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Introduction: The effect of surgery for metastases in patients with esophagogastric cancer is unknown, given the lack of randomized clinical trials; likewise, the criteria for selecting eligible patients remain to be determined. Methods: This registry evaluates the results of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach, distal esophagus, or gastro-esophageal junction from 32 centers. To assess selection criteria and prognostic factors, a state arrival extended Markov proportional hazards (PH) model was used. Results: 1792 subjects were analyzed, 5% of whom (n = 92) underwent surgery for metastasis. The most common surgeries were peritoneal (29%), hepatic (24%), and distant lymph nodes (11%). Subjects chosen for metastasectomy had higher survival rates, HR 034 (95% CI, 0.06-0.80, p = 0.021). Patients who underwent surgery had a mOS since metastasectomy of 16.7 months (95% CI, 12.5-22.4). The 1- and 3-year relapse rates following RO resection were 58% and 65%, respectively. Median time since RO metastasectomy until relapse was 8.4 months (95% CI, 7.6-23.7). The 3-year OS after surgery was 30.6% (95% CI, 19.3-40.4). Duration of chemotherapy prior to surgery (months) increased mortality (HR 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07]), p = 0.009. The only significant interaction involved the use of anti-HER2 therapy. Conclusion: The AGAMENON registry suggests that subjects with limited metastatic disease, selected on a clinical basis, can benefit from early surgeries. Prospective trials are needed to confirm these data. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd, BASO similar to The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.