1. Concentrations of bisphenol A and parabens in socks for infants and young children in Spain and their hormone-like activities
- Author
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Mariana F. Fernández, I. Jiménez-Díaz, Nicolás Olea, Juan P. Arrebola, José-Manuel Molina-Molina, Vicente Mustieles, L.M. Iribarne-Durán, Carmen Freire, Francisco Artacho-Cordón, and F. Vela-Soria
- Subjects
Bisphenol A ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Textile ,computer.internet_protocol ,Parabens ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Dermal exposure ,Clothing ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phenols ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,Medicine ,Food science ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Children ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,business.industry ,Infant ,Androgen Antagonists ,Environmental Exposure ,E-SCREEN ,SOCKS ,chemistry ,Spain ,Child, Preschool ,E-Screen ,business ,Bisphenol A (BPA) ,computer ,Hormone - Abstract
Background: Little information is available on the content of bisphenol A (BPA) and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as parabens in infant textiles and clothes. Objectives: 1) To determine the concentrations of BPA and parabens in socks for infants and young children purchased in Spain, 2) to assess the (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of extracts from the socks, and 3) to estimate dermal exposure doses to these chemicals. Methods: Thirty-two pairs of socks for infants and young children (1–48 months) were purchased from 3 stores in Granada (Spain). Textile material was cut from the foot, toe, and leg of each sock (n=96 samples) for chemical analysis. Hormone-like activities were determined in foot sections (n=32 samples) by using the E-Screen assay for (anti-)estrogenicity and PALM luciferase assay for (anti-)androgenicity. Results: BPA was present in 90.6% of samples at concentrations ranging from, This research was funded in part by grants from the European Union Commission (The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative H2020-EJP-HBM4EU), the Spanish Ministry of Health (PI16/01820, PI16/01812, PI16/01858, PI17/01743, and PI17/01526), the Andalusia Regional Government (PI-0538-2017), and the Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). The authors are also grateful to the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII) for the predoctoral research contract (FI17/00316) granted to L.M. Iribarne-Durán, the postdoctoral research contracts granted to F. Vela-Soria (Sara Borrell- CD17/00212) and C. Freire (Miguel Servet-FEDER fund MS16/00085), and the José María Segovia de Arana contract granted to N. Olea (INT18/00060), and to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities for the Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2016-20155) granted to J.P. Arrebola.
- Published
- 2019