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This review examines the literature on the long-term outcomes for children and parents in families created through egg donation, focusing on child psychological adjustment, parental psychological health, and parent-child relationship quality. Where possible, outcomes were examined according to family disclosure status (i.e., whether or not the parents intended to tell/had told the child about their method of conception). The small body of empirical literature indicates that children and parents function well throughout childhood and into early adolescence, although there appear to be subtle differences in mother-child relationship quality. None of the differences found in relationship quality indicate problems in the mother-child relationship and instead reflect differences within the normal range., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To assess the impact of using donor sperm in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles on perinatal outcomes., Design: Historical cohort study., Setting: US national database from the Society of Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System (SART CORS) from 2012 to 2013., Patient(s): Patients undergoing the first fresh autologous ART cycle using either donor or partner sperm., Intervention(s): None., Main Outcome Measure(s): Miscarriage, preterm birth, low birthweight rates., Results: A total of 134,710 fresh autologous ART cycles were evaluated from the SART CORS database. Following exclusion criteria and after restricting to the first cycle, 2,123 donor sperm and 42,799 partner sperm ART cycles were included in the final analyses. After adjusting for all confounding variables (including maternal age, race, body mass index, smoking status, gravidity, history of preterm birth, highest follicle stimulating hormone count, blastocyst transfer percentage, total embryo transferred, and etiology of infertility), no statistically significant differences in miscarriage rates, preterm births, very preterm births, low birthweight, and very low birthweight were observed. Birthweight was significantly lower in the partner sperm group than in the donor sperm group (3,292 ± 601 and 3,233 ± 592 g in donor and partner sperm groups, respectively, adjusted P value 0.003); however, this small absolute difference (adjusted effect estimate 42 g, 95% CI 14.7-70.9) does not carry clinical significance., Conclusions: The use of donor sperm in fresh autologous ART cycles was not associated with increased miscarriage, preterm births, or low birthweights, as compared to cycles using partner sperm. This information can be used in patient counseling to reassure patients using donor sperm in ART cycles., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the association of oocyte donor-recipient characteristics, oocyte donor response, and live birth pregnancy rate following fresh donor oocyte IVF-ET., Design: Retrospective cohort study., Setting: Academic reproductive medicine practice., Patient(s): Two hundred thirty-seven consecutive fresh donor oocyte IVF-ET cycles from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2013 at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center., Intervention(s): None., Main Outcome Measure(s): Live birth rate per cycle initiated., Result(s): The mean (±SD) age of oocyte donors and recipients was 27.0 ± 3.7 and 41.4 ± 4.6 years, respectively. Oocyte donor demographic/reproductive characteristics, ovarian reserve testing, and peak serum E 2 during ovarian stimulation were similar among cycles which did and did not result in live birth, respectively. Overall implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth pregnancy rates per cycle initiated were 40.5%, 60.8%, and 54.9%, respectively. The greatest probability of live birth was observed in cycles with >10 oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes, oocytes with normal fertilization (zygote-two pronuclear stage), and cleaved embryos., Conclusion(s): The number of oocytes (total and mature), zygotes, and cleaved embryos are associated with live birth following donor oocyte IVF cycles. These findings suggest that specific peri-fertilization factors may be predictive of pregnancy outcomes following donor oocyte IVF cycles., (Copyright © 2017 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the percentage of parents in one French center for the study and preservation of eggs and sperm who disclose their use of donated spermatozoa to their children., Design: A questionnaire survey of couples who had a child using donated spermatozoa., Setting: University hospital laboratory., Patient(s): One hundred five couples., Intervention(s): Questionnaire sent by mail., Main Outcome Measure(s): The percentage of parents who disclose their use of donated spermatozoa to their child., Result(s): Among the 157 questionnaires sent, 105 couples answered, which corresponded to 138 children. There were 40 (38%) couples who had already disclosed the donor origin to their child and 65 (62%) who had not. Of the 40 couples who disclosed the donor origin, 37 (93%) had intended to do so before making use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), but two (5%) had not wanted to do so before ART. Among the 65 couples who did not inform their child, 42 (65%) planned to inform their child soon, but 20 (31%) wanted to keep the sperm origin secret. Of the 20 couples who wanted to keep the origin secret, nine couples had told other persons about the gamete donation but had not informed their child and do not intend to inform their child in the future., Conclusion(s): This first report about disclosure attitude in a large cohort of parents of donor-conceived offspring in France showed that most parents had already disclosed their use of donated spermatozoa to their children or intended to disclose it soon and had an attitude after birth consistent with their intentions prior to ART., (Copyright © 2017 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)