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Objectives: To investigate associations between sexual orientation and all-cause mortality., Study Design: Prospective cohort study., Methods: The 2008 public health survey in Scania was conducted with a postal questionnaire later linked to 9.3-year prospective death register data, including 25,071 respondents, aged 18-80. Analyses were conducted with sex-stratified survival analyses., Results: In the models including age, birth country and socioeconomic status, bisexual men had a hazard rate ratio (HRR) 1.91 (1.10-3.30) compared to heterosexual men, and bisexual women had a HRR 3.18 (1.64-6.18). No significant differences were observed for homosexuals. Other women had a HRR 2.32 (1.47-3.67)., Conclusions: Bisexuals men and women had higher mortality than heterosexuals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests., (© 2020 The Authors.)

The aim is to prospectively investigate both the "cohesion" and "network" perspectives of social capital in relation to total, cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and all other causes mortality. The 2008 public health survey in Scania was a postal questionnaire with three letters of reminder, and it was answered in the Autumn by 28,198 respondents (55% participation) aged 18-80 from a stratified random sample of the population register. This baseline was connected with the national causes of death registry ( Dödsorsaksregistret ) with a more than five-year follow-up August 27- November 14 (depending on individual response) to December 31, 2013 (946 deaths). The analyses were performed in multiple adjusted survival (Cox-) regression models. Results show that low social participation, common to both theoretical perspectives, had consistently high hazard rate ratios (HRRs) of total, CVD, cancer and other morality, and that HRRs of total and CVD mortality remained statistically significant even after adjustments for all covariates including health behaviors, BMI, unmet healthcare needs and self-rated health, HRR 1.28 (1.08-1.52) and HRR 1.79 (1.28-2.50), respectively. In contrast, low social support, specific to the "network" perspective, showed no significant associations with mortality, except for low emotional and instrumental support and other causes mortality for which HRRs remained significant adjusted for demographics and socioeconomic status (SES). Generalized trust in other people, specific to the "cohesion" perspective, showed statistically significant HRRs for total and other causes mortality until adjustments for health-related behaviours and BMI, although not after complete adjustments, and significant HRRs for CVD and cancer mortality before adjustment for health behaviours. In conclusion, low social participation is consistently associated with all forms of mortality, and particularly total and CVD mortality. Social participation represents a strong core of social capital theory, and items should measure both variety of social contact surfaces and intensity.