for early documentation of invasive fungal infection. Combination of clinical setting with recognition of radiological pattern is the best approach to pulmonary fungal diseases. The following is a review of the imaging features of different invasive fungal infections we can face in our daily practice.