1. Assessing the influence of pod storage on sugar and free amino acid profiles and the implications on some Maillard reaction related flavor volatiles in Forastero cocoa beans
- Author
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Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Bruno De Meulenaer, Jim Van Durme, Evangeline Semanhyia, Luc De Cooman, Gustavo Luis Leonardo Scalone, Davy Van de Walle, Michael Hinneh, Ann De Winne, Daylan A. Tzompa-Sosa, Kathy Messens, and Koen Dewettinck
- Subjects
COCOA ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Ghana ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,POD STORAGE ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,AMINO ACIDS ,Food science ,Amino Acids ,Chocolate ,Sugar ,Flavor ,Cacao ,Volatile Organic Compounds ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Otras Ciencias Naturales y Exactas ,food and beverages ,FLAVOR PRECURSORS ,Fructose ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,REDUCING SUGARS ,040401 food science ,Maillard Reaction ,Vicia faba ,Flavoring Agents ,Maillard reaction ,Point of delivery ,Food Storage ,Fermentation ,Odorants ,engineering ,symbols ,FLAVOR/AROMA VOLATILE ,Fermented Foods ,Sugars ,Acids ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Food Science - Abstract
The practice of pod storage (PS) has been applied in many cocoa producing countries, especially by Ghanaian farmers over the years. However, the study of PS has not received much attention, hence, until now, its potential impact on specific flavor precursor development and implications on the flavor of cocoa beans still remains uncovered. The study was therefore aimed at exploring this possibility through physico-chemical and flavor precursor analyses, carried out on equally fermented and dried pod stored (0, 3 and 7 days) Ghanaian cocoa beans. Flavor analysis was also conducted on equally roasted pod stored cocoa beans. Through visual assessment of the pods, pulp and beans, the compelling impact of PS on fermentation index (FI) and nib acidity could be demonstrated by the various biochemical and physical changes such as respiration, moisture reduction, and cellular degradation, occurring during the process. Whereas the entire reaction of sugar degradation may be deemed complex, a clear relationship between the FI, nib acidity and the glucose content was observed. Also, PS was found to increase with marginal increase in total reducing sugars (glucose and fructose). Although the concentration of free amino acids was directly proportional to the duration of PS, within the framework of this study, a significant difference (p
- Published
- 2018