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Examining the relationship between green energy, the digital economy, and economic advancement in eighteen South American nations, the study used the Principal Component Factor (PCF) approach. A Green Energy Transition Index (GETI) and a Digital Economy Index (DEI) were developed as a consequence of this study. Confirmation of the large influence of switching to green energy on economic development and environmental sustainability is provided by the research's use of Fixed Effect Panel Threshold Regression (FEPTR) analysis. In today's global industrial value chain, hydrocarbons are the main source of energy. As a result, it hastened the decarburization of the world energy system to lower the noteworthy quantities of CO2 emissions from these sources. All quantile groups' economic development is strongly impacted by the digital economy and the move to green energy, according to the Methodology of instants of quantile regression (MMQR). The only element that positively impacts environmental sustainability across all quantile groups is the switch to Green energy. Reducing CO2 emissions and increasing economic development are characteristics of the low-quantile group. While the median quantile group does see a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth remains stagnant., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

In light of the rapid advancements within the electronic industry, the urgent need for the development and implementation of advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has become paramount. Herein a novel approach is presented for developing of lightweight honeycomb structures using 3D printing technology, combined with subsequent conductive spray coating, containing Silver Nanowires (AgNWs), to achieve effective EMI shielding as well as air vent functionality for thermal cooling. Using polyol method, AgNWs were synthesized having high aspect ratio and crystallinity for to be used as conductive coating on 3D printed structures. The EMI shielding results in X-band demonstrated that the developed structures exhibit promising EMI shielding properties, up to 35 dB attenuation with 2 mm honeycomb cell size, making them suitable for applications requiring EMI protection along with air venting. More importantly in all samples major contribution of the shielding efficiency comes from the absorption of the EM waves (up to 75 %) inside the structures which is helpful to reduce reflected EM noise. Effort was to effectively addresses the inherent limitations of conventional processing technology, by using additive manufacturing and material science to create structures for EMI shielding applications, bridging the gap between existing materials and desired components., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Enterotoxaemia is a severe disease caused by Clostridium perfringens and render high mortality and huge economic losses in livestock. However, scanty information and only few cases are reported about the presence and patho-physiology of enterotoxaemia in camels. The bacterium induces per-acute death in animals due to rapid production of different lethal toxins. The necropsy of camels (per-acute = 15, acute = 3) was conducted at 18 outbreaks of enterotoxaemia in camels in the desert area of Bahawalpur region. At necropsy, the serosal surfaces of visceral organs in the abdominal, peritoneal and thoracic cavities were found to have petechiation with severe congestion. Moreover, both the cut-sections of different visceral organs and the histo-pathological analysis revealed the pathological lesions in heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, small and large intestines. Grossly, the kidneys were severely congested, hyperemic, swollen and softer in consistency. Under the microscope, different sections of kidneys indicated that the convulated and straight tubules were studded with erythrocytes. In the intestines, there were stunting fusion of crypts and villi. Similarly, various histo-pathological ailments were also observed in the heart, lungs and spleen. At blood agar, the collected samples showed beta hemolytic colonies of C. perfringens that appeared as medium sized rods microscopically and stained positively on Gram staining. Multiplex PCR revealed C. perfringens type A (α and β 2 genes) and D (epsilon gene) and the deaths were found to be significantly higher due to C. perfringens type D compared to those by C. perfringens type A. Hence, it has been concluded that enterotoxaemia in camel affects multiple organs and becomes fatal, if occurred due to C. perfringens type D., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

This work investigates the effect of varying the knitting structure and stitch length (SL) on various thermo-physiological and ergonomic comfort properties of the occupational graduated compression socks. Thermo-physiological comfort, ergonomic comfort and dimensional stability of theses stockings were analysed in a comparative manner. Obtained results were evaluated statistically using the technique of analysis of variance (ANOVA). A Fisher's multiple comparison test was commissioned to analyze the relationship between the alteration of stitch length (SL) on various utility functions and properties desired in the occupational compression socks. In order to examine whether the difference of stitch length is significant, p values were determined. Further the influence of knitting structures e.g., plain, 2 × 2 Rib and 1 × 3 Rib was analysed on the selected properties. The interactive effect of both stitch length (SL) and knitting structure was studied using statistical techniques. It was concluded that knitting structure has a stronger impact on thermo-physiological and ergonomic comfort properties. Results showed a significant variation in thermo-physiological and ergonomic comfort by altering stitch length by means of the statistical analysis. An innovative approach for the manufacturers has been developed for optimizing performance in compression stockings. The construction of the compression socks can thus be optimized in terms of constructional parameters to provide optimum comfort to the users., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

This research presents the design and implementation of a chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) multi-sensor tag on a flexible laminate. Along with the tag's primary function of data encoding for object identification purposes, the tag also incorporates moisture and temperature sensing functionalities within a compact size measuring a mere 15 × 16 mm 2 . The tag structure comprises of a total 29 resonators, with each resonator corresponding to one bit in the microwave response. The initial design utilized the bendable Rogers RT/duroid®5880 within a frequency band of 5.48-28.87 GHz. To conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis, the tag design is optimized for two distinct substrates including Kapton®HN and PET. The optimization process involves exploring the utilization of both silver nanoparticle-based ink and Aluminum as radiators. The sensing feature was incorporated by deploying a thin film of Kapton®HN over the longest slot of the tag which acts as a moisture sensor. Temperature sensing feature was achieved by combining Stanyl® polyamide, a temperature dependent polymer, with Rogers RT/duroid®5880 which served as a fused substrate. The tag showcases a high code density of 12.08 bits/cm 2 enabling it to efficiently label 2 29 unique items. Its unique features include flexibility, miniaturized design, printability, cost-effectiveness and multi sensing property., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Mitigating climate change can be achieved by opting for sustainable, plant-based materials instead of relying on hazardous chemicals that come with various side effects. Various natural plant extracts find widespread application in synthesizing insect-repellent coatings, particularly in industries such as paint manufacturing. The increasing demand for these coatings has led us to find out the effects of different plant extracts for the efficient preparation of paints with more advanced impacts and low cost. For this purpose, zinc nanoparticles of Eucalyptus globulus L. and its extracts were used in this study due to their remarkable biocidal and antimicrobial activities. The extract was prepared by the process of oven-drying and heating followed by their filtration. Then, they were subjected to different phytochemical tests that were performed in which plant material did not contain flavonoids and glycol. The comparison of the size of nanoparticles was visible during the weighing which was found to be 4.451 mg. Advanced characterization techniques like FTIR, UV visible spectroscopy, and particle size analysis were adopted for the analysis of nanoparticles of plant extract. The FTIR analysis of the plant material was reported to lie in the range of 1000-1800 cm -1 . On the other hand, the results of UV visible spectroscopy of nanoparticles of plant extract showed absorption peaks around 300 nm. The produced material was integrated into paint formulations to impart insect-repellent and antibacterial characteristics. Painted panels exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy, presenting an inhibition zone of 0.7 cm for Escherichia coli and 0.3 cm for Staphylococcus aureus when utilizing biocide. Plant nanoparticles yielded inhibition zones of 1 and 1.2, while aqueous extract resulted in zones of 0.2 and 0.5, respectively. A thorough evaluation of the paint's color attributes, including ΔL, Δa, Δb, and ΔE, indicated noteworthy differences. The CMC ΔE values from the trials exceeded 1, indicating a substantial change in shade. The batches of paints containing E. globulus extracts and nanoparticles were found to be lighter in color specifically green and yellow colors. Their antimicrobial and insect repellant activity was tested using the mosquitos of Aedes aegypti with an age of 4-5 weeks, revealing that formulations with plant extracts exhibited a 61 % effective period, greater than the 7 % observed in non-biocidal formulations. The paint responded best towards these mosquitoes in terms of repellency and the ultimate target of this study was achieved., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:The manuscript is the property of the corresponding author, Maha Nadeem and Second author Dr. Ivan Suneel Samuel. No organization funded the research. The financial part of carrying out the Research was taken care by Corresponding author and Co-author Dr. Suneel supervised the research and gave all the administrative support to complete the research.

Waste management is a complex research domain. While the domain is challenging in terms of content, it is also a diverse and cross-disciplinary research subject. One of its important components includes efficient decision-making at various levels and stages. Therefore, Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques have found decent applications in this domain. The field of MCDM techniques-based waste management has been examined using bibliometric analysis in this paper in order to report a systematic overview of the trends and advancements in this area of study. The Scopus database provided 216 publications on the aforementioned subject written between 1992 and 2022. The 216 articles include 56 countries, 158 institutions, and 160 authors. Furthermore, Asian countries, including India, Iran, and China, dominate this field of study. The geographical disparity in the output of publications is visible. Journal of cleaner production, Waste Management and Waste Management and Research are the major journals publishing on MCDM techniques-based waste management research. Given that majority of the articles include multiple authors, it can be said that there is a lot of collaborative research in this area. Overall, the current study provides a thorough analysis of the development in the domain of waste management using MCDM techniques. The trend suggests that it will continue to be a focus of research for academicians, environmentalists and policymakers in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)