1. Understanding the mechanisms of viral induced asthma: New therapeutic directions
- Author
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Jay C. Horvat, Philip M. Hansbro, Nicole G. Hansbro, and Peter A. B. Wark
- Subjects
Allergy ,ASM, airway smooth muscle ,Rhinovirus ,CCR, CC chemokine receptor ,RR, relative risk ,Disease ,Respiratory syncytial virus ,Antioxidants ,Induction ,bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor ,IP-10, IFN-γ inducible protein-10 ,NK cells, natural killer cells ,CGRP, Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,CAM, Cellular adhesion molecules ,mDC, myeloid dendritic cell ,mAB, monoclonal antibody ,Respiratory tract infections ,LDH, lactate dehydrogenase ,Exacerbation ,dsRNA, double stranded RNA ,MCP, monocyte chemoattractant proteins ,Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ,AAD, allergic airways disease ,Interferon Type I ,Viral disease ,Macrolides ,WBC, white blood cell ,PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Antiviral Agents ,Article ,PKR, protein kinase R ,Humans ,PAF, platelet-activating factor ,FEV1, forced expiratory volume ,Asthma ,Pharmacology ,LRT, lower respiratory tract ,Picornaviridae Infections ,Prevention ,FI, formalin-inactivated ,vs, versus ,Immunization, Passive ,BEC, bronchoepithelial cell ,MIP, macrophage inhibitory proteins ,pfu, plaque forming units ,medicine.disease ,URT, upper respiratory tract ,respiratory tract diseases ,IL, interleukin ,Penh, enhanced pause ,APC, antigen-presenting cell ,Immunology ,PEF, peak expiratory flow ,RSV, respiratory syncytial virus ,CRP, C reactive protein ,Th, T helper lymphocytes ,Common Cold ,Angiogenesis Inhibitors ,ICS, inhaled corticosteroid ,medicine.disease_cause ,pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell ,LABA, long acting beta agonist ,PG, Prostaglandin ,ECP, eosinophil cationic protein ,TGF, transforming growth factor ,TNF, tumor necrosis factor ,Adrenergic beta-Agonists ,VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor ,ENA-78, Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78 ,AHR, airway hyperresponsiveness ,IFN, interferon, IFN ,PVM, pneumonia virus of mice ,Disease Susceptibility ,medicine.symptom ,G-CSF and GM-CSF, granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ,RV, rhinovirus (RV) ,RAD, reactive airway disease ,MHC, Major histocompatibility ,LT, leukotriene ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ,NF-kB, nuclear factor (NF)-kB ,RANTES, Regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted ,Antibodies ,TLR, Toll-like receptors ,MPV, metapneumovirus ,Wheeze ,Animals ,business.industry ,ssRNA, single stranded RNA ,Viral Vaccines ,LDLPR, low density lipoprotein receptor ,OR, odds ratio ,Treatment ,BALF, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ,business ,NK1, neurogenic receptor 1 - Abstract
Asthma is a common and debilitating disease that has substantially increased in prevalence in Western Societies in the last 2 decades. Respiratory tract infections by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV) are widely implicated as common causes of the induction and exacerbation of asthma. These infections in early life are associated with the induction of wheeze that may progress to the development of asthma. Infections may also promote airway inflammation and enhance T helper type 2 lymphocyte (Th2 cell) responses that result in exacerbations of established asthma. The mechanisms of how RSV and RV induce and exacerbate asthma are currently being elucidated by clinical studies, in vitro work with human cells and animal models of disease. This research has led to many potential therapeutic strategies and, although none are yet part of clinical practise, they show much promise for the prevention and treatment of viral disease and subsequent asthma.
- Published
- 2008