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Context: Smoking whose prevalence is higher in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) worsens its evolution. Ulcerative colitis mostly affect non- or ex-smokers; smoking may improve the course of the disease., Objectives: Systematic literature review of data on the relationship between smoking, smoking cessation and Crohn'disease., Documentary Sources: Medline, on the period 1980-2015 with the keywords "Crohn's disease" or "inflammatory bowel disease" and "smoking" or "smoking cessation"; limits "Title/Abstract"; the selected languages were English or French., Study Selection: Among 1315 articles, 168 abstracts have given rise to a dual reading to select 69 studies (case-control, retrospective, reviews or meta-analysis). Data were extracted using a reading gate., Results: Smoking increases the risk of complications, recurrences and resort of surgery, corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. These deleterious effects are more common in women. Stopping smoking improves the course of the disease and represents an essential component of its management., Limits: Heterogeneity of the studies collected according to the type, population characteristics, definition of smoking status and the validation of smoking cessation., Conclusion: Smokers suffering from CD must routinely be made aware of the disadvantages of smoking, benefits of abstinence and helped to quit smoking., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) procedure is now performed in almost twenty hospitals in France, including Tours university hospital. The aim is to reduce portal hypertension (PHT) by diverting the portal system to the caval system within the liver. The main cause of PHT is cirrhosis, which may be of alcoholic, viral, dysmetabolic or autoimmune origin., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)