1. CUORE opens the door to tonne-scale cryogenics experiments
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L. Canonica, L. Marini, Kevin Hickerson, J. Schmidt, Massimiliano Clemenza, Carlo Cosmelli, S. Copello, L. Gladstone, M. Guerzoni, L. Ma, J. Johnston, A. Leder, M. Iannone, Irene Nutini, Paolo Carniti, Vladimir Datskov, R. J. Creswick, M. M. Deninno, G. Fantini, F. Bellini, I. C. Bandac, Yu-Gang Ma, D. Santone, V. Sharma, C. Brofferio, P. J. Mosteiro, A. Caminata, Ezio Previtali, B. Welliver, Evelyn Ferri, H. Z. Huang, G. Keppel, K. E. Lim, X. G. Cao, F. Bragazzi, Ettore Fiorini, V. Novati, C. Rusconi, N. Chott, T. Wise, C. Crescentini, R. Gaigher, L. Zanotti, Andrea Giachero, C. Maiano, N. Moggi, C. Martinez Amaya, S. S. Nagorny, A. Pelosi, G. Piperno, D. Q. Adams, L. Risegari, K. Alfonso, F. Terranova, Davide Chiesa, C. Rosenfeld, Deqing Fang, S. Pagan, S. Dell'Oro, M. L. Di Vacri, D. Mayer, Samuele Sangiorgio, Stefano Nisi, P. T. Surukuchi, S. Morganti, S. Zucchelli, J. Camilleri, A. Nucciotti, M. Sisti, P. Gorla, E. V. Hansen, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, Elena Sala, L. Ioannucci, D. Speller, F. Alessandria, M. I. Martínez, Eugene E. Haller, C. Alduino, F. Rimondi, G. Ceruti, K. Wilson, L. Taffarello, Marisa Pedretti, R. Hennings-Yeomans, S. Pirro, Carlo Ligi, M. Faverzani, M. Beretta, Y. Mei, M. Tessaro, Jeffrey W. Beeman, M. Capodiferro, A. Bersani, N. D. Scielzo, M. Barucci, L. Cappelli, D. Biare, C. J. Davis, A. Camacho, Jonathan Ouellet, D. Conventi, J. Wallig, K. M. Heeger, L. Pagnanini, A. Giuliani, G. Bari, M. Cariello, Lindley Winslow, A. Campani, S. L. Wagaarachchi, M. Maino, Guoqiang Zhang, M. Carrettoni, R. Mazza, A. Branca, A. Bryant, J. Nikkel, C. Pira, H.W. Wang, M. Perego, T. I. Banks, S. Zimmermann, Ke Han, Reina H. Maruyama, S. Ghislandi, T. O'Donnell, S. Di Domizio, Simone Capelli, R. W. Kadel, Stuart J. Freedman, G. Ventura, A. Drobizhev, C. Bulfon, C. Zarra, Laura Cardani, V. Dompè, M. Balata, L. Di Paolo, A. D'Addabbo, L. Pattavina, B. K. Fujikawa, Stefano Pozzi, Alan R. Smith, D. Orlandi, Larissa M. Ejzak, M. Vignati, B. X. Zhu, V. Pettinacci, L. Kogler, E. Celi, L. Tatananni, S.H. Fu, E. Andreotti, M. A. Franceschi, R. Cereseto, I. Dafinei, M. Sakai, D. D'Aguanno, F. Stivanello, R. G. Huang, D. Schaeffer, C. Guandalini, F. Orio, Vasundhara Singh, B. Schmidt, B. S. Wang, O. Azzolini, Kai Vetter, M. Olcese, Jeremy S. Cushman, V. Palmieri, Eric B. Norman, M. Guetti, T. Napolitano, M. Biassoni, F. Del Corso, R. Faccini, Giovanni Benato, A. Buccheri, C. Salvioni, Yu. G. Kolomensky, R. Pedrotta, Lorenzo Cassina, C. Nones, A. Puiu, Marco Pallavicini, S. Quitadamo, G. Pessina, James R. Wilson, R. Liu, Massimiliano Nastasi, M. Pavan, E. Olivieri, L. Gironi, F. T. Avignone, Claudio Gotti, N. Casali, F. Reindl, Oliviero Cremonesi, J. Goett, M. Tenconi, C. Pagliarone, C. Rossi, A. Chiarini, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, Adams, D, Alduino, C, Alessandria, F, Alfonso, K, Andreotti, E, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Bandac, I, Banks, T, Bari, G, Barucci, M, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bersani, A, Biare, D, Biassoni, M, Bragazzi, F, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bryant, A, Buccheri, A, Bucci, C, Bulfon, C, Camacho, A, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, X, Capelli, S, Capodiferro, M, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Cariello, M, Carniti, P, Carrettoni, M, Casali, N, Cassina, L, Celi, E, Cereseto, R, Ceruti, G, Chiarini, A, Chiesa, D, Chott, N, Clemenza, M, Conventi, D, Copello, S, Cosmelli, C, Cremonesi, O, Crescentini, C, Creswick, R, Cushman, J, D'Addabbo, A, D'Aguanno, D, Dafinei, I, Datskov, V, Davis, C, Corso, F, Dell'Oro, S, Deninno, M, Di Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Di Vacri, M, Di Paolo, L, Drobizhev, A, Ejzak, L, Faccini, R, Fang, D, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, M, Freedman, S, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gaigher, R, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gladstone, L, Goett, J, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Guandalini, C, Guerzoni, M, Guetti, M, Gutierrez, T, Haller, E, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Hennings-Yeomans, R, Hickerson, K, Huang, R, Huang, H, Iannone, M, Ioannucci, L, Johnston, J, Kadel, R, Keppel, G, Kogler, L, Kolomensky, Y, Leder, A, Ligi, C, Lim, K, Liu, R, Ma, L, Ma, Y, Maiano, C, Maino, M, Marini, L, Martinez, M, Amaya, C, Maruyama, R, Mayer, D, Mazza, R, Mei, Y, Moggi, N, Morganti, S, Mosteiro, P, Nagorny, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novati, V, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olcese, M, Olivieri, E, Orio, F, Orlandi, D, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmieri, V, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pedretti, M, Pedrotta, R, Pelosi, A, Perego, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Piperno, G, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Reindl, F, Rimondi, F, Risegari, L, Rosenfeld, C, Rossi, C, Rusconi, C, Sakai, M, Sala, E, Salvioni, C, Sangiorgio, S, Santone, D, Schaeffer, D, Schmidt, B, Schmidt, J, Scielzo, N, Sharma, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Smith, A, Speller, D, Stivanello, F, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tatananni, L, Tenconi, M, Terranova, F, Tessaro, M, Tomei, C, Ventura, G, Vetter, K, Vignati, M, Wagaarachchi, S, Wallig, J, Wang, B, Wang, H, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Wise, T, Zanotti, L, Zarra, C, Zhang, G, Zhu, B, Zimmermann, S, Zucchelli, S, Adams D.Q., Alduino C., Alessandria F., Alfonso K., Andreotti E., Avignone F.T., Azzolini O., Balata M., Bandac I., Banks T.I., Bari G., Barucci M., Beeman J.W., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Bersani A., Biare D., Biassoni M., Bragazzi F., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bryant A., Buccheri A., Bucci C., Bulfon C., Camacho A., Camilleri J., Caminata A., Campani A., Canonica L., Cao X.G., Capelli S., Capodiferro M., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Cariello M., Carniti P., Carrettoni M., Casali N., Cassina L., Celi E., Cereseto R., Ceruti G., Chiarini A., Chiesa D., Chott N., Clemenza M., Conventi D., Copello S., Cosmelli C., Cremonesi O., Crescentini C., Creswick R.J., Cushman J.S., D'Addabbo A., D'Aguanno D., Dafinei I., Datskov V., Davis C.J., Del Corso F., Dell'Oro S., Deninno M.M., Di Domizio S., Dompe V., Di Vacri M.L., Di Paolo L., Drobizhev A., Ejzak L., Faccini R., Fang D.Q., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferroni F., Fiorini E., Franceschi M.A., Freedman S.J., Fu S.H., Fujikawa B.K., Gaigher R., Ghislandi S., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gladstone L., Goett J., Gorla P., Gotti C., Guandalini C., Guerzoni M., Guetti M., Gutierrez T.D., Haller E.E., Han K., Hansen E.V., Heeger K.M., Hennings-Yeomans R., Hickerson K.P., Huang R.G., Huang H.Z., Iannone M., Ioannucci L., Johnston J., Kadel R., Keppel G., Kogler L., Kolomensky Y.G., Leder A., Ligi C., Lim K.E., Liu R., Ma L., Ma Y.G., Maiano C., Maino M., Marini L., Martinez M., Amaya C.M., Maruyama R.H., Mayer D., Mazza R., Mei Y., Moggi N., Morganti S., Mosteiro P.J., Nagorny S.S., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Nikkel J., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E.B., Novati V., Nucciotti A., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olcese M., Olivieri E., Orio F., Orlandi D., Ouellet J.L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C.E., Pagnanini L., Pallavicini M., Palmieri V., Pattavina L., Pavan M., Pedretti M., Pedrotta R., Pelosi A., Perego M., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Piperno G., Pira C., Pirro S., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Quitadamo S., Reindl F., Rimondi F., Risegari L., Rosenfeld C., Rossi C., Rusconi C., Sakai M., Sala E., Salvioni C., Sangiorgio S., Santone D., Schaeffer D., Schmidt B., Schmidt J., Scielzo N.D., Sharma V., Singh V., Sisti M., Smith A.R., Speller D., Stivanello F., Surukuchi P.T., Taffarello L., Tatananni L., Tenconi M., Terranova F., Tessaro M., Tomei C., Ventura G., Vetter K.J., Vignati M., Wagaarachchi S.L., Wallig J., Wang B.S., Wang H.W., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L.A., Wise T., Zanotti L., Zarra C., Zhang G.Q., Zhu B.X., Zimmermann S., Zucchelli S., Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and CUORE
- Subjects
Cryostat ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cryogenic temperatures ,Dilution refrigerator ,Low temperature calorimeter ,Neutrinoless double beta decay ,Rare event searches ,Ton-scale detector ,Cryogenic temperatures, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Dilution refrigerator, Ton-scale detector, Low temperature calorimeter, Rare event searches, cryogenics, CUORE performance ,Cryogenics ,Rare event searche ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,CUORE ,double-beta decay: (0neutrino) ,Double beta decay ,0103 physical sciences ,Cryogenic particle detectors ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Aerospace engineering ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,activity report ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Cryogenic temperature ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,CUORE performance ,Semiconductor detector ,cryogenics: design ,cryogenics ,Neutrino ,business ,performance - Abstract
The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution - comparable to semiconductor detectors - and a wide choice of target materials, making low temperature calorimetric detectors ideal for a variety of particle physics applications. Rare event searches have continued to require ever greater exposures, which has driven them to ever larger cryogenic detectors, with the CUORE experiment being the first to reach a tonne-scale, mK-cooled, experimental mass. CUORE, designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, has been operational since 2017 at a temperature of about 10 mK. This result has been attained by the use of an unprecedentedly large cryogenic infrastructure called the CUORE cryostat: conceived, designed and commissioned for this purpose. In this article the main characteristics and features of the cryogenic facility developed for the CUORE experiment are highlighted. A brief introduction of the evolution of the field and of the past cryogenic facilities are given. The motivation behind the design and development of the CUORE cryogenic facility is detailed as are the steps taken toward realization, commissioning, and operation of the CUORE cryostat. The major challenges overcome by the collaboration and the solutions implemented throughout the building of the cryogenic facility will be discussed along with the potential improvements for future facilities. The success of CUORE has opened the door to a new generation of large-scale cryogenic facilities in numerous fields of science. Broader implications of the incredible feat achieved by the CUORE collaboration on the future cryogenic facilities in various fields ranging from neutrino and dark matter experiments to quantum computing will be examined., Comment: 45 pages, 14 figures
- Published
- 2022