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In the present study, the impact of geometric variables and structural features of stents on hemodynamic parameters is investigated. Intravascular stent implantation is a treatment method whose success largely depends on the geometric structure of the stent and its effect on hemodynamic parameters. Medical devices called stents are inserted into arteries to restore blood flow when an artery is blocked. In this research, an optimal stent was designed and its effect compared to the common commercial stent used for coronary arteries was investigated and compared. It has been found that the geometry of the stent has an effective impact on the wall shear stress in the stented artery. Therefore, in this article, the importance of stent structures in the treatment of the coronary artery disease is discussed. For this purpose, first, an optimal stent is created with the topology optimization technique to find the best structure in the stent design. Finally, the optimized stent is numerically verified with ANSYS software and compared with existing commercial stents, and then the prototype is fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. Commercial software ABAQUS, SolidWorks, and ANSYS are used in this research. The results showed that in optimizing a square plate, a sample with a minimum residual volume limit equal to 10 and 7 % can be selected as the optimal state. The results indicate that the new design can improve the distribution of wall shear stresses to reduce the adverse hemodynamic changes. Therefore, the proposed stent geometric structure can help improve the treatment. Finally, the optimized stent along with a commercial stent was made with the 3D printing method., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. There is no conflict of interest for this research on behalf of all authors. Then also for USA sanctions, we have declared that 1) All three-first authors are from academic (research and education) institutes. Moreover, authors have confirmed 2(b)(i) and 2(b)(ii) parts on the OFAC compliance. Therefore, none of authors, how are submitting this manuscript, are as an official representative or on behalf of the government., (© 2024 The Authors.)

About 95% of cervical cancers worldwide are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer is preventable and curable if it is detected and treated early. We reviewed the latest national cervical cancer indicators, and barriers to HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening in 21 Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) member countries. Half (n = 11, 52%) of the countries have introduced HPV vaccination for girls as part of their national vaccination programme, three countries reported coverage of over 90%. Most ANCCA member countries have cervical cancer screening programmes, only five countries reported screening uptake of over 50%. The barriers to HPV vaccination coverage and cervical cancer screening participation have been identified. Ensuring health service accessibility and affordability for women, addressing sociocultural barriers, and strengthening the healthcare system and continuum of care are essential to increase HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverage., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

In the world, one of the leading causes of death is coronary artery disease (CAD). There are several ways to treat this disease, and stenting is currently the most appropriate way in many cases. Nowadays, the use of stents has rapidly increased, and they have been introduced in various models, with different geometries and materials. To select the most appropriate stent required, it is necessary to have an analysis of the mechanical behavior of various types of stents. The purpose of this article is to provide a complete overview of advanced research in the field of stents and to discuss and conclude important studies on different topics in the field of stents. In this review, we introduce the types of coronary stents, materials, stent processing technique, stent design, classification of stents based on the mechanism of expansion, and problems and complications of stents. In this article, by reviewing the biomechanical studies conducted in this field and collecting and classifying their results, a useful set of information has been presented to continue research in the direction of designing and manufacturing more efficient stents, although the clinical-engineering field still needs to continue research to optimize the design and construction. The optimum design of stents in the future is possible by simulation and using numerical methods and adequate knowledge of stent and artery biomechanics., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)